scholarly journals The Impact of Cataract Surgery on Depression in Elderly Iranian Patients: A Case–Control Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiumars Norouzpour Deilami ◽  
Mohammad Ali Heidari Gorji ◽  
Seyed Hamzeh Hoseini ◽  
Asadollah Farookhfar
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Depression Score ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Cataract Patients ◽  
Iranian Patients

Background: Cataract-related vision impairment is clearly associated with depressive symptoms in old age. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cataract surgery on depression among elderly Iranian patients. Methods: In this case–control study, a total of 113 elderly patients with and without cataract who were admitted to Buali-Sina Hospital in Sari, Mazandaran, Iran were evaluated. Ophthalmological examinations were first performed at the beginning of the study and then four months later; demographic and clinical characteristics were obtained for all patients. Additionally, depression was assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) for all patients during the study period. Results: A statistically significant difference was found between the mean depression score in patients without cataract (3.28), patients with cataract surgery (3.74), and patients without cataract surgery (5.60) (P = 0.024). On the other hand, there was no statistically significant differences between the mean depression score in patients with cataract surgery and patients without cataract (P = 0.582). However, a statistically significant difference was observed between the mean depression score after cataract surgery in men (1.70) and women (4.94) (P < 0.001). Visual function improved in all bilateral cataract patients who had surgery in one eye. Also, the results of this study showed that in all unilateral cataract patients who had eye surgery, visual function in the left and right eyes improved. Conclusion: We conclude that depression is more prevalent in patients with cataract compared to those without cataract. In addition, cataract surgery seems to be associated with reduced depression and better visual acuity in elderly patients with cataract.

Effect of migraine attack on pupil size, accommodation and ocular aberrations

2020 ◽  
pp. 112067212097533
Author(s):  
Merve Beyza Yildiz ◽  
Elvin Yildiz ◽  
Sevcan Balci ◽  
Buse Rahime Hasirci Bayir ◽  
Yılmaz Çetinkaya
Keyword(s):  
Migraine Attack ◽  
Pupil Size ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Unilateral Headache ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Prospective Case Control Study

Purpose: To evaluate the pupil size, accommodation, and ocular higher-order aberrations (HOAs) in patients with migraine during migraine attacks and compare them with interictal period and healthy controls. Methods: This prospective, case–control study included 48 eyes of 24 patients with migraine and 48 eyes of 24 age and sex-matched healthy controls. Measurements were performed using a Hartmann Shack aberrometer. Accommodative responses to accommodative stimulus ranging from 0 to 5 diopters (D) in increments of 0.5 D were recorded. Spherical, coma, trefoil aberration, and root mean square (RMS) of total HOAs were assessed. Patients with migraine were measured twice during the interictal phase and during migraine attack. Results: The mean pupil size significantly decreased during migraine attack (5.85 ± 0.19 mm) compared with the interictal phase (6.05 ± 0.19 mm) in the patients with migraine ( p = 0.012). There was a significant increase in the accommodative response to accommodative stimulus of 1.5 to 5 D during migraine attack. No significant change was observed in HOAs during migraine attack. In addition, no ictal or interictal period measurements were statistically significantly different from the controls. Comparing symptomatic and non-symptomatic sides in 17 migraine patients with unilateral headache, no significant difference was found in any of the measurements in both ictal and interictal periods. Conclusion: Our results suggest the presence of a subtle oculosympathetic hypofunction in patients with migraine during the ictal period compared to the interictal period. The accommodation status of the eye seems to be affected by this autonomic dysfunction.

scholarly journals Physical and mental growth and development in children with congenital hypothyroidism: a case–control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Javad Nazari ◽  
Kimia Jafari ◽  
Maryam Chegini ◽  
Akram Maleki ◽  
Pari MirShafiei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Hypothyroidism ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Children Development ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Introduction The clinical complications of congenital hypothyroidism such as brain disorders are very subtle and are not recognizable in infancy period. They are recognizable when it is too late for treatment or prevention. General screening of newborns is effective in diagnosing congenital hypothyroidism and initiating initial treatment. The aim of this study is to compare the physical and mental growth pattern of children with congenital hypothyroidism with healthy ones. Methods This case–control study was performed on 34 patients and 68 healthy children who were matched in terms of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Children development screening test (ASQ), children development assessment test (Bayley), preschool Wechsler intelligence scale (WPPSI) and age and steps questionnaire of emotional social development (ASQ-SE) were completed by trained questioners. Data were analyzed using STATA software. Results The results indicated that there was no significant difference between the mean of verbal (P = 0.77), non-verbal (P = 0.81) and general (P = 0.66) IQ in permanent and transient patients and healthy individuals. Also, there was no significant difference between the mean of different ranges of ASQ test (including communication, delicate and large movements, problem solving and social) at 12 months and 42 months (P < 0.05). According to Bayley test, there was no significant difference between the cases (permanent and transient) and controls in the cognitive (P = 0.42) and expressive (P = 0.38) categories. The difference was significant in the perceptual (P = 0.011), large (P = 0.03) and delicate (P = 0.04) movements categories. Conclusion This study emphasized on the high effectiveness of neonate hypothyroidism screening program, so that the difference between 3.5 years old children with and without this disease has decreased significantly. Early diagnosis of the patients, while creating beneficial effects for patients and increasing quality of life, cause reduction in the long-term costs of the health system.

