Problems and Prospects for the Development of the Municipal Infrastructure Management System in the Russian Federation

In modern conditions, the solution of the national development tasks of the Russian Federa-tion, aimed primarily at ensuring the high level and quality of life of the population, is constrained by the inefficiency of the functioning of communal infrastructure systems. The high wear and tear of its networks and facilities, as well as the lack of effective management, pose many challenges. The root cause of these problems is in a contradictory system of government, in which municipal authorities, most interested (by their nature) in solving them, are deprived of the necessary resources and opportunities for making effective decisions. The preservation of the situation may lead in the medium term to significant budgetary costs for the restoration of serviceability and the development of communal infrastructure against the background of a further decrease in the quality of infrastructure services. There was a need to change the approach to addressing the problems. The article proposes this kind of approach, based on the redistribution of powers and giving local governments real opportunities to influence the management of communal infrastructure.

35-year experience in the functioning of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry as a State information system for monitoring the radiological consequences of the Chernobyl accident

Thirty five years ago, the All-Union Distributed Registry of Persons Exposed to Radiation as a re-sult of the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear power plant (Chernobyl Registry) was created. The Computing Center of the Research Institute of Medical Radiology of the USSR Academy of Sci-ences (Obninsk) became the core of the Chernobyl Registry. Their contribution to the creation of the registry was made by all former Soviet republics. Currently, the registry is called the National Radiation and Epidemiological Register (NRER), which is a state information system for personal data of Russian citizens exposed to radiation as a result of radiation accidents and incidents. The NRER is a multi-level system consisting of 85 regional segments in subjects of Russian Federa-tion and 4 departmental sub-registries. Currently, the NRER stores information about 811 thou-sand people, of which 751 thousand people represent the so-called “Chernobyl contingent”. The article presents the description of regulatory framework, organizational structure and technologi-cal approaches to the management of NRER. The article also describes the specific elements and subsystems of the registry that ensure the effective functioning of the NRER system for many years. The final part of the article presents the main results of research on the assessment of the radiological consequences of the Chernobyl disaster, obtained on the basis of the analysis of da-ta accumulated in the NRER for the period 1986-2020.

SURVEY OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES OF GORNY ALTAY USING UAV

The article describes a methodology for determining the boundaries of archaeological sites using GPS survey and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with subsequent registration in the cadastral record. The method of georeferencing and photogrammetric processing of orthophotomaps using a system of control points has been tested. The digital photogrammetric program Agisoft Metashape (company Agisoft LLC, St. Petersburg) was chosen for the research. By means the program an orthomosaic was obtained with georeferencing with the Local Coordinate System (LCS-04). The result of the work was the construction of topographic plans and the determination of the boundaries of archaeological sites in accordance with the "Methodology for determining the boundaries of the territories of archaeologi-cal heritage sites, recommended for use by the letter of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federa-tion No. 12-01- 39/05-AB dated 27.01.2012".

THE MECHANISM FOR CALCULATION OF PAYMENT FOR EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT TERMINATION AN THE INITIATIVE OF THE EMPLOYEE – A PROFESSIONAL ATHLETE

To study the issue of establishing a mechanism for calculating the amount of payment in the event of termination of an employment contract at the initiative of an athlete (at his own discretion). Study and logical-content analysis of legislative acts and court decisions on disputes on termination of employment contract at the initiative of a professional sportsman (at his own will); synthesis of concepts and theoretical provisions; generalization of experi-ence of foreign countries. As a results. The analysis of materials of international, foreign and domestic court prac-tice in cases of termination of employment contracts by professional soccer players at their own will allowed to establish the imperfection of the labor legislation of the Russian Federa-tion in terms of the absence of borders and criteria for establishing the amount of compensa-tion to be paid by the employee in the event of termination of the employment contract at his own will, and also allowed to determine the mechanism for calculating the amount of the said payment. It seems that it is correct from the point of view of protecting the rights and interests of professional soccer players' employees and employers-football clubs to establish at the level of the labor legislation a mechanism for calculating the amount of compensation payable in the event of termination of the employment contract at the initiative of the sportsman (at his own will). The amount of this amount should include payments similar to those included in the amount of compensation for training at the transition of a professional soccer club from one professional soccer club to another. In case of conclusion of a fixed-term employment contract with an athlete, the "price of the rupture" of the employment contract at the initiative of the employee should be the amount of his unearned wages and other agreed payments (by analogy with Art. 249 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). If an employment contract was concluded as an open-ended one, the amount of compensation to be paid should be a multiple (perhaps three times, by analogy with Art. 181 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation) the amount of wages of such employee.

ACCESSIBILITY OF APPLICATION OF GROWTH REGULATORS IN VITICULTURE

Over the past few years in the Russian Federa-tion, especially in the Krasnodar Territory and Crimea, there has been an increase in the area of vine plantations. In this regard, carrying out additional operations that increase the rooting rate and quality of grape seedlings and cut-tings is a promising direction in nursery. The use of growth substances for rooting grape cuttings has proven to be the simplest and most economical way to achieve these goals. The paper analyzes the results of studies by various authors, proving the effectiveness of the use of growth substances on a grape plant.

TECHNOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF NATIVE RED DON ABORIGINE GRAPEVINE VARIETIES

The results of technological evaluation of red Don native wine varieties of grapevine grown on ampelographic collection of the Institute are presented: Krasnostop zolotovskiy, Var-uskin, Zemledar, Stariy Gorun, Syphon Cher-niy. These varieties were used to make natural table wine samples according to the classical technology. The research was carried out in the laboratory of winemaking technology in micro-wine production. The mass of one batch of grapes was 5–10 kg. The main physical and chemical indicators of grapes, as well as giu-co-acidometric index and an indicator of technical maturity, were determined. In the prepared wine samples, the main chemical pa-rameters were determined, and an organolep-tic assessment was performed. As a control variety, Krasnostop zolotovsky was taken, which is included in the State register of vari-eties approved for use in the Russian Federa-tion. Reresults of three years of testing the conclusions about the feasibility of using vari-eties: Varuskin, Zemledar, Stariy Gorun, Sy-phun Cherniy for the expansion of production of wine with geographical status.

Institutional Framework for Forming All-Russian Identity in the North Caucasian Region: Difficulties and Achievements

Based on the content analysis of regional regulatory documents of the subjects of the Russian Federa-tion located in the North Caucasus Federal District, the paper examines the institutional framework for the formation of socio-cultural identities in order to strengthen the all-Russian (“Rossiyan”) identity in the region. The legal and institutional base data for making the analysis were: constitutions (charters), regional documents on languages, education, cul-ture, youth and ethnic politics, etc. Since the for-mation of identity is a process of socialization and education, the key research categories were defined as “language policy”, “educational policy”, “patriot-ic education”, “cultural policy”, and “youth policy”. On the basis of the analysis it was concluded that, from an institutional point of view, the integration of the federal subjects into the Russian political space is sufficient, while in the cultural sphere maintaining and reproducing of ethno-cultural specificity is ac-centuated and institutionally supported. Additional efforts on the part of federal and regional authorities are required in order to strengthen the all-Russian civil and civilizational identity in the North Caucasus.

Conceptual Aspects of Research and Forecasting the Implementation of the National Security Strategy of Russia

The present study provides the results of a theoreti-cal and methodological analysis of the problem of ensuring national security in the Russian Federa-tion. There is evaluated the strategic forecasting and planning management measures aimed at ensuring the state’s national security. The object of this study is the problem of ensuring Russia’s national securi-ty. The subject of the study is the regulatory legal system for ensuring the national security of the country: Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 683 “On the National Security Strate-gy of the Russian Federation” dated December 15, 2015; Federal Law No. 390-FZ “On Security” dated December 28, 2010; Federal Law No. 172-FZ “On Strategic Planning in the Russian Federation” dated June 28, 2014; as well as a set of other statutory documents regulating activities to ensure the na-tional security of the Russian Federation. It is con-cluded that at present there is understudied the sci-entific analysis of the problem regarding the devel-opment of a nationwide complex system within the framework of ensuring the national security of the country. Scientific research on the designated topic has shown that the forms and methods of ensuring national security, taking into account modern chal-lenges and threats, are an integral part of the system of critical technologies, which should ensure the implementation of the most important priority areas for the state, including ensuring economic, scientific and technical security.

RUSSIAN FEDERATION ARMAMENT POLICY FOR ARMED FORCES UP-GRADING

Plans of Russia to return on the international arena as a strategic power effect the aggressive foreign policy including military engagements into local conflicts all over the world. Modern armed forces is a necessary tool of such activities. The Russian Federa-tion successively increases the financial as-sets for development, production and supplies of the ordnance in the frame of the State Armament Programs (SAP) to provide efficient operation of the army. Currently two state armament programs exist in the Russian Federation: the first prepared for years 2011–2020 (SAP- 2020) and second for years 2018-2025 (SAP-2025). The two plans are complementary and the funds not used by SAP-2020 will be shifted to SAP-2025.

DEFINITION OF MASS RIOTS IN RUSSIAN CRIMINAL LAWS

The chapter 24 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is devoted to crimes against public security. Articles of this chapter represent enough effectual instruments of criminal protection of public interests and protection of a person as well. However, studying of some articles of the chapter 24 of the Criminal Code and practice of its applying show the necessity to improve prohibitions, provided by it. For example, article 212 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, despite verbalism, doesn’t give a strict idea on content of the subject of crime, provided by it. Literal interpreta-tion of the expression “mass disorder, leading with violence, demolition and arson…” allows to confirm, that subject of crime of mass disorder supposes such elements as mass disorder, violence and other actions, provided by p.1 art.212 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federa-tion, which are followed by mass disorder, completed by them, committed simultaneously. Part 3 of the article 212 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation gives the same idea, it provides punishment not only for riotous statements in mass disorder or participation in it, but for calls to violence. But what we should refer to mass disorder, which is a part of objective aspect of a crime along with riotous behavior of a crowd (violence use, arsons, demolition and so on), is anyone’s guess. However, the title of the article, its purpose, content of criminal prohibition suggest that objective aspect of crime “mass disorder” includes one systematic element, which is committing demolition, arsons, violence use towards citizens by a great number of people (by a crowd). It makes sense to improve text of the article 212 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Within the meaning of crime mentioned in it, emphasis should be turned to aggressive actions of a crowd, because they form public danger of this action. Exactly these actions (violence use , arsons, demolition and so on) are caused damages to public relations, which provide security of life, health, property of a single person or a number of people, activity of state authority and government, functioning of organizations and enterprises. To define the notion of mass disorder it is enough to point out the essence of this action in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation – the committing of some public dangerous actions by participants of the crowd. It is necessary to eliminate ineffectual stylistically and semantic expression “mass disorder, accompanying …” from the definition. Instead of it we should use a formula: “mass disorder - violence use towards a person, arsons, demolition and damage of property”. It is necessary to abandon repetitions in description of the objective aspect of mass disorder. It is obvious, that the notion “use of weapon” has a lot in common with the notion “provision of armed resistance to public authority” (it is generic term towards the latter); calling to violence towards citizens in context of the article 212 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation represent itself call to mass disorder.