scholarly journals Development of an Innovative Method for Combating Blood-Sucking Diptera insects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei Engashev ◽  
Aleksey Mironenko ◽  
Fedor Vasilevich ◽  
Alexander Deltsov ◽  
Ekaterina Engasheva

This article describes an innovative method for regulating populations of blood-sucking Diptera that parasitize cows. This relates to the field of agriculture, namely to the means of protecting farm animals from insect bites, and can be used to protect farm animals from ectoparasites during the period of their grazing. To produce these products, the polymer was treated with an impregnating solution containing pyrethroid (2-26% by weight of the untreated polymer product), an inhibitor of arthropod detoxification enzyme systems (0.5-20.0%), a lubricant (0.1-3.0%) and an aliphatic ketone (5-90%). The method was simple in execution, and the insecticidal acaricidal polymer products obtained according to the method had a long shelf life of at least seven months. The products were resistant to environmental influences and did not lead to environmental pollution with excess active substances. Keywords: Ear tags, s-fenvalerate, piperonyl butoxide, Diptera

2021 ◽  
Vol 845 (1) ◽  
pp. 012094
Author(s):  
I M Novikova ◽  
O M Blinnikova ◽  
L G Eliseeva ◽  
D A Blinnikova

Abstract At present, the preservation of the consumer properties of berry products is an urgent problem. Use of fresh garden strawberries is limited by a short storage period and seasonality. Under optimal storage conditions in a normal atmosphere, the average shelf life of strawberries is from 2 to 9 days depending on the variety. To meet the needs of the population in garden strawberries and meet the physiological needs in a unique complex of biologically active substances, strawberries are subjected to different processing methods. Drying being a type of fruit and berry products processing has the following advantages: a significant increase in the shelf life of products, a decrease in the mass and storage volumes of dried berries, preservation of minerals, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, antioxidants, bioflavonoids and many biologically active compounds in berries. Modern drying technologies allow preserving the content of essential vitamins to its full extent. Comparison of two technologies for drying garden strawberries has established that vitamins and other biologically active substances are well preserved in berries. Berries dried by convective vacuum-impulse method (CVI) are recommended to be used for food enrichment.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
S.V. Engashev ◽  
◽  
F. I. Vasilevich ◽  
M.D. Novak ◽  
E.S. Engasheva ◽  
...  

Bestial flies are widely spred at various types of livestock enterprises (dairy farms, fattening farms, pig farms, sheep farms, stud farms, poultry farms) of the Russian Federa-tion; they are mechanical and biological carriers of many pathogens of infectious and invasive diseases, can cause anemia and stress in productive farm animals and young animals. The economic damage from infec-tious and parasitic diseases, the causative agents of which carry licking and blood-sucking flies, as well as from a decrease in productivity due to stress, is measured in hundreds of millions of rubles a year. In addition, high costs are required for veteri-nary, anti-epizootic and recreational activi-ties. We conducted a test to study the effective-ness of the Flyblock® food pellet bait (organization-developer of NEC Agrovet-zashchita LLC), an insecticidal and attract-ant measurement during the period of the maximum number of bestial flies on a pig farm.The food bait was tested from the sec-ond half of summer until the end of Septem-ber in three commercial pig farms of the Ryazan Region: 50 x 12 m - experimental, 5 x 12 m - control № 1 (fodder kitchen), 50 x 12 m - control № 2. In the experimental room, the Flyblock® drug granules were distributed by the rate of 5 g per 5 m2 in cardboard containers 12 x 8 cm in size with 4 cm high side walls in plac-es not accessible to animals - window open-ings. The Flyblock® pellet food bait was placed once with regular monitoring (starting from the first day and for 2.5 months) of its effectiveness against bestial flies with the obligatory re-moval of dead flies. Studies have showed the high efficiency of Flyblock® food pellets against bestial flies. The effectiveness of the the drug against licking and bloodsucking flies when keeping pigs for fattening in the premises of a com-mercial pig farm is in almost all cases of research more than 95%.


2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
A. O. Negodenko ◽  
E. V. Molchanova ◽  
D. R. Prilepskaya ◽  
P. Sh. Konovalov ◽  
O. A. Pavlyukova ◽  
...  

