scholarly journals A model of the operations manual speech genre in engineering communication

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Nataliya V. Kurkan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Professional Communication ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Engineering Communication ◽  
Engineering Society ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Speech Genre ◽  
Research Challenge

The article addresses basic genre parameters of the operations manual and aims to develop its genre model within engineering discourse. Engineering communication is becoming a subject of a special focus for linguists due to its rapid development driven by dynamic changes in technology, society and industry, which results in continuous exchange of information between the members of the engineering society. Despite the significant number of studies in the field of certain institutional discourses, the genre structure of engineering discourse, one of the promising fields of communicative linguistics, is still a research challenge due to insufficient studies of the engineering discourse as well as the professional communication in general. Since discourse is embodied in certain genres, and genres, in turn, are always included into a certain discourse field, the author proposes the idea that the engineering discourse provides a number of core genres which reflect the values, strategies and information of engineering communication. The research is based on the texts of operations manuals for the equipment produced by Russian manufacturers. The analysis of genre parameters and lexical aspects has revealed a number of key characteristics of the operations manual as well as its peculiar linguistic presentation as of a specific genre of engineering communication. The analysis proves that the operation manual genre meets the primary goal of professional communication in the engineering field. The peculiar characteristics of the studied genre are determined by the professional communicative purposes and the situation. The results of the research may be used in university lectures on professional communication, cognitive linguistics and cognitive terminology studies.

scholarly journals ДИСКУРСИВНАЯ СПЕЦИФИКА ИНЖЕНЕРНОЙ КОММУНИКАЦИИ В РУССКОМ СОЦИОКУЛЬТУРНОМ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕ

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliya Kurkan ◽  
Natalya Fadeyeva ◽  
Natalia Mishankina
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
Professional Communication ◽  
Genre Studies ◽  
Social Force ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Engineering Communication ◽  
Engineering Society ◽  
Discourse Studies

Введение. Рассматривается специфика коммуникации профессионального сообщества инженеров по отношению к научному дискурсу и специфика агента такой коммуникации как одной из наиболее важных областей современной жизни, обеспечивающей технологическое развитие промышленности, научный потенциал образования. Становление профессионального сообщества инженеров связывается с зарождением и развитием промышленности как общественного фактора: XIX в. сформировал, а XX в. упрочил позицию инженера так же, как когда-то были сформированы корпоративные сообщества медиков, юристов и т. п. Однако, в отличие от последних, инженерная корпорация еще не была изучена ни в аспекте рефлексии профессионального «образа», ни в аспекте коммуникативных практик. Частично тексты профессиональной коммуникации инженеров описаны в рамках научно-технического стиля, но как самостоятельный объект исследования она практически не выступала. Материал и методы. Методологической основой работы послужили исследования в области когнитивнодискурсивной лингвистики: анализа дискурса, научного дискурса, исследования в области функциональной стилистики и жанрологии, профессионального языка и коммуникации, исследование структуры концепта. Результаты были получены с использованием методов: дискурс-анализа, текстологического, дефиниционного, компонентного и количественного анализа, данных ассоциативного словаря, анализа корпусных данных, данных поисковых систем. Материал исследования: данные энциклопедий, словарей, Национального корпуса русского языка, корпуса текстов стандартов. Результаты и обсуждение. В работе решаются две проблемы: 1) определение границ профессиональной коммуникации инженеров как самостоятельной дискурсивной области, описание ее основных параметров в аспекте институциональности, обозначены границы по отношению к научному дискурсу: цели, участники, жанровый состав; 2) определение ключевого агента этой области профессиональной коммуникации: концептуальных границ понятия «инженер», ядром которого является представление о специалисте с высшим техническим образованием, а также соотношение с понятиями «инженерия», «инжиниринг». Обозначение профессиональной области «инженерия» актуализируется в связи с усложнением структуры профессиональной деятельности инженеров, включающей не только разработку и обслуживание новых технических объектов, но и их внедрение. Заключение. Рассматриваемая долгое время как часть научно-технического дискурса инженерная коммуникация выделяется в общей системе институционального дискурса на основании определенных системообразующих параметров.The article discusses the communication specifics of engineering society in relation to the scientific discourse. It also studies the special features of the agent in the engineering communication as one of the key areas of modern life which provides the technological progress of industry as well as the research potential for education. The rise of the engineering professional society was due to the introduction and development of industry as a social force. 19th century introduced the position of the engineer which was strengthened in 20th century in the same way as the corporate societies of other specialists had been developed before. However, the corporate engineering society has not been studied yet either with the reflection of the professional image nor in the communication aspect. There are just few studies which consider the engineering communication as the texts of scientific and technical style but not as an independent object to be studied. The studies in the cognitive and discursive linguistics made the methodological basis of this paper including discourse analysis, scientific discourse studies, the research in functional linguistics and genre studies, the professional language and communication and the concept structure as well. The results were obtained by techniques of discourse analysis, textual, definition and component analysis as well as the qualitative evaluation of the associative dictionary data, the corpora analysis and the analysis of the search engine data. The materials included the encyclopaedia data, dictionaries, Russian National corpora, a body of technical standards. The paper solves the following issues: the boundaries of engineering communication as a certain discourse area, the description of key institutional parameters, the boundaries of engineering discourse against the scientific discourse: purpose, participants, the genre structure. Also, the key agent of the engineering communication was defined: the boundaries of the engineer concept, at which core the image of a specialist with a university degree is. The engineering definition is updated due to the complication and recent development of the engineering activity. The professional communication in engineering sphere traditionally regarded by Russian linguists as a part of the scientific discourse was identified as a separate institutional discourse based on certain compositionally crucial parameters.

