scholarly journals Population of the Volga German Republic: Life and labour in June – September 1941 (for the 80th anniversary of the events)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-128
Author(s):  
Arkady A. German ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
The State ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
German Population ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
80Th Anniversary ◽  
German Republic ◽  
Military Mobilization ◽  
The Creation

The author of the article examines the changes that occurred in the life and work of the population of the Volga German Republic under the state of emergency caused by the outbreak of the war. The article examines the transformation of the state’s policy towards the Volga German: from emphasized loyalty to deaf hostility and their eviction from the region. Special attention is paid to the reaction of the Volga German population to the beginning of the war, the participation of the population in activities caused by the war: military mobilization, reception and placement of evacuated enterprises and refugees, the creation of fighter detachments and militia. The most important event that required great efforts of citizens was the harvesting of a rich harvest. The article reveals the participation of the Volga German in a counter-propaganda campaign aimed at the armed forces and the population of Germany. Due to major failures at the front as a reinsurance company in September 1941 the German population of the Volga region was evicted to Siberia and Kazakhstan.

scholarly journals THE ARCHERS OF CLASSICAL ATHENS

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-102
Author(s):  
David M. Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
The State ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Peloponnesian War ◽  
Military Innovation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Creation

The armed forces that Athens took into the Peloponnesian War had four distinct corps. The two that have been studied the most are the cavalry corps and the navy. The same level of focus is now paid to the hoplite corps. In contrast to these three branches, the archers continue to be largely unstudied. Indeed, the last dedicated study of this corps was published in 1913. This neglect of the archers by military historians is unjustified. The creation of the archer corps in the late 480sbcwas a significant military innovation. For the rest of the fifth century, Athens constantly deployed archers in a wide range of important combat roles. In the late 430s the state spent as much on them as it did on the cavalry.

scholarly journals Cooperation and collaboration between the Polish Police and Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland in terms of ensuring security and public order

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 200-210
Author(s):  
Dominika Rozborska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Order ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
State And Society ◽  
General Obligation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Vast Area

Ensuring security and public order is one of the most important, constitutional objectives of the State and at the same time the task of many public authorities. The Police is leading, uniformed and armed formation in a system of public safety authorities whose overriding operating objective, determined by the legislator is to serve the society by protecting people’s safety and maintaining security and public order. However, in carrying out tasks related to such vast area of activity, the Police does not have to be unassisted. Natural partner for the Police is the army, despite the fact that the main task of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland is to protect the State and society from external military threat. This study aims to characterize formal foundations and scope of cooperation between Polish Police and Armed Forces in terms of ensuring security and public order. For this purpose, legal basis for providing support for the Police by the Polish Armed Forces under the laws on: state of emergency, natural disaster, crisis management, the Police, counter-terrorism actions and general obligation to defend the Republic of Poland and issued regulations based on them were examined. This article also refers to the issue of cooperation of the Police with the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland on the basis of concluded agreements.

scholarly journals The Politics of Pure Means

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-269
Author(s):  
Dario Gentili
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Legal Order ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Living Together ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Critique Of Violence

Abstract This article is focused on the analysis of paragraphs 10 and 11 of Walter Benjamin's “Toward the Critique of Violence.” The article focuses on two sets of fundamental claims: those addressing the function of the police within the legal order of the state and those addressing what Benjamin calls the “politics of pure means.” Benjamin considers both the police and the politics of pure means as belonging to “the realm of means,” but they represent two alternative configurations of politics. The police state exemplifies the art of government when “the state of emergency is the rule,” that is, when the constantly reproduced fear of violence performs a disciplinary function. By contrast, the politics of pure means names the possibility of a politicization of human beings living together on the basis of subjective dispositions other than fear (which traditionally was thought to justify the creation of the legal order of the state).

