scholarly journals An Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Detection of Antibodies to Linguatula serrata in Experimentally Infected Dogs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
AliReza Alborzi ◽  
Javad Pirkoreshk ◽  
Somayeh Bahrami ◽  
Masoud Ghorbanpoor ◽  
Mohammad Reza Tabandeh
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Linguatula Serrata ◽  
Serological Method ◽  
Infected Control Group

Background: Linguatula serrata is a causative agent of visceral and nasopharyngeal linguatulosis in humans and animals. The aim of the present study was to investigate the immune response of dogs experimentally infected by L. serrata with ELISA. Methods: Five puppies were infected by inserting the L. serrata nymphs in their nasal cavities (infected group) in the Department of Parasitology of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, during 2018-2019. Three animals were kept as the non-infected control group. Blood samples were collected from the animals for seven months at approximately monthly intervals for serum preparation. Nasal samples were taken weekly from the fourth month. ELISA was designed and performed on 64 sera (24 negatives, and 40 positives) using somatic (S), and excretory-secretory (ES) antigens. Results: Overall, 100% of the animals were infected with the parasite. Based on the results of ELISA, the ES antigen (sensitivity 95% and specificity 92%) was more preferred than the S antigen (sensitivity 95% and specificity 85%). Female parasites had significant effects on the immune response. There was a significant correlation between the clinical symptoms and the presence of female parasites (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results showed a practical method for dogs' experimental infection. ELISA method is suitable for the detection of infection at different stages of development, especially before the maturation stage of the parasite. In this regard, the ES antigen of the parasite was more immunogenic. Therefore, ELISA can be used as a serological method in the early detection and epidemiological studies of infection with L. serrata in dogs.

scholarly journals LEVELS OF PROINFLAMMATORY AND IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE CYTOKINES IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD IN PHLEGMONOUS PERITONITIS PATIENTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
L. O. Kuyun
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Acute Inflammation ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Quantitative Characteristic ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Proinflammatory Mediators ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Systemic Level

Introduction.    Among surgical diseases, peritonitis is a life-threatening pathological condition characterized by inflammation at both local and systemic levels [8]. Identifying proinflammatory mediators in peripheral blood and in peritoneal fluid and their quantitative characteristic is vital for the diagnosis. High levels of these mediators may be indicators of complications development or lethal outcome. The aim of the study – to learn the levels of proinflammatory and suppressive cytokines in the peripheral blood and compare their properties in patients with acute phlegmonous appendicitis, which causes peritonitis. Materials and Methods. The study measured levels of proinflammatory and suppressive cytokines in the peripheral blood and compare their properties in patients with acute phlegmonous appendicitis, which causes peritonitis. Blood samples from 90 patients with peritonitis and 98 healthy volunteers were analyzed. Blood cytokine content was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Vector-Best). Optical density was measured on an analyzer “Stat FAX 303 PLUS” (USA, pg/ml). The results of the study were statistically analyzed using parametrical and nonparametrical criteria using “Minitab 16” software. Colmogorov-Smirnov test was used to determine the differences between the group of patients and the control group. Key numerical data was gathered and compared using the U-criteria of Mann-Whitney, whereas the average of the two independent data sets were analyzed using the Student method. All persons who took part in the study gave their written consent as required by the bioethics committee. Results and Discussion. The research demonstrated that acute inflammation during phlegmonous peritonitis is characterized by mediator synergy between proinflammatory and suppressive potentials of the immune response at the systemic level. Significant (р<0.001) increase in the levels of proinflammatory (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) and suppressive (IL-10, TGF-β) cytokines in the peripheral blood was observed in patients with phlegmonous peritonitis. Conclusion. Acute inflammation during phlegmonous peritonitis is characterized by mediator synergy between proinflammatory and suppressive potentials of the immune response at the systemic level. Moreover, significant (р<0.001) increase in the levels of proinflammatory (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) and suppressive (IL-10, TGF-β) cytokines in the peripheral blood was observed in patients with phlegmonous peritonitis.

