scholarly journals Faunistic Composition and Spatial Distribution of Scorpions in North Khorasan Province Northeast of Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faranak Firoozfar ◽  
Abedin Saghafipour ◽  
Hassan Vatandoost ◽  
Mulood Mohammadi Bavani ◽  
Masoumeh Taherpour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Scorpion Sting ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Medical Entomology ◽  
Arc Gis

  Background: Scorpions pose one of the most important public health and medical problems in tropical and subtropi-cal regions of the world, especially in developing countries. This study was conducted to determine the fauna and spatial distribution of scorpions. Methods: In this descriptive study, scorpions were captured using ultra-violet (UV) light, pitfall traps and digging methods in North Khorasan Province, northeastern Iran in 2017. After being encoded, the collected scorpions were stored in plastic containers of 70% ethanol and then transferred to the medical entomology lab of Tehran University of Medical Sciences for species identification based on morphological keys. In addition, Arc GIS 9.3 software was utilized for mapping spatial distribution of scorpions. Results: Overall, 143 scorpions were captured and identified. All of collected scorpions belonged only to Buthidae family. They were also classified into four genera (Androctonus, Mesobuthus, Odontobuthus, Orthochirus) and five species: M. eupeus (59.44%), A. crassicauda (16.78%), O. doriae (12.59), M. (Olivierus) caucasicus (9.09%), and O. farzanpayi (2.10%). Furthermore, spatial distribution of scorpions was performed in this area. Conclusion: Regarding the diversity, high frequency and wide geographical distribution of scorpions and their long-term seasonal activity in this area, the probability of occurrence of scorpion sting is high. Therefore, in order to pre-vent the occurrence of this public health problem, health educational programs be implemented by health- care pro-viders in the area.

scholarly journals Associations between Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) and trachoma clustering at aggregate spatial scales, Amhara, Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Forest M. Altherr ◽  
Andrew W. Nute ◽  
Mulat Zerihun ◽  
Eshetu Sata ◽  
Aisha E. P. Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Weighted Estimates ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene

Abstract Background Trachoma is the leading infectious cause of blindness globally. The WHO has recommended the SAFE (Surgery, Antibiotics, Facial cleanliness and Environmental improvements) strategy to eliminate trachoma as a public health problem. The F and E arms of the strategy will likely be important for sustained disease reductions, yet more evidence is needed detailing relationships between hygiene, sanitation and trachoma in areas with differing endemicity. This study addressed whether the regional differences in water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) variables were associated with the spatial distribution of trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF) among children aged 1 to 9 years in the Amhara National Regional State of Ethiopia. Methods Data from 152 multi-stage cluster random trachoma surveys were used to understand the degree of clustering of trachoma on two spatial scales (district and village) in Amhara using a geographical information system and the Getis-Ord Gi* (d) statistic for local clustering. Trained and certified graders examined children for the clinical signs of trachoma using the WHO simplified system. Socio-demographic, community, and geoclimatic factors thought to promote the clustering of the disease were included as covariates in a logistic regression model. Results The mean district prevalence of TF among children aged 1 to 9 years in Amhara was 25.1% (standard deviation = 16.2%). The spatial distribution of TF was found to exhibit global spatial dependency with neighboring evaluation units at both district and village level. Specific clusters of high TF were identified at both the district and the village scale of analysis using weighted estimates of the prevalence of the disease. Increased prevalence of children without nasal and ocular discharge as well as increased prevalence of households with access to a water source within 30 minutes were statistically significantly negatively associated with clusters of high TF prevalence. Conclusions Water access and facial cleanliness were important factors in the clustering of trachoma within this hyperendemic region. Intensified promotion of structural and behavioral interventions to increase WASH coverage may be necessary to eliminate trachoma as a public health problem in Amhara and perhaps other hyper-endemic settings.

scholarly journals Scorpion sting epidemiology in Montes municipality of the State of Sucre, Venezuela: geographic distribution

1996 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo de Sousa ◽  
Stefano Bonoli ◽  
Mercedes Quiroga ◽  
Pedro Parrilla
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The State ◽  
Scorpion Sting ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Important Public Health ◽  
San Lorenzo ◽  
San Fernando ◽  
Scorpion Stings