Contribution of the Inhabitants of Tovmachna to Strengthening the Combat Capability of the Army WUPR During the War of 1918 – 1919

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (46) ◽  
pp. 96-100
Author(s):  
Igor Fedoryshyn
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Active Participation ◽  
The State ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Material Support ◽  
Full Support ◽  
The Creation

The article describes the problem of the contribution of the inhabitants of Tovmachchyna to strengthening the combat capability of the Ukrainian Galician army during the Ukrainian-Polish war of 1918–1919. The publication shows the role of the county authorities, which, realizing the importance of helping the Ukrainian army in the struggle against the external enemy, since the first days of its functioning strongly urged residents of the province to join the gathering of food, clothes, money and ammunition for the defense of the UGA. Also the author analyzes the normative legal acts of local authorities, dealing with material and social security of personnel of the Ukrainian Galician army and members of their families. Active participation on the full support of the UGA was enacted and the residents of Tovmachchyna becаmеa reliable support for its defenders. A crucial role in this process was played by the Patriotic enthusiasm in the community that led to the emergence of a large number of supporters and gave impetus to the creation of the various funds and committees assistance, through which the Ukrainian population of the county, in terms of a lack of resource capabilities and external aggression, in fact, served the function of the state material support of the Ukrainian armed forces. Keywords: WUРR, the ukrainian galician army, tovmachchyna, the county, the commissariat, the council, the tax, the committee, the foundation

scholarly journals THEORY OF CREATION OF THE INSURGENT-GUERRILLA LIBERATION ARMY IN THE MILITARY-HISTORICAL WORKS OF OUN MEMBERS

2021 ◽  
pp. 335-351
Author(s):  
Svitlana Lisina
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The State ◽  
Military Doctrine ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Military

Summary. The purpose of this research is to study the theoretical works of OUN activists on the creation of an insurgent-guerrilla liberation army, which have not lost their significance for the development of modern Ukraine and the reforming of its Armed Forces. The research methodology is based on the principles of historicism and the synthesis of comparative and problem-chronological methods of researching the works of OUN soldiers on the creation of the Ukrainian army. The scientific novelty lies in the implementation of one of the first attempts at a comprehensive study of OUN propaganda and journalistic materials on military-organizational activities, which clarifies the role of the Organization’s military figures in the formation and development of its basic principles on the eve of World War II. Conclusions. On the basis of the relevant funds of the State Archive of Lviv Region (SALR), memoirs, nationalist newspapers and magazines, fundamental monographs and dissertations, the role of OUN leaders E. Konovalets, M. Kolodzinskyi, O. Gasyn, R. Yaryi, Z. Kossak is covered on the creation of the liberation army in military-historical and military-theoretical works. The main materials, which consider the issues of the coming war, tactics and strategy of Ukrainian nationalists, military doctrine and military training were prepared by: M. Kolodzinskyi ‒ "Ukrainian military doctrine", Z. Kossak ‒ "44 rules of life of the Ukrainian nationalist", R. Yaryi ‒ "Military education of youth", E. Konovalets ‒ "Military Affairs", "Military Training". The creative achievements of OUN military figures were marked by a wide range and depth of thinking, high professionalism. All educational and theoretical developments of OUN soldiers are a source for studying the military-historical thought about the activities of the nationalist organization of 1929‒1939. This legacy can be used in the not yet completed state-building processes of modern Ukraine, the reforming of the Armed Forces of the state, the prospect of our country’s accession to European structures and NATO.

scholarly journals War crime in the conditions of the Joint Forces Operation: a criminological description

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-185
Author(s):  
Yuriy Krychun
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
War Crimes ◽  
The State ◽  
Joint Forces ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
The Social ◽  
Military Security ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Military

