scholarly journals Prevalence of nosocomial infections in Covid-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit of Imam Khomeini complex hospital in Tehran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esmaeil Mohammadnejad ◽  
Seyed Ali Dehghan Manshadi ◽  
Mohammad Taghi Beig Mohammadi ◽  
Alireza Abdollai ◽  
Arash Seifi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Underlying Diseases

  Background and Objectives: Nosocomial infections (NIs) are an important cause of mortality and morbidity in intensive care units (ICU). Pneumonia is the most common serious manifestation of infection in Covid-19 patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of pneumonia in Covid-19 patients admitted to the ICU. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 1240 Covid-19 patients admitted for more than 48 h in the ICUs of Imam Khomeini Complex Hospital (IKCH) in Tehran for seven months in 2020 were included in the study with initial di- agnosis of Covid-19 (PCR test and chest imaging). Data were collected regarding severity of the illness, primary reason for ICU admission, presence of risk factors, presence of infection, length of ICU and hospital stay, microbial type and antibiotic resistance. In this study, the pattern of antibiotic resistance was determined using the disk difusion method. Results: In this study, 289 (23.3%) out of 1320 patients experienced NIs. 221 (76.4%) out of 289 patients had underlying diseases and the most common of which were hypertension, diabetes and heart disease, respectively. 163 patients (56.4%) were RT-PCR COVID-19 positive and 200 patients (69%) died. The majority of patients with NIs (71%) were over 55 years old. The most common type of nosocomial infection (66%) was ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAE). The most common microorganisms that cause pneumonia were Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aerugino- sa, respectively. Conclusion: Pneumonia infection is high in Covid-19 patients admitted to the ICU, it needs to be planned with the diagnosis and measures related to the control and prevention of this infection.

scholarly journals The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Nosocomial Infections in the Intensive Care Unit of a Hospital in Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-365
Author(s):  
Amir Mohammad Kazemifar ◽  
◽  
Alireza Yahyaee ◽  
Mahyar Seddighi ◽  
Maryam Soleimannejad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Study Hospital

Background: Nosocomial infections account for about one third of deaths in hospitals.  Objective: In this study, we aim to determine the factors affecting the incidence of nosocomial infections in the Intensive Care Units (ICUs) to provide more information for helping improve the prevention and treatment of these infections in the hospitals located in Iran. Methods: This is a comparative cross-sectional study conducted in 2017 on 86 patients admitted to the general ICU of  Boo Ali Sina Hospital in Qazvin, Iran. We extracted the patients’ demographic and clinical information (e.g. blood and urine culture results) from their medical records. Findings: The prevalence of nosocomial infections were reported 24.3; 38.4% of infections was related to Acinetobacter and 18.6% to Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other microorganisms. The highest antibiotic resistance in patients was to Cefepime (64%) and Ciprofloxacin (60%). Conclusion: The prevalence of nosocomial infections in the general ICU of the study hospital is relatively high with different strains and varied patterns of antibiotic resistance indicating the need for more comprehensive studies and preventive measures in the country.

scholarly journals Clinical profile, etiology, management and outcome of serum sodium disturbances in children admitted in PICU

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 2546
Author(s):  
Balaji Jayakumar ◽  
Ekambaranath Sambasivam
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care ◽  
Urine Osmolality ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Sick Children ◽  
Almost All