Scorpion stings were surveyed in the Montes Municipality of the State of Sucre, Venezuela, aiming to extend the information on these poisonous accidents by characterizing their geographic distribution. From 1980 to 1990, 184 cases of scorpion stings were recorded with an incidence rate of 38.6 cases per 10,000 inhabitants. The locality of San Fernando presented the highest incidence (68.3(0)/000) of poisonous accidents. The highest percentages of severe cases were recorded in the towns of Arenas (27%), San Lorenzo (21%), and Cocollar (19%), which are located at the foot of the Turimiquire Mountains. This region is a dispersion area of scorpions of the Tityus genus. Our results show that this region of the State of Sucre is endemic for scorpion stings which are an important public health problem.

scholarly journals Faunistic study on scorpions and their health impact in Bashagard County, Hormozgan Province, Southern Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehran Shahi ◽  
Seyed Aghil Jaberhashemi ◽  
Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd ◽  
Morteza Akbari ◽  
Javad Rafinejad
Keyword(s):  
Uv Light ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Scorpion Sting ◽  
Southern Iran

Abstract. Shahi M, Jaberhashemi SA, Hanafi-Bojd AA, Akbari M, Rafinejad J. 2020. Faunistic study on scorpions and their health impact in Bashagard County, Hormozgan Province, Southern Iran. Nusantara Bioscience 13: 85-90. Scorpion sting is a major public health problem in tropical and subtropical countries, endangering thousands of lives annually. About 2300 scorpion sting cases including several deaths are reported from Hormozgan Province annually. This study aimed to determine the fauna of scorpions and epidemiological aspects of scorpion sting in one of the high-risk areas in this province. Scorpions were collected by diurnal searching and night catch using UV light during 2015-2016. Clinical and demographic data of scorpion sting were obtained from Hormozgan Health Center using the checklist of the Center for Disease Control (CDC) archive during the study period. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 21 software. A total of 382 scorpions comprising of 9 species belonging to Buthidae (76%) and Hemiscorpiidae (24%) families were collected and identified as Mesobuthus phillipsi, Androctonus crassicauda, Hottentotta sistanensis, Compsobuthus persicus, Hemiscorpius acanthocercus, Orthochirus farzanpayi, H. acanthocercus, and Odontobuthos sp. The most abundant species in the study area was M. phillipsi. During 2015-2016, a total of 1221 scorpion sting cases including four deaths were recorded in Bashagard County, while most of the cases occurring during summer. The climate of the eastern regions of Hormozgan Province provides a suitable habitat for one of the deadliest genera of scorpions, i.e. Hemiscorpius. This genus is the main cause of death due to scorpion sting in these regions. It is thus necessary to design appropriate programs for the prevention and treatment of scorpion sting, including health education programs for both community members and healthcare personnel.

scholarly journals Mapping the Spatial Variability of Sexually Transmitted Infections Across Fiji Health Regions

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Sidloski ◽  
Tayyab Shah ◽  
Elisa Toroca
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Significant Public Health

Introduction: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a significant public health problem in countries within the South Pacific, including Fiji. If untreated, curable STIs such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis can cause infertility, adverse outcomes in pregnancy, and can increase the risk of contracting HIV in infected individuals. Methods: This research used cartographic software to map and analyze the spatial distribution of selected STIs across health regions in Fiji. Total rates of STIs, as well as the prevalence of gonorrhea and syphilis specifically, were examined for the years of 2007 and 2016 to determine how spatial distribution patterns have changed over this period, and how resources might currently be most effectively mobilized to address this public health issue. Results/Discussion: Our findings suggest that while some specific regions with high prevalence rates for 2007 and 2016 should be targeted for intervention in the short term, lack of data collecting and reporting raises concerns about the accuracy of rate estimations in non-urban areas. Conclusion: Analyzing the spatial distribution of the prevalence of STIs in a given population can better inform the development and implementation of intervention strategies at local scales, thus improving health outcomes for countries and their communities. Overall, consistent and transparent STI data collection and reporting procedures are necessary for effective long-term management and minimization of STI spread in Fiji.

scholarly journals Biodiversity Species and Ecological Distribution of Scorpions in the City of Darmian, Southern Khorasan, Iran