The article is devoted to the study of the concept of war crime and analysis of its forensic characteristics. The study analyzed the concepts of crime, war crime and the probable reasons for their commission. It is determined that military service is an extremely important type of activity, as it is designed to ensure state security and protection of the state border of Ukraine. The main military formation in Ukraine is the Armed Forces of Ukraine, the procedure of which is determined by the relevant legislation, according to which the Armed Forces is an independent state and legal institution, a reflection of modern Ukrainian society, but with its specific demographic, organizational, social, psychological and legal features. It is established that any crime is a negative social phenomenon that poses a threat to both society and the state. The social danger of each crime is manifested in the task or the creation of the danger of causing significant harm to public relations: the interests of the individual, society, state, which are protected by criminal law. But in war crimes behind these relations are the interests of a higher order – the military security of the state: the state of combat capability of the Armed Forces, other military formations, the ability to perform tasks set by the state, and ultimately protect the country from possible military aggression. Any crime against military service undermines the combat capability of military units, as a consequence, causes significant damage to the combat capability of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and, ultimately, to the military security of the state. Thus, the social danger of war crimes finds its expression in the task or in the creation of a threat of significant damage to the interests of military security of the state in the field of its defense and, therefore, is characterized by an increased degree of public danger. For Ukraine, in terms of the Operation joint forces, war crimes are extremely negative, as these are the factors that undermine combat readiness, military discipline and legal consciousness of the servicemen, creates the conditions for the loss of military personnel, military property, and therefore requires the authorities to use all necessary resources to fight and prevent the Commission of war crimes. Thus, the data on the person that has committed war crimes, as an element of criminalistic characteristics are of fundamental importance because they are a solid information base, which later during the establishment of corresponding co-dependent relationships will determine the other unknown elements of criminalistic characteristics.

“I'd make thee eat the mischief thou hast vented”: Discourse of Law in Ben Jonson's Catiline His Conspiracy

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-45
Author(s):  
Akihiko Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Legal Discourse ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Gunpowder Plot ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Legal Procedures ◽  
The Way

This essay explores the discourse of law that constitutes the controversial apprehension of Cicero's issuing of the ultimate decree of the Senate (senatus consultum ultimum) in Catiline. The play juxtaposes the struggle of Cicero, whose moral character and legitimacy are at stake in regards to the extra-legal uses of espionage, with the supposedly mischievous Catilinarians who appear to observe legal procedures more carefully throughout their plot. To mitigate this ambivalence, the play defends Cicero's actions by depicting the way in which Cicero establishes the rhetoric of public counsel to convince the citizens of his legitimacy in his unprecedented dealing with Catiline. To understand the contemporaneousness of Catiline, I will explore the way the play integrates the early modern discourses of counsel and the legal maxim of ‘better to suffer an inconvenience than mischief,’ suggesting Jonson's subtle sensibility towards King James's legal reformation which aimed to establish and deploy monarchical authority in the state of emergency (such as the Gunpowder Plot of 1605). The play's climactic trial scene highlights the display of the collected evidence, such as hand-written letters and the testimonies obtained through Cicero's spies, the Allbroges, as proof of Catiline's mischievous character. I argue that the tactical negotiating skills of the virtuous and vicious characters rely heavily on the effective use of rhetoric exemplified by both the political discourse of classical Rome and the legal discourse of Tudor and Jacobean England.

EDUCATING YOUNG PEOPLE IN PRESERVING THE MEMORY OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
Davlatbek Qudratov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The State ◽  
World War ◽  
Educational Activities ◽  
Soviet State ◽  
Military Mobilization ◽  
Second World

The article analyzes the state of schools and education in General during the Second World war. The slogan "Everything for the front, everything for victory!" defined the goal not only of all military mobilization activities of the Soviet state, but also became the center of all organizational, ideological, cultural and educational activities of the party and state bodies of Uzbekistan.

Comparative evaluation of breeding lines of sugar sorgo in competitive variety testing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Vertikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
The State ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Variety Trial ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Variety Testing

In a competitive variety trial, promising selection lines of sugar sorghum were studied in the Lower Volga region. Based on a set of signs, the best lines were identified, which are recommended for transfer to the State Variety Testing. Breeding lines, which are distinguished by high values of commercially valuable traits, can be used in planned crosses to create highly productive varieties and hybrids of sugar sorghum.

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