scholarly journals Technologies for the formation of soil-cement massifs when developing underground space in reclaimed lands and artificial islands

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.Ya. Kharchenko ◽  
A.I. Kharchenko
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Underground Space ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Cement Grouting ◽  
Soil Cement ◽  
Technical Solutions

In order to harden or increase the soil impermeability formed when constructing hydraulic territories, injection cement-grouting technology can be effectively applied. Its obvious advantages include environmental safety, manufacturability, durability, and economic attractiveness. The soil conditions of artificial territories are characterized by extreme uniformity, which necessitates the use of various technical solutions for their hardening. The experience of applying various soil injection cement-grouting technologies that provide the specified efficiency of the design decisions made has been analyzed in the report.

Ensuring Environmental Safety of Hydrocarbon Pipeline Transport Using Nanotechnology

2016 ◽  
Vol 871 ◽  
pp. 192-198
Author(s):  
Vladislav Shantarin ◽  
Yury Zemenkov ◽  
Maria Zemenkova
Keyword(s):  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Oil Sludge ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Pyrolysis Method ◽  
Innovative Materials ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Dry Water

The problem of eliminating the consequences of accidents and leaks is particularly relevant in the context of tightened environmental safety requirements. The authors investigated the adsorption capacity of "dry water" for storage of unconventional renewable fuels obtained by the pyrolysis method of oil sludge and oil-contaminated lands management. Existing methods of processing oil wastes have a number of drawbacks: low environmental safety, complexity of technical solutions, high energy costs, lack of final commercial products. The novelty of the research is to upgrade the pyrolysis method of managing oil sludge and oil-contaminated lands without air access in the reactor using electric arc discharge with an increase in consumer properties of the wastes involved in resource management. It was possible to identify the conditions of implementing a particularly effective process mode under which there is a cost-effective conversion of combustibles contained in the wastes into gaseous high-calorie energy sources that can be stored and transported, and used for internal requirements in the fields.Presents the results of studies of innovative materials in the field of leaks utilization

scholarly journals System/engineering Regularities of the Municipal Water Sector Development

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
System Engineering ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Structural Form ◽  
Water Sector ◽  
Municipal Water ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
The Given ◽  
Supply Systems

System engineering laws of big cities’ centralized water supply functioning and development have been stated in a structural form. This enables to define strategy of scientific research and updating of enginnering infrastructures of the municipal water sector. The given approach is applicable for substantiation of priority directions in the process of development and adoption of technical solutions on providing environmental safety for drinking water supply systems.

Air Basin Protection in the Bulk Manufacturing of Fodder Protein

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
A.V. Lukanin
Keyword(s):  
Protein Production ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Gas Treatment ◽  
Technological Improvement ◽  
Treatment Equipment ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Biomass Of Microorganisms

Biomass of microorganisms in aerogenic dissemination is an allergen and causes bronchopulmonary pathology. Organized source of air-gas emissions (AGE) in the production of protein—vitamin additives of any kind of raw materials are driers, bioreactors and separators. There were provided the results of a survey of a number of AGE production. There were developed new types of gas treatment equipment – vortex absorber and a mesh mist separator with continuous regeneration for bioreactors and separators. The greatest contribution to the AGE of fodder protein production make drying compartments. New technical solutions for their technological improvement did not on the path of increasing of gas treatment equipment capacity, but on the path to change hardware technological scheme. There were developed and tested a few schemes with varying degrees of closure of drying agent’s (DA) circulation. The final decision was the scheme with a fully closed-loop circulation of DA, thus ensuring the full environmental safety and explosion-proof of drying compartments.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF VARYING PROPERTIES OF GEOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT ON THE FORMATION OF LOADS AT SHALLOW-LAYING UNDERGROUND STRUCTURES

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Natalia Zuievska ◽  
Liubov Shaidetska ◽  
Valentina Gubashova
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Strength Characteristics ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Joint Work ◽  
Cement Material ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Soil Cement ◽  
Jet Grouting ◽  
Geological Conditions

