scholarly journals Historical-philosophical views of V. I. Zasulich (On the example of the work “Jean-Jacques Rousseau. The experience of characteristics of his social ideas”)

Author(s):  
Olga A. Martynova ◽  

The article is devoted to the work of the Russian revolutionary, writer and Marxist theorist V. I. Zasulich. The subject of consideration is the historical and philosophical views of the thinker, which are analyzed on the basis of her study devoted to the work of J.-J. Rousseau – “Jean-Jacques Rousseau. The experience of characteristics of his social ideas”, which previously remained almost without the attention of researchers. The purpose of the work is to analyze the basic principles of the approach of V. I. Zasulich to the study of philosophical thought: the desire to recreate the historical situation and the mental situation, the focus on the selection of socio-political and ideological determinants of the views of a particular thinker, the selection of unique and innovative thoughts compared to contemporaries and predecessors, the influence of the thinker on contemporaries and descendants. The research methodology is the system analysis, and reconstruction of the works by V. I. Zasulich on the problems of research. The work of V. I. Zasulich is a full-fledged scientific research: it analyzes the works of the thinker, refers to other researchers of his work. It identifies the determinants of the direction of his works, the thinker’s innovation and contribution to philosophy, as well as his influence on the further development of spiritual life, that is, adheres to the Marxist methodology of historical and philosophical research (and largely forms this methodology for Russian scientists).

Author(s):  
Александра Анатольевна Хадынская

Введение. Рассматривается тема морского путешествия у Антонина Ладинского на примере сборника «Черное и голубое», первого в творчестве поэта, в котором сформировались магистральные линии его поэзии, развившиеся в последующих сборниках. Цель – проследить семантику морского плавания у поэта с учетом акмеистических влияний на него Н. Гумилева, у которого эта тема, став одной из основных в творчестве, отразила основные принципы акмеистического мировидения поэта. Материал и методы. Методология исследования предполагает литературоведческую интерпретацию лирических текстов с пониманием теоретических основ поэтики акмеизма («чужое слово», полифонический текст, динамическое пространство и пр.). Использовался также метод интертекстуального анализа при сопоставлении текстов, принадлежащих к разным литературным эпохам. Результаты и обсуждение. Творчество Ладинского уже было предметом научных изысканий, отмечалась и ориентация поэта на символизм и акмеизм, указывалась сложность отнесения его лирики к какому-либо из этих модернистских течений. Но морское путешествие как центральная тема первого сборника «Черное и голубое» в контексте акмеистической поэтики еще не привлекало внимания исследователей. Рассмотрено влияние гумилевской темы морских странствий на лирику Антонина Ладинского в плане полемики поэта с мэтром акмеизма, выявлено своеобразие рассматриваемой темы в связи с его эмигрантским опытом. Заключение. В лирике Антонина Ладинского морское путешествие становится отражением его пути эмигранта, и в этом смысле он полемизирует с Н. Гумилевым, у которого тема плавания по морям имеет культурологический смысл и отражает акмеистический принцип познания Жизни через Искусство. Семантика морского путешествия в контексте акмеистической поэтики позволяет Ладинскому сказать свое слово миру, присоединив свой голос к могучему культурному хору певцов морской стихии. Акмеистическая позиция оказывается близка ему своей земной природой, а символистская – осознанием мощной силы инобытия. Через диалог с «чужим словом» поэт декларирует собственный опыт освоения мира, отличный как от акмеистов, так и от символистов. Трагический взгляд на мир, обусловленный ситуацией эмиграции, звучит в первом сборнике еще не в полную мощь, акмеистическое «принятие действительности» еще имеет свою «инерцию», но осознание случившегося как катастрофы и пути в мир смерти уже произошло. Introduction.The article examines the topic of sea travel by Antonin Ladinsky using the example of the collection “Black and Blue”, the first in the poet’s work, in which the main lines of his poetry were formed, further developed in subsequent collections. Aim and objectives: to trace the semantics of sea navigation, taking into account the acmeistic influences on the poet by N. Gumilyov, for whom this topic was one of the main in his work and reflected the basic principles of the acmeistic worldview of the poet. Material and methods. The research methodology assumes a literary interpretation of lyric texts with an understanding of the theoretical foundations of the poetics of acmeism (“alien word”, polyphonic text, dynamic space, etc.). The method of intertextual analysis was also used when comparing texts belonging to different literary eras. Results and discussion. Ladinsky’s work was already the subject of scientific research, the poet’s orientation towards symbolism and acmeism was also noted, the difficulty of attributing his lyrics to any of these modernist movements was indicated. But sea voyage as the central theme of the first collection “Black and Blue” in the context of acmeistic poetics has not yet attracted the attention of researchers. We examined the influence of the Gumilev theme of sea voyages on the lyrics of Ant. Ladinsky in terms of the poet’s polemic with the master of acmeism, the originality of the topic under consideration is revealed in connection with his emigre experience. Conclusion. In the lyrics of Antonin Ladinsky, the sea voyage becomes a reflection of his path as an emigrant, and in this sence he argues with N. Gumilev, whose theme of sailing on the seas has a culturological meaning and reflects the acmeistic principle of cognizing Life through Art. The semantics of sea travel, in the context of acmeistic poetics, allows Ladinsky to say his word to the world, adding his voice to the mighty cultural choir of the singers of the sea. The acmeistic position turns out to be close to him by its earthly nature, and the symbolist one – by the awareness of the powerful force of otherness. Through dialogue with the “alien word”, the poet declares his own experience of mastering the world, which is different from both the Acmeists and the Symbolists. The tragic view of the world, conditioned by the situation of emigration, sounds in the first collection not yet in full force, the acmeistic “acceptance of reality” still has its “inertia”, but the awareness of what happened as a catastrophe and the path to the world of death has already occurred.