Background: Sodium disorders are common in children who need intensive care, they occur in variety of conditions, may remain unrecognized if not suspected and monitored and result in morbidity and mortality irrespective of primary problem. The aim of the study is to know etiology, management and outcome of sodium disturbances in sick children admitted to pediatric intensive care unit to Institute of Social Pediatrics Stanley Medical College.Methods: This is a hospital based cross sectional study. Two hundred and twenty-seven children in the age group of 1month to 12 years admitted in PICU over the period of 8 months were included in the study. Venous blood sampling is obtained from each patient enrolled in the study and is sent for estimation of electrolytes, blood urea, glucose levels. Serum osmolality (calculated), urine osmolality, urine spot sodium were done in selected patients.Results: Among the 227 children studied, 85 children had sodium disturbances that included both hyponatremia (80 children) and hypernatremia (5 children) The most common cause of hyponatremia is CNS disorder 25 patients (31.25%) followed by poisoning 17.Conclusions: Hyponatremia occurs frequently and should be looked for in all sick children. It is of hypotonic- euvolemic type in almost all the acute infections except diarrhea and should be managed accordingly. They contribute significantly to the mortality and morbidity. 

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains in the Patients Admitted to Imam Reza Hospital in Kermanshah, Iran (2016-2018)

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronak Miladi ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Zamanian ◽  
Alireza Janbakhsh ◽  
Feizollah Mansouri ◽  
Babak Sayad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Emergency Ward ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
National Programs ◽  
Standard Disc

Background: Nosocomial infections are important medical concerns in developed and developing countries. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is considered the third leading cause of nosocomial infections following Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the antibiotic resistance of isolated P. aeruginosa strains in the patients admitted to Imam Reza Hospital in Kermanshah, Iran. Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on 900 patients with positive P. aeruginosa cultures who were admitted to Imam Reza Hospital in Kermanshah, Iran during 2016-2018. Bacterial isolates were separated using laboratory tests, and the standard disc-diffusion method was used to assess antibiotic susceptibility based on the CLSI protocol. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 24. Results: The majority of the P. aeruginosa-positive cases were isolated from the emergency ward (44.3%), intensive care unit (21.9%), blood samples (40.4%), and urine samples (18.7%). The highest antibiotic resistance was observed against cotrimoxazole, ceftriaxone, ampicillin, ampicillin-sulbactam, nitrofurantoin, nalidixic acid, cefazolin, and cefixime. In addition, ciprofloxacin and imipenem were the most effective antibiotics against P. aeruginosa with the sensitivity of 68.1% and 57.2%, respectively. Conclusions: According to the results, P. aeruginosa had high resistance against antibiotics such as cotrimoxazole and ceftriaxone. Therefore, these antibiotics should be used correctly and reasonably, and epidemiological studies in this regard should be focused on proposing national programs to prevent the further spread of antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals Eosinopenia as a Marker of Sepsis in Intensive Care Unit Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-04
Author(s):  
Mesbah Uddin Ahmed ◽  
Suraiya Begum ◽  
Sheuly Ferdousi ◽  
Iqbal Hossain Chowdhury ◽  
A.N. Nashimuddin Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Eosinophil Count ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Suspected Case ◽  
Infection Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Absolute Eosinophil Count

Sepsis is one of the most common cases of mortality and morbidity in the intensive care unit (ICU). This study was done to evaluate eonsinopenia as a marker of sepsis in intensive care unit patients. This cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Clinical Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka from March 2012 to February 2013. Absolute Eosinophil Count (AEC) was done by automated cell counter and rechecked manually microscopically. In this study 74 suspected case of sepsis were enrolled from intensive care unit, BSMMU, Dhaka. Out of these patients 34 were included in the infection group and 40 in the non-infection group depending on blood culture report. The area under ROCcurve was 0.765 in current study. At the cutoff valve of AEC< 40 cell/cumm, the sensitivity and specificity of AEC for diagnosis of sepsis was 72.5% and 61.8% respectively. This present data revealed that decreased absolute eosinophil count was significantly associated with sepsis. So eosinopenia may be a reliable marker for early diagnosis of sepsis.