Relevance. Natural and climatic conditions, a variety of species composition of arthropods and vertebrates determine the possibility of circulation of arboviruses in the Volgograd region. The existence of natural foci of some arbovirus infections and the possibility of the formation of others suggests the need for annual monitoring of the causative agents of arbovirus diseases. Аim. Evaluation of the results of monitoring of arbovirus infections in the Volgograd region in 2019.Materials and methods: 806 blood serum samples from donors, 44 blood serum samples from febrile sick people, 300 blood serum samples from horses and 94 pools of blood-sucking mosquitoes were examined by immunofernal analysis. Result of the study of serum samples from donors in the Volgograd region, in 140 (17.4%) of 806 were found to have antibodies to the pathogen of West Nile fever (in 35 (4.3%) – IgM, in 105 (13.0%) – IgG), in 7 (2.2%) of 319 – to the Crimean hemorrhagic fever virus (in 4 (1.3%) – IgM, in 3 (0.9%) –IgG), and in 7 (2.9%) of 240 – IgG to the viruses of the California serogroup. Specific antibodies against viruses of Sindbis, Batai and Uukuniemi in the samples was not detected. The largest number of positive samples with the presence of IgG and IgM to the West Nile virus was found among residents of Volgograd (61 out of 240, 25.4%) and Volzhsky (25 out of 100, 25, 0%). Among 44 blood serums of febrile patients, 1 sample (2.3%) was found to contain an antigen of the Sindbis virus, and 2 samples (4.5%) – antigens California serogroup viruses. Specific immunoglobulins against West Nile virus were detected in 84 (28%) of 300 blood serums of farm animals (horses). In the study of 94 samples of field material (blood-sucking mosquitoes), West Nile virus antigen was detected in 14 (14.9%), Sindbis virus – in one sample (1.0%), Batai virus – in four samples (4.2%). Conclusions: the obtained results, along with the circulation of West Nile virus and Crimean hemorrhagic fever virus virus in the Volgograd region, indicate the presence of Sindbis, Batai and California serogroup viruses and necessitate further study of their role in the infectious pathology of the population.


2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Pavlyuk ◽  
V. Pogarskaya ◽  
K. Balaba ◽  
T. Kravchuk ◽  
A. Pogarskiy

Technologies of healthfull products - bioyogurts with unique characteristics have been developed. The new products are characterized by a high content of naturally occurring biologically active substances - phytocomponents of fruits and vegetables (carrots, lemons with zest, apples, Jerusalem artichoke), in particular, β-carotene, phenolic compounds, tannins, ascorbic acid, ie substances having antioxidants. Besides, they have a high content of prebiotic substances - soluble pectic substances, cellulose, inulin and proteins. Recent biogurts play the role of natural thickeners and structure-forming agents. This makes it possible to eliminate the need for the use in the production of bio yoghurt food additives and synthetic additives. Technologies for making bio yoghurts are based on the use of nanosized cryo-additives from nanosize with the record content of biologically active substances (BAS), whose mass fraction in cryo-additives is 2.5 - 5.0 times greater than the original fresh cheese. Obtaining the latter is based on the complex action on the raw materials of cryogenic "shock" freezing with the use of liquid and gaseous nitrogen and cryodestruction with fine grinding. When making bioyoghurts, cryoadditives act as natural enrichment agents, structure-forming agents, texture stabilizers and dyes. In addition, phytoextracts from natural spices and medicinal herbs (echinacea, coriander, burkun, oregano) are included in the formulations for the enrichment of the BAS and for longer shelf life of new bio yoghurts. Whey was used as the basis for the production of bio yoghurts. New types of bio yoghurts in terms of the content of BAS exceed the known analogues and have 2 times longer shelf life (than control samples). Technological modes of production of bioyoghurts on bench semi-industrial equipment have been worked out. New yoghurts are recommended for introduction into production at large food enterprises, in establishments of restaurant business, for individual food.