2019 ◽  
pp. 103-109
Author(s):  
О. С. Юрченко

The orientation to sustainable development of enterprises necessitates the formation of effective accounting and analytical system of profitability management. In this regard, the article is focused on the disclosure of priority areas for developing of theoretical and methodological foundations for formation accounting and analytical support for profitability management. The purpose of the research is the disclosure of current problems and priority areas of the formation of accounting and analytical support for the management of profitability of enterprises. The subject of the research is the theoretical and methodological foundations regarding the formation of the accounting and analytical system in the management of the profits of the enterprises. The object of research - the process of selection of priorities of accounting and analytical system in managing the profitability of enterprises. The methods, used in the research are scientific knowledge, induction, system analysis and conceptual synthesis. The hypothesis was assumption, in the conditions of increasing financial position of business entities, it is necessary the reorientation of the accounting and analytical system in order to identify the influence of factors on profits, reserves and ways of their mobilization for increasing the profitability of enterprises. The statement of basic materials. Based on the results of the research, the preconditions and problems of the development of the conceptual positions of the accounting and analytical support are determined and the ways of their solution are outlined. It is substantiated that the profit depends on the choice of methods of enterprise accounting policy and assessment procedures. It is proved that strategic management accounting is a component of the accounting and analytical system in managing profitability of enterprises. The sequence of formation of the concept of accounting and analytical support for profitability management of enterprises is disclosed. The originality and practical significance of the research is the disclosure of areas for developing of theoretical and methodical foundations of formation of the accounting and analytical system in the management of profitability of enterprises. Conclusions of the research. Introduction in practice of a strategically oriented accounting and analytical system provides the opportunity to assess the internal capacity of the formation of profitability of enterprises, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, the opportunity of generating the value of the enterprise for the future reserves.


2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 230-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Whitten ◽  
Liv Karen Johannessen ◽  
Tove Soerensen ◽  
Deede Gammon ◽  
Michael Mackert

We conducted a systematic review of 15 relevant databases for articles about telemedicine. After eliminating articles that did not meet the inclusion criteria, 1615 remained for analysis. Three raters coded the articles to assess various theoretical and methodological variables. Only 5% ( n = 85) of the telemedicine articles made mention of any theory or paradigmatic approach. Studies commonly reported the objectives (96%) but rarely stated a research question or hypothesis (11%). Randomized selection of the subjects was reported in 11% of patient studies and 4% of studies where providers were the subject. There was a wide range in the number of subjects employed, although the majority of studies were based on sample sizes of less than 100. Only 26% of the studies reported a time frame. Until the telemedicine field adheres to agreed standards of reporting methodological details it will be difficult to draw firm conclusions from review studies.


