scholarly journals Analysis of Consumption Pattern and Poverty in Central Java

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1043
Author(s):  
John Jaya Abdillah ◽  
Vinc.Hadi Wiyono ◽  
Bhimo Rizky Samudro
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Central Java ◽  
The People ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Food Consumption Pattern ◽  
Poor Population

Economic crisis occurring in 1998 leads Indonesia to occupy the dullest side of economy. The people’s decreased purchasing ability indicates that this condition impacts on the people’s welfare level. Poverty, indicated with the decreased ability of fulfilling human’s basic need, increases dramatically. This research, in addition to studying the consumption pattern in urban and rural areas, also will find out the relationship between poverty and consumption pattern of community in Central Java. The analysis method used was descriptive quantitative one by calculating rank spearman’s correlational coefficient test value. The result of research showed that food consumption pattern in urban areas tends to be lower than that in rural areas. From the result of rank spearman’s correlational coefficient test value, it could be seen that there is a relationship between the proportion of poor population and the expenditure per capita of population. It could be assumed that the higher the consumption of an area, the more prosperous is the people in the area or the higher is the income of the people in the area.

scholarly journals SUSTAINABLE FOOD CONSUMPTION IN RURAL AND URBAN AREAS IN POLAND

2019 ◽  
Vol XXI (4) ◽  
pp. 542-550
Author(s):  
Monika Utzig
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Sustainable Consumption ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Food Consumption Pattern

The aim of the paper is to identify changes in the food consumption of urban and rural households in Poland when it comes to sustainable consumption as well as evaluate if such changes are becoming more or less sustainable. Sustainable consumption is an element of sustainable development, which responds to the basic needs of people while not jeopardizing the needs of future generations. More sustainable food consumption is perceived to be a reduction of overconsumption, a decrease in the consumption of highly processed food and a shift in diet based less on animals and more on plants. The paper is mainly based on data from the Polish Central Statistical Office concerning meat, fruit and vegetable consumption. Some data about food waste were also used. The research shows that the food consumption pattern in rural households is less sustainable than in urban ones. Households living in rural areas consume more meat and less fruit and vegetables than urban ones. There is some evidence that the food consumption pattern in Poland is shifting towards a less sustainable one.

scholarly journals Ownership of mother and children's health book and complete basic immunization status in slums and poor population

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arief Hargono ◽  
Hario Megatsari ◽  
Kurnia Dwi Artanti ◽  
Triska Susila Nindya ◽  
Ratna Dwi Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Complete Coverage ◽  
The Government ◽  
Design And Methods ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Child Health ◽  
Improve Access ◽  
Poor Population

Background: The percentage of complete immunization in urban areas is higher than rural areas. The purpose of the study was to analyze the relationship between ownership of Maternal and Child Health (MCH) books with Complete Basic Immunization (CBI) coverage in slums and poor areas. Design and Methods: A rapid survey was conducted in selected slums and poor groups based on medical records from Public Health Center. Informants were mothers with a sample of 325 infants aged 12 to 23 months. Results: The lowest coverage of CBI for slum and poor residents is Pasuruan, which is 55.4%. The results of statistical analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between ownership of MCH books and the complete coverage of basic immunization in Malang (P=0.000; PR=3.682); Pasuruan (P=0.002; PR=1.854); Sidoarjo (P=0.000; PR=4.042); Surabaya (P=0.000; PR=2.425). Conclusions: It is recommended that the government should improve access to complete immunization programs in slums and poor population.

Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Hedgerows in Urban Areas

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Paullyne Charllotte Gonçalves Celestino ◽  
Lúcia de Fatima de Carvalho Chaves ◽  
André Luiz Alves de Lima Galdino ◽  
Jéssica de Oliveira Souza ◽  
Uaine Maria Félix Dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Architectural Elements ◽  
The People ◽  
Ecological Importance ◽  
Homogeneous Composition ◽  
Composition Structure ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
The One

The research aimed to analyze the maintenance, composition, pruning, planting aspects and architectural elements on urban hedgerows. This study was carried out in an area of Imbiribeira, Recife, PE, Brazil, during six months. The survey was conducted in an area of 30 city blocks (37.024 hectares). The application of the questionnaire was directed to people residing, working, or owning real estate that contained hedgerows. Maintenance (person with the responsibility of pruning and maintenance of the hedge and types of maintenance performed on the hedges); Plant species aspects (species used were classified into groups of plant species: arboreal, shrub, herbaceous and climbing plants); Composition (homogeneous or heterogeneous); Pruning (maintenance or topiary); Planting aspects (planting alignment, spacing rhythm and dimensions of the hedge). In the study area, 30 blocks were sampled, where the presence of hedgerows was observed in 18 of them. The people responsible for the maintenance and management of hedgerows were mostly non-professional workers. The practice of watering hedgerows was found in 95.24% of the visited properties. The use fertilizer was found in 28.57% of the cases and only 4.76% of the properties use pesticide products due to phytosanitary problems. Most of the hedgerows had a homogeneous composition. Topiary pruning is the most practiced treatment on the hedgerows, with a frequency of 82.28% in the study area. The quincux planting with no definite spacing rhythm was the most found. The most observed Planting Alignment in the study area was in line. The most observed Spacing Rhythm was the one with no rhythm of planting. Although hedgerows are widely used in urban and rural areas, studies on their maintenance, composition, structure, ecological importance and relevance to biodiversity conservation are scarce.