Purpose. The purpose of this work is to consider the prospects for the use of jet grouting in urban development. On the example of the considered engineering-geological conditions to show the possibility of wide application of soil-cement elements. Methodology. To consider the main characteristic features of jet grouting, which prevail over traditional geotechnical technologies. To show the possibility of performing soil-cement elements not only in the conditions of strengthening the soil bases, but also in the conditions of anti-filtration elements when performing the protection of ditches. To present the ranges of strength characteristics of soil-cement material for soil conditions of Ukraine. Findings. The type and physical and mechanical properties of soils in which the jet-grouted element is performed will be one of the main factors influencing the geometric size of the elements and the strength of the soil-cement material. Originality. Collected and analyzed strength characteristics of soil-cement material and the presented ranges of their numerical values will allow to use them for future design of jet-routed elements in different soil conditions of Ukraine without the available personal developed practical base. Practical implications. In the progressive rhythm of urban development, the issue of new construction in the immediate vicinity of existing buildings, or the reconstruction of those in disrepair is acute. Due to its features and advantages, the technology of jet cementation allows to solve construction problems where other geotechnologies do not have the opportunity to be applied. Low dynamic impact will allow to perform soil-cement elements at strengthening of buildings and constructions in an emergency condition, low water permeability - to use jet elements as antifiltration, both single, and in joint work with other elements of designs of protection of ditches. Numerical experimental values of the strength of the material obtained by performing jet cementation, will predict the strength characteristics of future soil-cement elements.

scholarly journals TECHNICAL SYSTEMS AND MEASURES TO ENSURE THE QUALITY OF THE LIVING ENVIRONMENT OF THE POPULATION IN CONDITIONS OF NEGATIVE IMPACTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
T. P Kasharina ◽  
E. S Sidenko ◽  
K. P Valuysky
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Technical Solutions

In accordance with the priority directions of development of science and technology of the Russian Federation until 2025, the issues of developing and creating methods for the environmental safety of urban areas in areas affected by natural disasters, accidents, catastrophes, etc., as well as protective measures are being addressed. Organizational-economic groups should carry out regulation in rural areas of industrial and private enterprises, which are located near urban and rural settlements, developing measures and laws ensuring environmental safety, preserving local forests, limiting the load on pastures, protecting them from fire and maintaining constant monitoring them. In this paper, special attention is paid to natural disasters and reducing the severity of the consequences after them (mudflows, landslides, fires, etc.). To reduce the effects of natural and man-made factors, we have created new technical solutions with the use of composite nanomaterials and ground-filled, ground-reinforced, cable-stayed, etc. protective systems, which are presented below.

Improving the Environmental Safety of Transport Engines Using Modified Engine Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
S.A. Petukhov ◽  
L.S. Kurmanova ◽  
M.P. Erzamaev ◽  
D.S. Sazonov ◽  
D.S. Chinchenko
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Motor Oil ◽  
Harmful Emissions ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Emissions Of Harmful Substances

The problems of reducing emissions of harmful substances by transport engines are considered. It has been established that the use of modified engine oil is an effective way to increase the environmental safety of transport engines. The effectiveness of additives to improve the backsize of motor oil and reduce harmful emissions in the exhaust gas was evaluated. Methods for feeding additives are proposed. Technical solutions for the use of additives for transport engines have been developed. Experimental studies are presented to assess the effect of modified engine oil on the environmental safety of an engine.

scholarly journals Methods of Protection Forest Soils during Logging Operations (Review)

2021 ◽  
pp. 92-116
Author(s):  
Aleksey S. Ilintsev ◽  
◽  
Elena N. Nakvasina ◽  
Lars Högbom ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Tree Regeneration ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Forest Operations ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Protection Forest ◽  
Wood Harvesting ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
The Impact