scholarly journals CHANGES IN SECRETION OF RAT SKIN MAST CELLS IN SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
N. V. Yaglova ◽  
S. S. Obernikhin ◽  
V. V. Yaglov
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Response ◽  
Sublethal Dose ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rat Skin ◽  
Functional Changes

Mast cells are active participants of innate immune response. Systemic immune response induces functional changes even in organs, which are not considered primary targets of bacterial or viral infections. Cytophysiology of mast cells located in organs not affected by systemic inflammatory response, like skin, is still poorly studied. Investiga- tions of this issue might elucidate some pathogenetic mechanism of skin diseases associated with previously devel- oped intestinal or respiratory infection. The aim was to investigate structural changes of rat skin mast cells in systemic inflammatory response indicative of mast cell secretion. Materials and methods: The experiment was performed on 45 male Wistar rats. Systemic inflammatory response was induced by intraperitoneal injection of sublethal dose of lipopolysaccharide E. coli (20mg/kg). The survived rats were sacrificed 1 and 7 days after injection. Serum levels of interleucine-2, 12p40, and interferon-γ were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Histological examination of abdominal skin slices, stained with hematoxilin and eosin and toluidine blue was performed. Results. The rats developed systemic inflammatory response, which attenuated on the 7th day after lipopolysac- charide injection. No significant changes in skin morphology were found. Skin mast cells demonstrated some morpho- logical and functional changes indicative of active secretion of mediators without activation of degranulation. On the 7th day mast cell cytophysiology had no significant changes compared to the control group. Conclusion. Systemic inflammatory response induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide does not activate migration of mast cells to skin, but changes their secretory processes by enhancing peace-meal degranulation.

Differential immune responses in mice infected with the tissue-dwelling nematode Trichinella zimbabwensis

2015 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 547-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.N. Onkoba ◽  
M.J. Chimbari ◽  
J.M. Kamau ◽  
S. Mukaratirwa
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Infected Control ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Infected Control Group ◽  
Tissue Migration ◽  
Th1 And Th2

AbstractTo improve diagnostic tools, immunotherapies and vaccine development for trichinellosis surveillance and control there is a need to understand the host immune responses induced during infection with Trichinella zimbabwensis, a tissue-dwelling nematode. In this study, we sought to determine immune responses induced in mice during T. zimbabwensis infection. The parasite strain used (Code ISS1209) was derived from a naturally infected crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) and is the main Trichinella species prevalent in southern Africa. Sixty 6- to 8-week-old female BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to two equal groups: T. zimbabwensis-infected (n= 30) and the non-infected control group (n= 30). Levels of serum tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-4 (IL-4) as well as parasite-specific IgM, IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG3 antibody responses were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The cytokines and antibodies provided information on T-helper 1 (Th1)- and Th2-type, T-regulatory and antibody responses. Results showed that during the intestinal stage of infection, higher levels of parasite-specific IgM, IgG, IgG1 (P <  0.05) and IL-10 and TNF-α (P <  0.001) were observed in the Trichinella-infected group compared with the non-infected control group. In the parasite establishment and tissue migration phases, levels of IgG1 and IgG3 were elevated (P <  0.001), while those of IgM (P <  0.01) declined on days 21 and 35 post infection (pi) compared to the enteric phase. Our findings show that distinct differences in Th1- and Th2-type and T-regulatory responses are induced during the intestinal, tissue migration and larval establishment stages of T. zimbabwensis infection.