scholarly journals PENGOLAHAN DAN PENERIMAAN PRODUK KEDELAI PADA RUMAHTANGGA DI PERKOTAAN DAN PEDESAAN PULAU JAWA INDONESIA

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Rina Yenrina ◽  
Yuliana Yuliana ◽  
Deddy Muchtadi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Soy Sauce ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Soy Milk ◽  
Acceptance Level ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Rural And Urban

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 12.6pt 6pt 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"><span lang="en-us" xml:lang="en-us">The study was aimed to get data on kind of processing and acceptance level of local soybean products in rural and urban areas in Java Island. The study locations were South Jakarta (Province of DKI Jakarta); Serang and Tangerang (Province of Banten); Bekasi, Bogor and Bandung (Province of West Java); Purwokerto, Semarang and Solo (Province of Central Java); Yogyakarta (Province of D.I.Yogyakarta); Malang, Jember and Surabaya (Province of East Java). The study was a part of a grand study on processing, acceptance, and consumption pattern of local soybean products at various socio-economic level of households in Java Island in 2005.  The data were obtained by interviewing and observing 2080 households (consisted of 1280 households in urban and 800 households in rural areas) selected randomly. Soybean products that mostly found in the market and consumed by households of Indonesian people, particularly in Java Island, were tempe, tauco, soy-sauce, tofu, tofu-flower, soy-sprout, and oncom.  The mostly ways to process the soy products were stir-frying, deep-frying, toasting, boiling, and ‘bacem’.  Besides, there were also some soy products that consumed directly at a household level after factorized processing, namely as soy-sauce and soy-milk. The average time used to process the soy-products varied, depended on the way of processing and  number of the product processed.  Stir-frying, especially for tempe, tofu, and tauge, was a frequent way done by poor and rich households, both in urban and rural areas.  The products that mostly processed by frying in rural household was tempe, tofu and soybean, meanwhile in urban areas were only tempe and tofu.  The everage time used by urban households to fry the soy-products was shorter than time used by rural households. It was found that more than 90% of households in rural and urban areas stated “like” and “like very much” tempe, tofu, and soy-sauce.  However, the acceptance level of household on tauco, soy-milk, and soy-flower was still low, namely less than 50%.</span></p>

scholarly journals Housework Division and Second-Child Fertility Anxiety among Couples in China: The Urban and Rural Differences

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (20) ◽  
pp. 3910
Author(s):  
Jingyue Zhang ◽  
Yipeng Tian
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Household Registration ◽  
Second Child ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

This study investigated the moderating role of household registration in the relationship between housework division and second-child fertility anxiety among Chinese couples of childbearing ages. Multilevel cluster sampling was used to select 1834 respondents aged 20–45 years from Jilin Province in China between 2016 and 2017. A sample of 542 adults who were married and had only one child was included in the final analysis. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to examine the proposed hypothesis. The results showed that the association between housework division and second-child fertility anxiety was significant in rural areas. However, the above association was not significant in urban areas. Household registration status was found to have a moderating effect on the relationship between housework division and second-child fertility anxiety. Differences in gender and fertility ideology have led to different housework divisions in urban and rural areas, which in turn have led to different effects on the second-child fertility anxiety of couples of childbearing ages in these areas.

scholarly journals Cluster Analysis of Candida Infections Evolution in Urban and Rural Areas in Romania

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Common Criteria ◽  
The People ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Candida Infections ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Candida infections are some of the most common fungal infections, which are generally found in persons with weakened or compromised immune systems. In the first part of this paper is analyzed statistically and epidemiologically the spread in the urban and rural environment, in Romania, of Candida infections, these producing great problems especially to the people included in the risk groups. The data collected from Romania from 2008-2014 were investigated. The estimates were made by years, by categories of urban / rural areas, but also by expressing the results as persons (cases) per 100,000 inhabitants, to estimate the real incidence of such infections in Romania. The statistical analysis was performed with the well-defined purpose of observing in which of the environments of origin of the patients (urban or rural) predominate the infections like Candida. The period chosen for the study, although not recent, does not influence the conclusions of the analysis, as the living conditions of the population in urban and rural areas have not evolved significantly in recent years in Romania. In the second part of the paper, through the cluster analysis, the differences between the spread of Candida infections from the above mentioned period were analyzed, in the urban and rural areas, using common criteria. Cluster analysis is a multivariate analysis method, which includes algorithms capable of effectively identifying and grouping, in a given set of objects, similar groups in terms of common properties. The analysis was performed using Excel and Matlab software.

scholarly journals Environmental Critical Analysis of Urban Heat Island Phenomenon Using ECI (Environmental Critically Index) Algorithm in Surakarta City and Its Surroundings