scholarly journals Tissue-informed engineering strategies for modeling human pulmonary diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 316 (2) ◽  
pp. L303-L320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kolene E. Bailey ◽  
Michael L. Floren ◽  
Tyler J. D’Ovidio ◽  
Steven R. Lammers ◽  
Kurt R. Stenmark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Pulmonary Diseases ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Human Pathology ◽  
Chronic Pulmonary Diseases

Chronic pulmonary diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), pulmonary hypertension (PH), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), account for staggering morbidity and mortality worldwide but have limited clinical management options available. Although great progress has been made to elucidate the cellular and molecular pathways underlying these diseases, there remains a significant disparity between basic research endeavors and clinical outcomes. This discrepancy is due in part to the failure of many current disease models to recapitulate the dynamic changes that occur during pathogenesis in vivo. As a result, pulmonary medicine has recently experienced a rapid expansion in the application of engineering principles to characterize changes in human tissues in vivo and model the resulting pathogenic alterations in vitro. We envision that engineering strategies using precision biomaterials and advanced biomanufacturing will revolutionize current approaches to disease modeling and accelerate the development and validation of personalized therapies. This review highlights how advances in lung tissue characterization reveal dynamic changes in the structure, mechanics, and composition of the extracellular matrix in chronic pulmonary diseases and how this information paves the way for tissue-informed engineering of more organotypic models of human pathology. Current translational challenges are discussed as well as opportunities to overcome these barriers with precision biomaterial design and advanced biomanufacturing techniques that embody the principles of personalized medicine to facilitate the rapid development of novel therapeutics for this devastating group of chronic diseases.

scholarly journals Digital Content of Modern Media as a Sphere for the Formation of Digital Etiquette in the Context of Transmedia

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-184
Author(s):  
Marfitsyna Arina R. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Digital Content ◽  
Transmedia Storytelling ◽  
Modern Media ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Modern Mass ◽  
Transformation Processes