Prevalence of Nosocomial Infections in Intensive Care Units in Shahid Sayyad-E-Shirazi Hospital of Gorgan During 2016-2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roghieh Golsha ◽  
Nadia Ashoori ◽  
Mohammad Tajik ◽  
Ahmad Sohrabi ◽  
Maryam Montazeri
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Goals ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermis ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Understanding the pattern of infections in the intensive care unit and the correct pattern of antibiotic use is vital in reducing mortality. Identification of risk factors for nosocomial infection and preventive approaches can be effective in reducing the incidence. This study aimed to evaluate the intensive care unit (ICU) acquired infection. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on patients admitted to the ICU of Sayyad Shirazi Hospital during 2016-18. All patients' information recorded and analyzed by SPSS version 16. Results: In this study, the nosocomial infection rate was 3.5%, mostly in individuals over 60 years old. Most of the positive cultures were from two sources of urine and then blood. The organisms observed in nosocomial infections were Escherichia coli (16.9%), Staphylococcus epidermis (11.5%), Enterococci, and Enterobacter. The most commonly used antibiotics were vancomycin and then meropenem. Antibiogram results indicated the highest antibiotic resistance (100%) to cefazolin, piperacillin and clindamycin, and 96.8% to ceftriaxone. Vancomycin and amikacin had the lowest resistance. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the incidence of nosocomial infection is unavoidable, and its control is the most important health goals of medical centers. Proper treatment interventions are needed to reduce the impact of nosocomial infection.

scholarly journals Integron-Mediated Antibiotic Resistance inAcinetobacter baumanniiIsolated from Intensive Care Unit Patients, Babol, North of Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitra Deylam Salehi ◽  
Elaheh Ferdosi-Shahandashti ◽  
Yosef Yahyapour ◽  
Soraya Khafri ◽  
Abazar Pournajaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Integrase Gene ◽  
North Of Iran

Background. We investigated the integron types and their relation with antibiotic resistance amongA. baumanniiisolates collected from intensive care unit patients, Babol, north of Iran.Methods. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 73 bronchoalveolar lavage samples were obtained from patients in ICU. Susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion method. Types of integrons were identified by an integrase gene PCR.Results. In total, 47.9%A. baumanniiisolates were recovered from the BAL samples. All isolates were resistant to ceftazidime. 91.4% and 58.3% of isolates were MDR and XDR, respectively. The rate of colistin resistance with theE-test was 5.7%. Molecular analysis of class I, II, and III integrons showed that 25.7%, 88.6%, and 28.6% of the isolates carried theintI,intII, andintIIIgenes, respectively.Discussion. Our results show that different classes of integrons are commonly spread amongA. baumanniistrains and these genomic segments can play an important role in the acquisition of MDR and XDR phenotypes. So monitoring drug resistance inA. baumanniiisolates with the use ofintgene PCR is very important to plan specific infection control measures to prevent the spread of MDR-AB and XDR-AB in Iran’s hospitals.

Role of Sildenafil in the Treatment of Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of Newborn (PPHN) - Should it Be Withdrawn from Market of Bangladesh due to Threat of being Misuses

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-104
Author(s):  
Maksudur Rahman ◽  
Mohammad Abdullah Al Mamun ◽  
MAK Azad Chowdhury ◽  
Abu Sayeed Munsi
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cardiac Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cardiac Intensive Care ◽  
Hospital Protocol

Background: Recently it has been apprehended that sildenafil, a drug which has been successfully using in the treatment of PPHN and erectile dysfunction in adult, is going to be withdrawn from the market of Bangladesh due to threat of its misuses. Objective: The aim of this study was to see the extent of uses of sildenafil in the treatment of PPHN and importance of availability of this drugs in the market inspite of its probable misuses. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), special baby care unit (SCABU) and cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) of Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital from June, 2017 to May 2018. Neonates with PPHN were enrolled in the study. All cases were treated with oral sildenefil for PPHN along with others management according to hospital protocol. Data along with other parameters were collected and analyzed. Results: Total 320 patients with suspected PPHN were admitted during the study period. Among them 92 (29%) cases had PPHN. Male were 49(53 %) cases and female were 43(47%) cases. Mean age at hospital admission was 29.7±13.4 hours. Based on echocardiography,13(14%) cases had mild, 38 (41%) cases moderate and 41(45%) cases severe PPHN. Mean duration of sildenafil therapy was 11.9±7.1 days. Improved from PPHN were 83 (90%) cases. Mortality was 10% (9). Conclusion: In this study it was found that the incidence of PPHN is 29% among the suspected newborns. Sildenafil is successfull in improving the oxygenation of PPHN and to decrease the mortality of neonates. DS (Child) H J 2019; 35(2) : 100-104