Expression of Interleukins in Patients with Nasal Polyposis

2005 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Louis Voegels ◽  
Francini Grecco Melo De Pádua
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Nasal Obstruction ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Nasal Polyposis ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fourth Decade ◽  
Before And After

OBJECTIVE: To correlate the levels of interleukins 1 β, 3, 4, and 5 before and after surgery and compare the levels between patients with and without recurrence of nasal polyposis. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Thirty-nine patients with NP were selected, 13 of them allergic and 26 nonallergic. A control group of 11 individuals was also studied. The concentrations of interleukins were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: There was a higher incidence of NP after the fourth decade of life and among men. The clinical symptoms were similar in both groups of patients with nasal polyposis and characterized by nasal obstruction and anosmia. A significant reduction of all interleukins studied was observed after surgical treatment. CONCLUSION: Levels of interleukins 1β, 3, 4, and 5 were significantly reduced after surgery and the levels of interleukins 1β and 5 were significantly lower in patients without recurrence of nasal polyposis after surgery when compared to those with recurrence.

scholarly journals Serum Alpha-(1, 3)-Fucosyltransferase IV, Copper, and Zinc Levels in Patients with Colorectal Cancer and Healthy Controls

2020 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roya Abbasi Natajomrani ◽  
Durdi Qujeq ◽  
Vahid Hosseini ◽  
Reza Hajihosseini
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Serum Copper ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Copper And Zinc ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Zinc Levels

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) has no significant clinical symptoms at the early stages, and the molecular differences in the serum of the patients and healthy subjects could be assessed to identify the biological markers that indicate the detection of this cancer at the levels of the biological system. Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the concentrations of the alpha-(1, 3)-fucosyltransferase IV (FUT4) enzyme and copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) as biological elements. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 40 patients with CRC, including 20 men and 20 women. A metal-free sterile tube was used to collect five milliliters of venous blood. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on the Biotin double-antibody sandwich technology was used to measure the human FUT4 in the sera. In addition, plasma zinc and copper values were determined using Zist Chem Diagnostics kits. Results: The mean FUT4 levels in the CRC patients was slightly higher than the control group (P = 0.17), and the mean serum copper and zinc levels of these patients were lower than the control group with a significance difference in this regard (P < 0.001). In addition, the AUC of FUT4, copper, and zinc was 0.58, 0.80, and 0.77, respectively. Conclusions: According to the results, the altered levels of FUT4, copper, and zinc in the serum of the CRC patients compared to the healthy controls could be an indicator associated with the CRC disease course. Furthermore, the unusual changes in the FUT4, copper, and zinc levels may signify CRC development, which plays a key role in the diagnosis and monitoring of this cancer.

Efficiency of enterosorption in comprehensive therapy of viral hepatitis A in children

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
R.Kh. Begaidarova ◽  
◽  
Yu.G. Starikov ◽  
G.K. Alshynbekova ◽  
A.E. Dyusembaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Liver Function Tests ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
Comprehensive Therapy

Objective. To evaluate therapeutic efficacy and safety of Enterosgel adsorbent and compare it with standard therapy in children with viral hepatitis Patients and methods. This open-label, prospective, randomized, controlled trial was conducted in the Regional Hospital for Infectious Diseases of Karaganda. We examined 98 children (mean age 10.56 ± 0.36 years) diagnosed with hepatitis A. The diagnosis was verified by identification of the marker reflecting active replication of hepatitis A virus (аnti-HAV IgM) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We evaluated the dynamics of clinical symptoms and liver function tests, including total bilirubin and its fractions, as well as levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). The experimental group included 52 patients who received Enterosgel; the control group comprised 46 patients who received standard for hepatitis A therapy. Results. Enterosgel ensured more rapid resolution of clinical symptoms of acute hepatitis A and normalization of liver function tests compared to patients with the control group. This led to a shorter period of intoxication, vomiting, and jaundice, as well as to reduced ALT, and shorter in-hospital stay. Key words: hepatitis A, intoxication, jaundice, enterosorbent, Enterosgel

Fermented milk modulates immune systemic response and intestinal epithelial structure in Balb/c mice sensitized to bovine whey proteins

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-406
Author(s):  
Benaissa Yamina ◽  
Addou Samia ◽  
Dib Wafaa ◽  
Abbas Hafsia ◽  
Berouis Mama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Whey Proteins ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Epithelial Structure ◽  
Second Period