Public opinion has become increasingly critical of current logging methods and technologies, and there is a demand for standards to guide the operations of environmentally impactful industries. For many years, numerous researchers have studied the impact of logging on forest soils, revealing that there is a high risk of damaging forest soil during forest operations and terrain transport. Here we analyse and review a total of 105 publications in this area. This large body of work demonstrates the scientific interest that this field has attracted. Despite this, important areas of uncertainty concerning the impact of forest harvesting still remain. In particular, changes in soil conditions can affect soil properties in ways that are not well understood, with possible impacts on the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soils as well as the structure of the soil cover. While it is difficult to fully eliminate the negative impact of forest operations on forest soils, their adverse environmental consequences should be minimised because soil plays a vital role in tree regeneration and helps determine the productivity of future forest stands. Some of the most frequently cited measures and effective technological solutions to minimize damage to forest soils involve taking terrain and different technical solutions into account when organising logging operations. Potentially helpful technical solutions include selecting machines and mechanisms suitable for the site conditions, using larger and/or low-pressure tyres, using tyre pressure control, using anti-skid tracks, using track belts, meliorating wet areas, and using logging machinery incorporating global positioning systems and geographic information systems. Planning measures that can help minimize soil damage include choosing a suitable wood harvesting system and technology, accounting for seasonal factors when planning logging operations, planning networks of roads and trails in advance, leaving wood residues or mats on soil surface, training forest specialists, and reducing the number of machine passes over skid trails and strip roads. Despite active interest in applying sparing methods of wood harvesting, uptake of measures designed to reduce negative impacts on forest soils after logging has been limited. This may be due to a lack of scientific and technical information and the high cost of implementing best management practices. Moreover, economic factors and production plans may require wood harvesting throughout the year, irrespective of conditions. For citation: Ilintsev A.S., Nakvasina E.N., Högbom L. Methods of Protection Forest Soils during Logging Operations (Review). Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2021, no. 5, pp. 92–116. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2021-5-92-116

scholarly journals Toward the formation of parameters influencing the quality of low-rise residential buildings

2021 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 09045
Author(s):  
Azary Lapidus ◽  
Yves Ndayiragije ◽  
Alexander Stepanov
Keyword(s):  
Construction Projects ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Construction Companies ◽  
Technical Solutions

The construction industry occupies a significant place in the development of any country. The success level of construction projects largely depends on its quality. Poor performance of work leads to different losses. Effective quality management delivers customer satisfaction and value, reduces visible and less visible cost of poor quality. The article aims to identify the main parameters influencing the quality of low-rise residential buildings using expert opinion method. At the first stage, a literature review was conducted, which resulted in a list of 54 individual indicators of technical solutions that affect the quality of low-rise apartment buildings. These quality indicators have different degrees of influence. Experts identified indicators that have a greater impact on the comprehensive quality indicator. Then, the list was shortened up to 34 individual indicators. The survey was conducted in construction companies, research centers, and construction universities. The development of a comprehensive quality index contributes to the achievement of design decisions in construction of residential buildings. The methodological scheme of the study is shown. Using the method of exploratory factor analysis, all indicators were grouped into 7 groups. A conceptual measurement model is defined. Furthermore, a structural model to determine the influence weights of each individual indicator on the corresponding group of factors is shown.

Demand driven selection of adaptable building technologies for flexibility-in-use

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roel Gijsbers ◽  
Jos Lichtenberg
Keyword(s):  
Building Design ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Building Components ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Building Practice ◽  
High Degree

Purpose – Most buildings are hardly ever technically equipped to adapt to ever changing user demands. Adaptability of building components is known as an essential technical aid to facilitate flexible use. However, for designers and developers it is very difficult to foresee how design decisions related to flexible use effect the efficiency of the technical system, especially when adaptations have to be realized in the future. Due to the large number of variables and interrelations, a structured approach is indispensable to translate (future) user demands into technical solutions for flexible use. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to present a novel method that can assist designers to systematically find suitable measures for flexible use. This method, named comparative selection method for adaptability measures (CSA method), is developed specifically to impartially select and compare adaptability measures. Design/methodology/approach – The CSA method is principally based on a performance approach, where technical solutions are compared and matched to performance requirements. To accomplish that, specific tools and theories were transferred from industrial product development. The CSA method displays the benefits of lifespan-oriented design, since a distinction is made between initial, once occurring effects and the effects that come with each expected adaptation. Findings – In contemporary building practice the initial phase is critical for decision making. By a number of case studies, the application of the CSA method reveals that tailor-made solutions with a high degree of adaptability are in fact the most efficient for the long term. Hereby the view is confirmed that a lifespan-oriented approach in design decisions is essential for a sustainable and future-proof building stock. Originality/value – The CSA method is a newly developed and unique support tool that assists in optimizing flexible building design through the search for best fit adaptability solutions.

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