Prevalence of Childhood Obesity In Northeastern Ontario: A Cross-sectional Study

2006 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Foyez Haque ◽  
Alberto G. de la Rocha ◽  
Betty Ann Horbul ◽  
Patricia Desroches ◽  
Craig Orrell
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Program Planning ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Chi Square Test

Purpose: In Canada, the incidence of childhood obesity has tripled within the past 20 years. The prevalence of obesity in the Timmins, Ontario, student population was studied to gain knowledge for program planning and resource allocation, and to compare Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria with Cole’s international criteria for childhood obesity. Methods: Anthropometric measurements of 801 students were taken. Students were chosen from randomly selected schools for each grade. Data were analyzed according to age, gender, and ethnicity. Data were also compared with other studies. Intragroup comparisons were performed using hypothesis testing for significance with the z table and chi-square test. Results: Overweight and obesity prevalence was 28% according to CDC criteria. No statistical difference was found between genders or among ethnic groups, or between this study and other Canadian studies. In comparison with the CDC criteria, Cole’s international criteria indicated less obesity and increased overweight prevalence. These differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions: The findings suggest that in the northern Ontario community of Timmins, the prevalence of childhood obesity is of epidemic proportions. When the findings are shared with different agencies, this study will help the health unit to take necessary public health measures to curb the epidemic.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and asymptomatic viral carriage in healthcare workers: a cross-sectional study

Thorax ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 1089-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Shields ◽  
Sian E Faustini ◽  
Marisol Perez-Toledo ◽  
Sian Jossi ◽  
Erin Aldera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
General Internal ◽  
Increased Risk

ObjectiveTo determine the rates of asymptomatic viral carriage and seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in healthcare workers.DesignA cross-sectional study of asymptomatic healthcare workers undertaken on 24/25 April 2020.SettingUniversity Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust (UHBFT), UK.Participants545 asymptomatic healthcare workers were recruited while at work. Participants were invited to participate via the UHBFT social media. Exclusion criteria included current symptoms consistent with COVID-19. No potential participants were excluded.InterventionParticipants volunteered a nasopharyngeal swab and a venous blood sample that were tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA and anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein antibodies, respectively. Results were interpreted in the context of prior illnesses and the hospital departments in which participants worked.Main outcome measureProportion of participants demonstrating infection and positive SARS-CoV-2 serology.ResultsThe point prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 viral carriage was 2.4% (n=13/545). The overall seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was 24.4% (n=126/516). Participants who reported prior symptomatic illness had higher seroprevalence (37.5% vs 17.1%, χ2=21.1034, p<0.0001) and quantitatively greater antibody responses than those who had remained asymptomatic. Seroprevalence was greatest among those working in housekeeping (34.5%), acute medicine (33.3%) and general internal medicine (30.3%), with lower rates observed in participants working in intensive care (14.8%). BAME (Black, Asian and minority ethnic) ethnicity was associated with a significantly increased risk of seropositivity (OR: 1.92, 95% CI 1.14 to 3.23, p=0.01). Working on the intensive care unit was associated with a significantly lower risk of seropositivity compared with working in other areas of the hospital (OR: 0.28, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.78, p=0.02).Conclusions and relevanceWe identify differences in the occupational risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 between hospital departments and confirm asymptomatic seroconversion occurs in healthcare workers. Further investigation of these observations is required to inform future infection control and occupational health practices.

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