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Cynthia Aprilia ◽  
J Jumadi ◽  
Andri N.R Mardiah
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Open Land ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
The Relationship

One of the impacts of unplanned urban growth is the decrease of urban vegetation which is replaced by land development such as buildings, roads and open land with paving block materials. This causes the environmental quality to decline. Surakarta City is one of the cities with rapid growth in Central Java. This is indicated by the increase in population over the years. This research examines the phenomenon of changes in environmental quality using ECI with variables NDVI and LST using Landsat 8 in 2013 and 2019. In particular, this study analyzes the relationship between ECI and UHI and the relationship between LST and NDVI to ECI. The results show that in 2013 ECI area was dominated by the City Center, then in 2019 it expanded to the outer areas surrounding Surakarta City. The Urban - Rural gradient also illustrates that the highest average of ECI in urban areas will decrease when heading to Rural areas. The decrease happened due to the pressure from the growing population. Each variable has a strong correlation with one another and influences each other. Efforts to overcome environmental criticality are sustainable greening, because green spaces can help reduce the warming effects of UHI.

scholarly journals THE DIFFERENCE OF PROTEIN CONSUMPTION AT URBAN AND RURAL AREAS IN ACEH PROVINCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Riezky Purnama Sari ◽  
Ayu Pratiwi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Protein Consumption ◽  
The People ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
Aceh Province ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Protein is needed by the human body, especially to develop and repair body tissues. The adequacy rate of protein consumption shows the amount of minimal protein needed by each resident in a day to be able to live healthy and active. The Indonesian adequacy rate of protein consumption based on the results of the National Widyakarya Food and Nutrition X set a standard of consumption per capita protein per day which is 57 grams of protein. The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in protein consumption in urban and rural areas in Aceh province. Data used on average consumption of protein in urban and rural areas by food in 2018 in the Aceh province were obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) of Aceh. The data was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney Test with the help of SPSS 23 software. Based on the results of descriptive statistics in urban areas in Aceh province, protein consumption according to food was 62.42 grams, while in rural areas it was 57.42 grams. This shows that the protein consumption of the people of Aceh province has fulfilled the protein adequacy rate.Then from the output of SPSS 23 protein consumption in urban and rural areas obtained Mann-Whitney U value = 79,000 with an Asymp Value Sig (2 tailed) = 0.590 so that the Asymp Sig value obtained> 0.05 then H0 is accepted meaning that there is no significant difference between consumption protein in urban and rural areas in Aceh

An Analysis of Consumption Pattern in Pakistan

1982 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rehana Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Household Size ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Total Expenditure ◽  
Demand Growth ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

The paper aims at testing the validity of Engel's law with data on Pakistan. Consumption functions for urban and rural areas have been estimated separately. These functions are shown to be determined by total expenditure and household size. Engel's law is confirmed for some commodity groups but not for all. Following tests of urban-rural homogeneity and of stability of urban and rural consumption functions, demand growth rates for different food and non-food items have been calculated, assuming different growth rates of total expenditure and household size.

scholarly journals Patterns of Alcohol Consumption in the PURE Poland Cohort Study and Their Relationship with Health Problems

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4185
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Zatońska ◽  
Piotr Psikus ◽  
Alicja Basiak-Rasała ◽  
Zuzanna Stępnicka ◽  
Maria Wołyniec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Frequent Consumption ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
High Level

(1) Background: Alcohol is a leading risk factor of premature morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to investigate the patterns of alcohol consumption in the PURE Poland cohort study baseline. (2) Methods: A Polish cohort was enrolled in the baseline study in 2007–2010. The study group consisted of 2021 adult participants of urban and rural areas from the Lower Silesia voivodeship in Poland (747 men and 1274 women). (3) Results: In the overall study population, 67.3% were current drinkers, 10.3% were former drinkers, and 22.4% were abstainers. Current use of alcohol products was more prevalent in men (77.2%), people living in urban areas (73.0%), and people with a higher level of education (78.0%). The percentage of current drinkers decreased with increasing age (from 73.4% in 30- to 44-year-olds to 48.8% in participants aged 64 and more). The majority of participants (89.2%) declared a low level of alcohol intake. The chance of high level of intake of alcohol was four times higher in men than in women (OR 4.17; CI 1.64–10.6). The majority of participants (54.6%) declared most frequent consumption of low-alcohol drinks (beer, wine) and 21% declared most frequent consumption of spirits. Current drinkers had almost 1.5-fold higher odds of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) than never drinkers (OR 1.49, CI 1.03–2.17; OR 1.66, CI 1.27–2.18, respectively). Former drinkers had higher odds for hypertension and CVD than never drinkers (1.73, CI 1.05–2.85; OR 1.76, CI 1.22–2.53, respectively). (4) Conclusions: In our cohort study, we observed several socio-demographic factors differentiating the patterns of alcohol consumption. The preventive programs should focus predominantly on men, people aged <45 years, and those with a higher level of education.

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