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzad Motevalli Haghi ◽  
Mohammad Yousef Mogaddam ◽  
Ahmad Ali Enayati ◽  
Rouhullah Dehghani ◽  
Mahmoud Fazeli-Dinan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Ecological Distribution ◽  
Nocturnal Activity ◽  
Scorpion Sting ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Scorpion Stings ◽  
The City

Background and purpose: Scorpionism is a public health problem in Darmian City.  This study was conducted to determine the biodiversity and faunistic of scorpions in order to discover the health preventive features of scorpion sting among the residents of these regions.Methods: A nightly and daily actively searching on distribution and biodiversity of scorpions was carried during April 2015 to March 2016 in Darmian, Iran.Results: A total of 685 scorpions including five species belonging to buthidae family were identified. The highest abundance was observed in warmer months, and Mesobuthus eupeus (54.5%) was the most abundant species. The researchers found a positive correlation between abundance and temperature and a negative correlation between abundance and humidity. The scorpions were observed with more nocturnal activity and were well-adapted with more abundance to the plain, rural, and outdoors environments. Regarding constancy index, all species except A. crassicauda were classified as constant species (C=100). There was no significant difference in the richness of scorpions in different time collections (day or night), geographical areas (plain or mountainous), regions collected (urban or rural), and places (indoors or outdoors). The Shannon and dominant indices were found to be not significantly different between mentioned sites except in time collection.Conclusions: Species composition of scorpions revealed that scorpions were constantly active throughout the year which can play an important role in sting events. So, familiarity of healthcare experts and indigenous people with existing species and their seasonal activities can largely reduce the risk of scorpion stings.

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal distribution and associated factors of anaemia among children aged 6–59 months in Ethiopia: a spatial and multilevel analysis based on the EDHS 2005–2016

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. e045544
Author(s):  
Samuel Hailegebreal ◽  
Araya Mesfin Nigatu ◽  
Zeleke Abebaw Mekonnen ◽  
Berhanu Fikadie Endehabtu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Spatio Temporal

ObjectivesAnaemia is a global public health problem with major health and socioeconomic consequences. Though childhood anaemia is a major public health problem in Ethiopia, there is limited evidence on the spatio-temporal variability of childhood anaemia over time in the country. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the spatio-temporal distribution and associated factors of childhood anaemia using the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) data from 2005 to 2016.DesignSurvey-based cross-sectional study design was employed for the EDHS.SettingData were collected in all nine regions and two city administrations of Ethiopia in 2005, 2011 and 2016.ParticipantsThe source population for this study was all children in Ethiopia aged 6–59 months. A total of 21 302 children aged 6–59 months were included in this study.Outcome measureThe outcome variable was child anaemia status.ResultsThe prevalence of anaemia declined from 53.9% in 2005 to 44.6% in 2011, but it showed an increase in 2016 to 57.6%. The spatial analysis revealed that the spatial distribution of anaemia varied across the regions. The spatial scan statistics analysis indicated a total of 22 clusters (relative risk (RR)=1.5, p<0.01) in 2005, 180 clusters (RR=1.4, p<0.01) in 2011 and 219 clusters (RR=1.4, p<0. 0.01) in 2016, significant primary clusters were identified. The child’s age, mother’s age, maternal anaemia status, wealth index, birth order, fever, stunting, wasting status and region were significant predictors of childhood anaemia.ConclusionsIn this study, childhood anaemia remains a public health problem. The spatial distribution of childhood anaemia varied significantly across the country. Individual-level and community-level factors were associated with childhood anaemia. Therefore, in regions with a high risk of childhood anaemia, individual-level and community-level factors should be intensified by allocating additional resources and providing appropriate and tailored strategies.