Author(s):  
А.И. Фролов ◽  
А.Н. Бетин

Жизненно важными микроэлементами для жвачных животных являются медь, цинк, марганец, железо, кобальт, йод, селен. Микроэлементы, в которых атом металла соединён и защищён белковыми молекулами, улучшают воспроизводительные качества самок за счёт повышения оплодотворяемости, уменьшения эмбриональной смертности, улучшения состояния мочеполовой системы или повышения интенсивности функционирования яичников. Поэтому в настоящее время актуальными являются разработка и внедрение в технологию кормления сельскохозяйственных животных наиболее эффективных препаратов с необходимыми биологически активными веществами. На основании проведённого исследования дано практическое обоснование использования в технологии кормления тёлок отечественной кормовой биодобавки на основе гидролизата соевого белка, витаминов и микроэлементов. Установлено её положительное действие на некоторые функции органов и систем животных. Экспериментально доказана эффективность её применения для оптимизации обменных процессов и повышения воспроизводительных функций тёлок. Так, биохимическим исследованием образцов крови подопытных животных установлено, что количество кальция и фосфора в крови у тёлок опытной группы по сравнению с контролем было достоверно выше на 2,35 и 2,9% соответственно. Эритропоэтическая фракция была более выражена у молодняка опытной группы. У тёлок опытной группы время от начала скармливания препарата до первой выраженной охоты и осеменения, по сравнению с контрольными животными, сократилось на 16%, а период от начала скармливания препарата до плодотворного осеменения – на 25,7%. Количество тёлок, пришедших в охоту и осеменённых в первый месяц, в опытной группе по сравнению с контрольной было на 43% больше. Оплодотворяемость тёлок опытной группы за учётный период составила 95%, что на 20% больше, чем у животных контрольной группы. Включение в рацион тёлок биодобавки в дозе 100 мл/гол. позволило получить дополнительно на 8,5% больше валового прироста живой массы по отношению к их аналогам. The vital trace nutrients for ruminants are copper, zinc, manganese, iron, cobalt, iodine, selenium. Microelements in which a metal atom is jointed and protected by protein molecules improve the reproductive qualities of females by increasing fertility, reducing embryonic mortality, improving the state of the genito-urinary system or increasing the intensity of ovarian functioning. Therefore the development and implementation of the most effective preparations with the necessary biologically active substances in the technology of feeding farm animals is currently relevant. On the ground of conducted research a practical substantiation of the use of domestic food supplement based on the hydrolyzate of soy protein, vitamins and trace nutrients in the feeding technology of heifers is given. Its positive effect on some functions of animal organs and systems has been established. The effectiveness of its application to optimize metabolic processes and increase the reproductive functions of heifers has been experimentally proven. Thus a biochemical blood samples analysis of experimental animals found that the amount of calcium and phosphorus in the blood of the heifers of the experimental group compared with the control was significantly higher by 2.35 and 2.9% respectively. The erythropoietic fraction was more defined in the young experimental group. In heifers of the experimental group the time from the beginning of feeding the drug to the first defined heat and insemination compared with control animals decreased by 16% and the period from the beginning of feeding the drug to prolific insemination – by 25.7%. The number of heifers that came to the heat and inseminated in the first month in the experimental group was 43% higher than the control group. The impregnation capacity of the heifers of the experimental group during the record period was 95% which is 20% more than in animals of the control group. Inclusion in the diet of heifers bioadditive at a dose of 100 ml / goal allowed obtaining additionally 8.5% more the gross body weight gain relative to their analogs.


2019 ◽  
pp. 575-579
Author(s):  
Sivkova

The study of bloodsucking dipterans, including gadflies, was conducted mainly in the 60-70s of the last century, when the rapid development of oil and gas production began and was associated with the development of means and methods for the pro-tection of humans and animals. Since then, more than 40 years have passed. Dur-ing this time, there was a noticeable warming of the climate, and due to technical progress, the anthropogenic impact on nature increased. Currently, the interest of scientists and researchers to Diptera has significantly increased. Blood-sucking two-winged insects (midges) include mosquitoes (blood line Culicidae), gadflies (blood line Tabanidae), midges (blood line Simuliidae) and biting midges (blood line Cera-topogonidae). The main factors determining the high abundance of midges are favor-able climatic conditions for their reproduction and existence in combination with the abundance of biotopes of hatching (various water bodies and marsh formations) and the habitat of the imago (presence of tree, shrub or high grassy vegetation), as well as the presence of a sufficient number of warm-blooded animals – the source of blood saturation. The damage caused by horseflies to humans and animals is very great. The aim of our work was to summarize the information in the literature about the damage caused by horseflies to farm animals and their role in the transmission of pathogens of humans and animals.


2018 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiberiu Bratu ◽  
Anca Dinu ◽  
Mihai Sandesc ◽  
Sonia Elena Popovici ◽  
Razvan Gabriel Dragoi ◽  
...  

AbstractWith time, medical and pharmaceutical research has advanced significantly. However, one of the major issues is how to administer the active substance. Among these, it counts over- or under-dosage of the active substance, low re­sponse to treatment, or increased clinical risk of the patient. An innovative method able to avoid these obstacles is represented by controlled release systems for active substances. The interest for these systems came with allowing encapsulation in the antibiotic release matrices, local anesthetics, protein or other substances. Moreover, a number of such vehicles are now available to release controlled substances used predominantly in the anesthesia and intensive care unit.


Author(s):  
R.Zh. Zhapbasov ◽  
◽  
A.A. Kornilova ◽  
A.M. Zhomartov ◽  
K.Zh. Dosybaev ◽  
...  

On the territory of the Almaty region, there are warehouses with banned and non-utilized pesticides, the active substances, and metabolites of which pollute the pastures of farm animals located nearby. Blood samples of 27 sheep from three monitoring points of the Almaty region were analyzed for the presence of genomic mutations and chromosomal aberrations. Cell cultivation and preparation of slides were carried out by standard cytogenetic techniques. The frequency of occurrence of genomic mutations in the blood system of experimental groups of animals exceeded the same indicator in the control group by an average of 1.98 times, and chromosomal aberrations - by 4.1 times. The proportion of hypodiploid cells accounted for 70% of the total number of genomic mutations. Polyploidy accounted for up to 27.9%, and hyperdiploidy was found in single cells. The calculation of indicators of general cytogenetic instability showed that hyperdiploidy and chromosomal aberrations are the main components of this indicator, which, on average in the three monitoring sites, exceeded the control data by 4.14 times. Statistical data processing allows us to conclude about the genotoxic effect of prohibited and non-utilized pesticides on the body of sheep, which have a clastogenic, aneugenic, and mutagenic effect.


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