2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1(38)) ◽  
pp. 43-54
Author(s):  
S. K. Mizina

Problem Statement and Purpose. Approaches, principles and methods of research of anthropogenic landscapes, in particular landscape-technical systems, are considered in detail in the works of many scientists. However, less attention is paid to the study of water management landscape technical systems. This necessitates more specific approaches, principles and methods that would allow to fully reveal the essence of these systems. Water management landscape-technical system is a complex system that combinesnatural, technical and information blocks that interact with each other. Therefore, researching these systems, in addition to traditional and specific, it is necessary to use at the integrated level the principles and methods of various natural sciences. Data & Methods. In the process of analysis and disclosure of approaches, principles and methods of research of water management landscape system, the following methods were used: structural and logical generalization (used to identify traditional methods in the study of the system), abstraction (selection of specific methods to reveal the essence of the system), system analysis (establishment of integration links between traditional and specific methods of scientific cognition), generalization (made it possible on the basis of the obtained data on methods of scientific cognition to develop a scheme for studying the water landscape system of the Trubizh river basin). Results. It is noted that the study of water management landscape technical system is impossible without the use of a systematic approach, which is traditional in all theoretical studies. Approaches that help to reveal the essence of the water management landscape and technical system (historical, basinal, system, paragenetic, constructive, cartographic and geoinformational) are identified and analyzed. The cartographic approach is singled out, which is one of the main ones in the study of water management landscape technical systems. There is a particular emphasis on the geoinformational approach, as the development of GIS projects is one of the most promising and modern trends in the study of not only water management landscape and technical systems, but also anthropogenic landscape science in general. The essence of specific principles and research methods is revealed, as they help to understand the peculiarities of the water management landscape and technical system. Three basic principles (historicism, natural anthropogenic compatibility and advanced study of previous natural and anthropogenic landscapes) were considered, on their basis seven methods of scientific research were identified and analyzed. The author emphasizes that, in addition to the main approaches, principles and methods, it is expedient to use methods from other sectoral sciences in the water management landscape and technical system study (geology, geomorphology, soil science, hydrology, zoology, botany etc.). A generalized study scheme of the water management landscape and technical system has been proposed, using the Trubizh River as an example.


Author(s):  
Oksana Mazurova ◽  
Artem Naboka ◽  
Mariya Shirokopetleva

Today, databases are an integral part of most modern applications designed to store large amounts of data and to request from many users. To solve business problems in such conditions, databases are scaled, often horizontally on several physical servers using replication technology. At the same time, many business operations require the implementation of transactional compliance with ACID properties. For relational databases that traditionally support ACID transactions, horizontal scaling is not always effective due to the limitations of the relational model itself. Therefore, there is an applied problem of efficient implementation of ACID transactions for horizontally distributed databases. The subject matter of the study is the methods of implementing ACID transactions in distributed databases, created by replication technology. The goal of the work is to increase the efficiency of ACID transaction implementation for horizontally distributed databases. The work is devoted to solving the following tasks: analysis and selection of the most relevant methods of implementation of distributed ACID transactions; planning and experimental research of methods for implementing ACID transactions by using of NoSQL DBMS MongoDB and NewSQL DBMS VoltDB as an example; measurements of metrics of productivity of use of these methods and formation of the recommendation concerning their effective use. The following methods are used: system analysis; relational databases design; methods for evaluating database performance. The following results were obtained: experimental measurements of the execution time of typical distributed transactions for the subject area of e-commerce, as well as measurements of the number of resources required for their execution; revealed trends in the performance of such transactions, formed recommendations for the methods studied. The obtained results allowed to make functions of dependence of the considered metrics on loading parameters. Conclusions: the strengths and weaknesses of the implementation of distributed ACID transactions using MongoDB and VoltDB were identified. Practical recommendations for the effective use of these systems for different types of applications, taking into account the resources consumed and the types of requests.


2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arzija Pašalić ◽  
Fatima Jusupović ◽  
Zarema Obradović ◽  
Jasmina Mahmutović

Introduction: Selection of optimal nutrition for physical activity of sportsmen depends on several factors, and includes the type and duration of exercises, total energy consumption, time needed for recovery, andnutritional preferences. Proper nutrition of sportsmen relies on adequate combination and participation of all the macronutrients. The aim of this research was to analyse and determine the nutritional awareness andhabits of sportsmen depending on their age and type of sports they indulge.Methods: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study undertaken from May to July 2011 on the sample of 100 examinees/sportsmen of the Football Club “Željezničar“ and Basketball Club “Bosna“.Results: General awareness of sportsmen on basic principles of proper nutrition is unsatisfactory. Statisticalsignificance per type of sport and age of sportsmen is proved through representation of macronutrients in their nutrition. For 49.1% footballers and 52% sportsmen over 19 years of age the most important combinationof macronutrients resembles the model of carbohydrates-proteins-fats, while 48.9% of basketballers and sportsmen under 18 prefer proteins-carbohydrates-fats. The study had shown a statistically significantdifference (p=0.01) between the footballers and basketballers with regard to the type of meal they consume before the trainings.Conclusion: Insufficient knowledge on the subject reflects in bad nutritional habits, especially those related to the number and arrangement of daily meals in comparison to respective sports activities.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-83
Author(s):  
Ksenia Reznikova ◽  
◽  
Maya Smolina ◽  