In epidemiological studies, cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA) is the most prevalent allergy for infants or young children.This study was conducted to compare the effect of Soummam and Saifi fermented milks on mice sensiti-zed to whey protein (β –Lactoglobulin and α –Lactalbumin). During 28 days, the animals from the first and second lot received via an oral way the fer-mented milks. In a second period of time, mice from the first, second lots were sensitized via intraperitoneal way using β-Lg, mice from third and fourth lot were sensitized by α–Lactalbumin. The antigenecity was deter-mined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Symptom scores were determined after in vivo challenge with β-Lg or α-Lac. Intestinal da-mage was evaluated by histological analysis. Analysis of the data revealed that the titers of anti-α-lactalbumin and anti-β-lactoglbulin IgG increased significantly in the positive control groups given Soummam and Saifi fer-mented milk (p <0.001). Moreover, in fermented milk-treated mice, signifi-cant clinical symptoms were observed. Analysis of histological sections re-vealed that fermented milk doesn’t reduce the microscopic lesions induced by β-Lg or α-Lac sensitzation. This study indicated that the administration of Soummam fermented milk can modulate effectively the immune response and protect the intestinal epithelium integrity.

scholarly journals Effect of Moxibustion on β-EP and Dyn Levels of Pain-Related Indicators in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Yingni Wang ◽  
Siyu Tao ◽  
Zeyun Yu ◽  
Yun Luo ◽  
Yuan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Routine Inspection ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic immunodeficiency disease characterized by persistent synovial inflammation, pannus formation, and bone and cartilage destruction, resulting in joint malformations and function decline. Objective. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of moxibustion on clinical symptoms and levels of pain-related indicators beta-endorphin (β-EP) and dynorphin (Dyn) in patients with RA and to explore the potential anti-inflammatory and analgesic mechanisms of moxibustion in RA treatment. Methods. A total of 64 patients with RA who met the inclusion criteria were randomly and equally classified into the control and treatment groups. The control group received conventional treatment (oral methotrexate, folate, or leflunomide prescribed for a long time). The treatment group was treated with moxibustion at ST36 (Zusanli), BL23 (Shenshu), and Ashi points with respect to the control group. Patients’ clinical symptoms and routine inspection indexes (rheumatoid factor [RF], erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR], and C-reactive protein [CRP]) were recorded before and after treatment. Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), β-EP, and Dyn were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The software SPSS24.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results. (1) Compared with the pretreatment result, both of the two groups’ clinical symptoms and routine inspection indexes (RF, ESR, and CRP) improved ( P  < 0.05), and the improvement of clinical symptoms in the treatment group outperformed that in the control group ( P  < 0.05). (2) TNF-α and IL-1β levels decreased significantly in the treatment group after treatment ( P  < 0.01), while no significant difference was observed in the control group ( P  > 0.05). (3) β-EP and Dyn levels in the treatment group were significantly increased after treatment ( P  < 0.01, P  < 0.01), but the control group showed no significant difference ( P  > 0.05, P  > 0.05). It is worth mentioning that the serum TNF-α, IL-1β, β-EP, and Dyn levels between the two groups were significantly different after 8 weeks of treatment ( P  < 0.05). (4) Differences in the serum β-EP and Dyn levels in the patients of the treatment group were correlated with TNF-α and IL-1β levels after treatment, and the correlation was mainly negative (r < 0). Conclusion. Moxibustion can improve joint pain in patients with RA using conventional western medicine. One of the mechanisms may affect the serum β-EP and Dyn levels by downregulating the inflammatory factors to play an anti-inflammatory and analgesic role.

scholarly journals Changes in the Distribution of Intrauterine Microbiota May Attribute to Immune Imbalance in the CBA/J×DBA/2 Abortion-Prone Mice Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiyu Bai ◽  
Bingqian Huang ◽  
Shuai Fu ◽  
Menglan Zhu ◽  
Lihao Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Uterine Cavity ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Immune Imbalance