The topicality of the article is determined by the fact that it examines the specifics of modern digital content in the context of the transformation processes, which take place in modern media in the context of transmedia that influence the formation of digital etiquette. The rapid development of the technical and technological components of communication contributes to the constant transformation of digital etiquette and this is one of the problems of modern transmedia space, which actualizes the identification of the content features of digital content, the role of the axiological component of modern media materials, the definition of effective ways of their representation that corresponds with the needs of the modern digital audience. The aim of the research is to describe the key characteristics of digital content in modern media that promote the formation of digital etiquette. The novelty of the article is in the concept analysis of print media, television and radio broadcasting in the context of transmedia according to the approach of the general key characteristics of the current digital content that contribute to the formation of digital etiquette and have the prospect of further research. The methodological basis was the scientific works of media theorists in Russian and foreign scientific communities. During the work on the article in the field of researching the content of modern mass media and the transformation processes that take place in the media, the author used the methods of analysis and comparison, the synthesis method was applied in terms of discussing the research results, formulating conclusions. The results of the research show that today not only adaptation in the digital environment is required but also close integration with all processes of the digital development of society is necessary for the successful functioning of modern media. The typical key features for modern digital content, which are the environment for the formation of digital etiquette, were identified during the research. It includes the ability to consume content through various gadgets; creation of interactive materials that satisfy the demands of a certain audience and give the right to participate in the creation of content and to choose it; the creation of complex multi-component materials that are endowed with the features of the project and also the transmedia narrative pattern. The article represents the interest to practicing journalists, as well as to researchers in the sphere of development of digital journalism, transmedia storytelling, digital content features and digital etiquette. Keywords: journalism, digital content, mass media transformation, transmedia, storytelling, digital etiquette

A Mini-Review on Disposal of WEEE Plastics Containing PBDEs with a Special Focus on China

2014 ◽  
Vol 878 ◽  
pp. 600-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Deng ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Jin Hui Li ◽  
Hua Fen Li
Keyword(s):  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Electronic Equipment ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Electronic Industry ◽  
Mechanical Recycling ◽  
Weee Recycling ◽  
Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
The Status

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), especially pentaBDE and decaBDE have been extensively used as flame retardants in plastics of most electronic equipment. However, PBDE congeners have been found in the environment, in wildlife and in human body worldwide with evidences that they pose risks both to human health and to the entire ecosystem. China has become an important pentaBDE and decaBDE production country because of the increasing domestic demand due to rapid development of electronic industry in recent years. Although pentaBDE was phased out in 2004, decaBDE still remains in production and is used in electrical industry. Additionally, large amounts of plastics containing these pollutants from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) are generated in China each year and their disposal has been a vital environmental challenge. Machaniclal recycling, fedlock recycling and landfilling are three main means of disposal of WEEE plastics. This article reviews the production of PBDEs, the amounts of WEEE and the disposal of WEEE plastics worldwide, with a special focus on China. The state of the emission of PBDEs and highly toxic polybrominated dibenzo dioxins/furans in the process of disposal is summed up based on previous studies. This article recommends that mechanical recycling should be the main means of disposal of WEEE recycling with regards to the summaries, the current practices and the status in China.

Dynamic changes in Tangxunhu wetland over a period of rapid development (1953–2005) in Wuhan, China

Wetlands ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 1255-1261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Xu ◽  
Chunfang Kong ◽  
Chonglong Wu ◽  
Gang Liu ◽  
Hongbin Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Dynamic Changes

scholarly journals A CONTRASTIVE STUDY OF WAR METAPHOR IN RUSSIAN AND CHINESE NEWS HEADLINES OF NEW MEDIA IN THE CONTEXT OF CONCEPTUAL METAPHORS

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 76-87
Author(s):  
Bai Jie ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Contrastive Study ◽  
Human Thinking ◽  
Sports News ◽  
War Metaphor ◽  
News Headlines

Introduction. Cognitive linguistics believes that metaphor is a way of human thinking and a powerful tool for cognition. In other words, the theory of cognitive metaphor believes that metaphor is not only a rhetorical technique, but also a way of human cognition, which affects the form of human thinking. In news headlines, metaphors are even more commonly used. In the current rapid development of new media, the first visual impact of news headlines on the audience plays a vital role in the spread of articles and the amount of reading. Based on the theoretical framework of conceptual metaphor, this work compares the war metaphors in sports news headlines of Russian and Chinese of new media, attempting to analyze the similarities and differences in the use of metaphors, which helps illuminate the complex, dynamic, and nuanced functions of metaphor in cognition in sports news headlines, and in headlines of new media in particular. Material and methods. Since the 21st century, especially in the past 10 years, with the popularization of computers and the Internet, coupled with the technical support of 5G communications, new media has developed, popularized and improved rapidly.

scholarly journals On the emergence of mental space in psychology: Interview with Lucas Albert Charles Derks