CARDIAC MANIFESTATIONS OF DENGUE FEVER IN CHILDREN

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
Gaurav Choudhary ◽  
Yograj Khinchi ◽  
Chaman R Verma ◽  
Bhagwan Sahai Natani ◽  
Rakesh Bilwal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Severe Dengue ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Dengue Virus Serotypes ◽  
Dengue With Warning Signs ◽  
Cardiac Manifestations

Introduction: Dengue fever represents a signicant public health problem in tropical and subtropical regions. 70% of total cases are from Asia, especially India. Caused by 4 dengue virus serotypes( DENV-1, DENV-2 DENV-3 and DENV-4), DENV-2 being the most prevalent in India. Incidence and range of cardiac manifestations in dengue fever vary widely. Aims & objectives: To study the incidence and range of cardiac manifestations of dengue fever in children. Material & methods:This is an observational study, conducted in department of pediatrics at National Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Jaipur in study period of 18 months. A total of 94 patients were included in the study fullling the inclusion criteria. Results: The overall incidence of cardiac manifestations was found to be 31.9%. The incidence of cardiac manifestations in dengue without warning signs was 4.4%, in dengue with warning signs was 52.5% and in severe dengue was 77.7%. Conclusion: Incidence of cardiac manifestations increases with increase in disease severity

scholarly journals Arsenicosis and its management

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
NB Shakya ◽  
SL Rajbhandari ◽  
RK Deo ◽  
SM Jha
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The Body ◽  
Arsenic Toxicity ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
South East Asian Region ◽  
Environmental Media ◽  
East Asian Region ◽  
Soil And Water

Arsenic is a metalloid, a known poison as well as carcinogen that occurs naturally in earth,s crust. It is found in most of the environmental media such as air, soil and water. It enters the body through ingestion, inhalation and per cutaneous route. Health hazards of arsenic toxicity can occur as acute and chronic forms. Recently arsenicosis has emerged as a public health problem in many countries of South East Asian region. DOI: 10.3126/jcmsn.v6i3.4079Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2010, Vol. 6, No. 3 pp.58-63

scholarly journals Analysis of Malaria Incidence in Banyumas Using Spacial-Temporal Approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Supriyanto Supriyanto ◽  
Nunung Nurhayati ◽  
Dwi Sarwani Sri Rejeki
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Malaria Incidence ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽  
Spatial Clusters ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Unstable Transmission

Malaria still becomes a public health problem in Indonesia although has declined the last decades. The incidences of malaria in Banyumas shows unstable transmission and still risk of epidemic . Thus, the spatial and temporal distribution is required as part of efforts towards the elimination of malaria in Banyumas. Temporal spatial statistical methods is used to identify a group of malaria incidence at the district level. Purely spatial clusters of malaria incidence from 2004 to 2015 shows that the disease is not distributed randomly in the study area. A total of nine districts of high risk is determined by analysis of Morans I. The analysis showed that by the Morans I test, there is spatial autocorrelation found in the percentage malaria incidence from 2004 to 2015 in Banyumas. The use of the model can provide a means to detect the spatial distribution, temporal, and spatiotemporal malaria, as well as to identify areas of high risk of malaria. This research may help in prioritizing resources on high-risk areas for malaria control in the future and towards the elimination of malaria in Banyumas.

scholarly journals A critical review on vrischika visha W.S.R. to keraliya visha chikitsa

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1162-1167
Author(s):  
Shanti R Nair ◽  
Suwarna Meshram ◽  
Prasanth R Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Scorpion Sting ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Scorpion Stings ◽  
Specific Symptoms

Scorpion stings are major public health problem especially in rural parts of India. Envenomation from Scorpions if estimating on yearly basis it is about 12 lakh people per year and is responsible for nearly about 3250 deaths. There are about 1400 species of scorpions identified worldwide out of this only 53 are reported to be dangerous to humans, In India we have identified around 86 species. Poison due to insect bite is common and can be accompanied with a variety of symptoms ranging from simple itching to life threatening situations. Many may go through minor problems like swelling, tingling or numbness due to the sting. Scorpion sting usually results in severe symptoms, as its venom is more potent. Young children and older adults may require immediate treatment. Vrischikadamsha is such a specific envenomation that requires medical attention. There are ample references treatment modalities and medicines in Keraleeyavisha chikitsa granthas and ayurvedic classics which are described for managing vrischikavisha. Many of the keraliyavishagrantha are written in Malayalam hence there is a need to explore and bring out the remedies. So in this article a humble effort is made to bring out the different vrischika and treatment modalities described in keraleeyagrandhas along with the specific symptoms.

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