Background: Female Genital Tract (FGT) is an important micro-ecological area of human body. Microbiota in the lower reproductive tract may subsequently invade the uterine cavity during embryo implantation and produce immune responses. CBA/J×DBA/2 mating combination has been widely used as an abortion-prone mice model but whether microbiota existed in their uterine cavity remains unclear. In this context, the role of the microbial communities in immune response deserves attention.Objective: To investigate the relationship between the distribution of microbiota in the uterine cavity of CBA/J×DBA/2 abortion-prone mouse model and the immune imbalance of the maternal-fetal interface.Methods: In this study, female CBA/J mice were paired with male DBA/2 mice to develop an abortion-prone model (BA group), and with male BALB/c mice to build a standard pregnancy model (BC group). The non-pregnant female mice were served as the control group (C group). Uterine flushing fluid and sera were collected on day 13.5 of pregnancy. 16S rRNA sequencing technology was used to analyze the distribution of intrauterine microbiota. Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities were conducted to predict the microbiota functions by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUST) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). The serum IL 10, INF-γ, and TNF-α levels were examined using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.Results: All samples were detected with microbial communities. The α diversity (p = 0.00077) had significant differences among three groups. Proteobacteria was the most dominant phylum in C group (mean = 83.21%) and BA group (mean = 43.23%). Firmicutes was dominant in BC group (mean = 46.4%), as well as the second dominant one in C group (mean = 12.63%) and BA group (mean = 40.55%). Microbiota functions were associated with metabolism and immune response through the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway. The serum IL 10 level in BA group were significantly lower than that in BC group (10.14 ± 1.90 pg/ml, n = 8; vs. 19.03 ± 1.82 pg/ml, n = 10; p = 0.004). The serum TNF-α and INF-γ level in BA group were also significantly higher than that in BC group (523.1 ± 58.14 pg/ml, n = 8 vs. 310.3 ± 28.51 pg/ml, n = 10, p = 0.0029; 69.22 ± 5.38 pg/ml, n = 8 vs. 50.85 ± 2.45 pg/ml, n = 10, p = 0.0042).Conclusion: Microbial communities were colonized in uterine cavity of CBA/J mice both at non-pregnant stage and pregnant stage when mated with both BALB/c and DBA/2 male mice. The differentially abundant microbiome may be attributed to the immune tolerance through binding to the NOD-like receptor.

DifferentialN-glycan- and protein-directed immune responses inDictyocaulus viviparus-infected and vaccinated calves

Parasitology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. N. J. KOOYMAN ◽  
H. W. PLOEGER ◽  
J. HÖGLUND ◽  
J. P. M. VAN PUTTEN
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Challenge Infection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Memory Response ◽  
Dictyocaulus Viviparus ◽  
Challenge Control ◽  
Protein Backbones ◽  
Antibody Levels

Calves with naturally acquiredDictyocaulus viviparusinfection mount an effective immune response. In the search for protection-inducing antigens, we found that severalD. viviparusthird-stage larval (L3) and adult ES products carry N-glycans. Deglycosylation of the worm antigens using PNGase F resulted in reduced IgA, IgE, IgG1 and IgG2 (but not IgM) reactivities in sera of primary infected animals, suggesting that the carbohydrate moieties contained immunodominant epitopes. Challenge infection resulted in increased specific serum antibody levels against ES and L3 in the re-infected and challenge control groups. Testing of sera by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) demonstrated a significant increase in IgG1 and IgE (but not IgA or IgG2) reactivity against the deglycosylated antigens in the re-infected group compared with the challenge control group. Sera from calves vaccinated with irradiated larvae showed a strong anti-N-glycan response, but no booster response against the protein backbone after challenge infection, consistent with the absence of a memory response. Together, our results suggest thatD. viviparusproteins carry immunodominant N-glycan moieties that elicit a strong but short-lived immune response during infection and after vaccination, whereas the protein backbones effectively induce a memory response which results in a long-lasting, potentially protective immune response in re-infected, but not in vaccinated calves.

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