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-308
Author(s):  
Lucas Albert Charles Derks ◽  
Alexandru Ioan Manea
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Cognition ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Space Research ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
The Social ◽  
International Laboratory ◽  
Mental Space

In this interview we have the chance to talk with Lucas Albert Charles Derks, founder of the International Laboratory for Mental Space Research and of the Society for Mental Space Psychology and the creator of the Social Panorama approach, about the paradigm that evolved in the last 25 years, entitled Mental Space Psychology, with roots from Cognitive Linguistics, Spatial Cognition and Neuroscience. Today we shall explore the psychotherapeutic approaches which use the Mental Space Psychology, their applicability and their limitations, with a special focus on his own approach, entitled Social Panorama.

The various facets of digital repeat photography fully exploited with the phenopix R package

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca Filippa ◽  
Edoardo Cremonese ◽  
Marta Galvagno ◽  
Mirco Migliavacca
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Climate Extremes ◽  
R Package ◽  
Seasonal Development ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
The Impact

<p>Flux towers are more and more often equipped with digital cameras (aka phenocams) widely used to track canopy greenness. Phenocam-derived vegetation indices can capture land surface phenology but also seasonality in gross primary production (GPP) estimated from eddy covariance (EC) measurements. In addition, phenocams can be used to track seasonal development of different species or individuals within the same image scene, and evaluate spatial variability within the footprint of EC measurements. Further, phenocams were recently used to quantify disturbance such as late frost, fires, storms etc. in forested ecosystems and the impact of climate extremes on ecosystem functioning. With the recent rapid development of phenocameras, the need for up-to-date, efficient, open-source software is also increasing tremendously. The phenopix R package was developed for this purpose. In this contribution, we will provide an overview of the software capabilities, with a special focus on how EC measurements can benefit from phenocam data streams.</p><p>The steps of a basic processing workflow will be illustrated, including drawing a region of interest (ROI) on an image; extracting red, green and blue digital numbers from a seasonal series of images; depicting greenness index trajectories; fitting a curve to the seasonal trajectories; extracting relevant phenological thresholds (phenophases); characterizing phenophase uncertainties. A focus will be made on recent software developments, including the calculation of camera-derived NDVI and other infrared-based indices, and the handling of shifts in the field of view of the phenocameras.</p>

scholarly journals Whatever happened to the Pacific Century?

1999 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 245-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROSEMARY FOOT ◽  
ANDREW WALTER
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Economic Model ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
The Political ◽  
New Era ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Developed World

Typical of the opposing trends that have been a part of the decade 1989 to 1999, many of the states in the Asia-Pacific in these ten years have shifted from ‘miracle’ status to crisis. From being the political and economic model for other countries in both the developing and the developed world, they now signal how best to avoid the less savoury pitfalls of rapid development. The miracle status, deriving from two decades or more of impressive growth rates on the basis of a presumed distinctive politico-economic model, was supposed to herald a Pacific Century. The key characteristics of this new era were a newfound regional coherence and a related transfer of economic and above all political power from the Atlantic community towards Asia-Pacific. The crisis, in turn, is seen as marking the end of that shift in the economic and political centres of gravity.

scholarly journals Principles of Describing a Private Rhetoric Genres System

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 01041
Author(s):  
Tatiana Anisimova ◽  
Svetlana Chubay ◽  
Natalia Prigarina
Keyword(s):  
Professional Communication ◽  
Value System ◽  
Communication Goals ◽  
Rhetorical Genre ◽  
Speech Genre

The article states that the basis of the specialist’s speech competence constitutes the ability to create appealing speech works in the required genre in accordance with the situation, the audience and the communication goals. In this regard, it is evident that the development of private rhetoric is necessary for various professional spheres. The authors describe the principles of building such rhetoric as a system of professionally significant genres and propose a specific variant of the genre model, focused on a rhetorical understanding of professional communication. This model includes not only the positions which are traditionally included in the model of the speech genre (addressee and addresser, the purpose of speech and etc.) but also the positions which are characteristic only of a rhetorical genre (the value system and composition), and, what is more, these parameters are to form a recognizable “face” of a rhetorical genre.

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