The object of this scientific research is art criticism, the subject is the interaction of the addressee of art criticism and a work of fine art. The aim is to study the relationship between the addressee of art criticism and a work of fine art. The conceptual analysis of the concept of "art criticism" is given, the features and structure of the text of art criticism are considered. The conceptual basis for the study was the key provisions of the theory of reflection by G.V.F. Hegel, the basic principles of the synthetic theory of the ideal D.V. Pivovarov and the concept of ideal formation, the main provisions of the theory of fine art by V.I. Zhukovsky and N.P. Koptseva. A peculiar result of scientific research is the fixation of the characteristics of various addressees of the text of art criticism ("viewer" and "artist") and the specifics of their relationship with a work of fine art through the study of the text of art criticism


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-306
Author(s):  
M. Balasanian

Based on the accumulated experience of working with students in the classroom in Russian as a foreign language, in this article, we tried to formulate the basic principles of the selection of literary texts for reading, on which the language teaching process is built. The development of intercultural competence in classes in Russian as a foreign language involves the search for new ways and methods, the effectiveness of which should become the basis for further increasing motivation to the subject.


Author(s):  
Irina MAMONTOVA

The article considers the theoretical aspects of evaluating the effectiveness of financial levers. The subject of the research is the approaches to the formation of financial levers groups and determining their impact on the economic entities activities in special (free) economic zones. The purpose of the article is to highlight the approaches to assessing the effectiveness of financial levers action. The research methodology is general scientific and special methods. The article determines the main approaches to the selection of indicators for assessing of business entities activities, taking into account the specifics of their functioning in special (free) economic zones. It is noted that today an analysis of the effectiveness of financial levers is not carried out on a regular basis, various indicators are used, and there is no systematic approach. Financial levers are an integral part of the financial mechanism and they operate in conjunction with its other elements. Therefore, the evaluation of the effectiveness of financial leverage using should be carried out taking into account the purpose of their use and the period of obtaining the expected results. Generalization of approaches to the analysis of the effectiveness of financial levers made it possible to propose to evaluate their action on the following grounds: in accordance with the sphere of manifestation of efficiency – economic, social, budgetary and environmental; in accordance with the period of obtaining the expected results – efficiency in the short, medium and long term; in accordance with the level of manifestation – efficiency at the national, regional, sectoral levels, the level of enterprises and individual specially selected territories. In accordance with the proposed system of indicators, calculations were carried out, which showed an ambiguous result of the influence of financial levers on the business entities activities. The conducted research and existing positive foreign experience made it possible propose to develop a concept for the special zones creation with a balanced system of financial levers.


Author(s):  
Jiaojiao Cheng

The subject of this research is the category of theme – one of the leading text categories that reflects the subject matter of speech and extra-textual reality. Analysis of the category of theme in the essay genre is a relevant trend in modern linguistics. The essays by V. M. Peskov, whose works are considered exemplary and representative for the scientific research in the field of humanities, serve as the materials for this article. Among the essays of the Soviet period, the essays of V. M. Peskov rightfully hold a special place and retain its relevance. The research methodology contains categorical-textual analysis based on the category of communicativeness. The novelty consists in application of the categorical-textual method towards analyzing the genre of essay, which implies a combination of uniform by means of explication textual categories, and with a high degree of objectivity, allows to determine the characterological features of the genre and functional style. The means of explication of the category of theme in the genre of essay have the following peculiarities: incorporation of several functions in a single nomination (primary, basic, principal); application of diverse additional nominations (referentially identical nominations, synonyms, taxonomic nominations, substitutions, grammatical transformations, zero nominations). The analysis of a wide range of additional nominations demonstrates that the essays by V. M. Peskov with a high degree of confidence can be attributed to the field of publicistic, fiction and colloquial styles; or in other words, the genre is at the intersection of several functional styles.


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