scholarly journals The Changes of Serum Lipids in Idiopathic Epiretinal Macular Membranes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liguo Feng ◽  
Ying Chen ◽  
Yesheng Xu ◽  
Wenjia Xie ◽  
Yi Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Group Serum ◽  
Cataract Patients

Abstract Purpose: To describe the changes of serum lipids in patients with idiopathic epiretinal macular membranes (iERMs). Methods: A retrospective, observational case control study was performed January 2015 and December 2019 in our unit. A total of 57 subjects with idiopathic epiretinal macular membranes were collected in the study. Senile cataract patients with age matched during hospitalizations were randomly collected as control group. iERMs were diagnosed based on OCT images. Comprehensive ophthalmologic examinations and Systemic examinations were performed. The changes of serum lipids were analyzed. Results: The iERMs was common in female (71.9%). Compared to control group, Serum triglycerides were higher in iERMs group (1.54 ± 0.66 vs 1.21 ± 0.50, P < 0.01). There was significant difference in BMI with iERM (23.68 ± 2.86 vs 22.50 ± 2.71, P = 0.03). After subjects stratified according whether with hypertension diseases, there was still statistical difference in serum triglycerides (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Serum triglycerides and BMI are elevated in patients with iERMs. It suggests that obese people seem to be prone to iERMs. Hyperlipemia seems to play a role in the formation of iERMs.

scholarly journals Tooth eruption sequence and dental crowding: a case-control study

F1000Research ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahid Moshkelgosha ◽  
Negar Khosravifard ◽  
Ali Golkari
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Mixed Dentition ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mandibular Canine ◽  
Dental Crowding ◽  
Control Study

When cases of dental crowding are identified and diagnosed promptly, interceptive orthodontics is particularly successful.Aim: To assess the differences in the eruption sequence of the mandibular canine and first premolar teeth in children with and without dental crowding.Materials and Methods: Children who attended the Shiraz Dental School's orthodontic clinic (Iran) from September to December 2012 were enrolled in this case-control study. Tooth size arch length discrepancy (TSALD) of all 8-10 year olds was calculated from patients’ dental models. Thirty-six children were randomly selected from those with TSALD of equal or less than 4mm (those with crowding). Each selected case was matched for sex and age with another child (as control) with TSALD>−4mm attending the same clinic, in the same time period. The existing panoramic radiographs were traced and the eruption percentages were measured for mandibular canine and first premolar teeth. The mean difference between canine and first premolar eruption percentages was compared between the case and control groups using the SPSS (version PASW 18) software and a paired sample t-test.Results: Canine and first premolar eruption percentages in the case group were 65.82±13.00 and 78.92±10.15 percent, respectively. The mean eruption percentages for canines and first premolars of the control group were 74.12±14.55 and 75.47±11.60 percent, respectively. There was a significant difference in pre-eruptive positions of canine and first premolar teeth in those with moderate to severe crowding when compared to the control group (p<0.001).Conclusion: These findings may improve the early diagnosis of children with high risk of developing moderate to severe crowding during mixed dentition.

scholarly journals Association Between Serum Cadmium and Arsenic Levels with Bladder Cancer: A Case-control Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahid Moazed ◽  
Elham Jafari ◽  
Mohammad Reza Ebadzadeh ◽  
Amin Pourzare ◽  
Hamid Reza Gharehchahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
P Value ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Study

Background: Bladder cancer is the second most common cancer of the genitourinary system and the eighth cause of cancer death. In addition to known risk factors such as smoking and urinary stones, trace elements are also effective in causing bladder cancer and other cancers. Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the association between bladder cancer and the carcinogens cadmium and arsenic. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 40 patients with bladder cancer admitted to Shahid Bahonar Hospital and a control group of 40 healthy individuals in Kerman, Iran, in 2018. The serum levels of arsenic and cadmium were measured by atomic absorptiometry. The paired t-test and chi-square tests were employed to assess the difference between cases and controls groups. An unadjusted and 2 multivariable conditional regression models were separately adjusted on sex, family cancer history, residence, occupation, and smoking and were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) to assess the association between arsenic and cadmium levels and bladder cancer. The statistical software SPSS version 26 and R software version 3.6.3 were used to perform the statistical analyses. Results: The mean cadmium level was 2.99 ± 1.45 and 2.59 ± 0.46 in the case and control groups, respectively, with no statistically significant difference between the groups (P = 0.100). The mean arsenic level was 2.12 ± 1.04 and 1.43 ± 0.73 in the case and control groups, respectively, demonstrating a statistically significant difference between the groups (P = 0.001). Unadjusted and adjusted conditional logistic regression models indicated significant association between arsenic levels and bladder cancer (unadjusted: odds ratio (OR) (95% CI): 0.66 (0.46 - 0.94), P-value = 0.022; adjusted: OR (95% CI): 0.64 (0.44 - 0.92), P-value = 0.018). Conclusions: Overall, cadmium and arsenic levels are higher in patients with bladder cancer, with a statistically significant difference for arsenic. However, these elements are not interrelated and are not related to other factors.

scholarly journals Platelet Count In Preeclampsia

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Razia Sultana ◽  
SM Fazlul Karim ◽  
Farhana Atia ◽  
Shahnila Ferdousi ◽  
Selina Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Control Study

Preeclampsia is one of the most leading causes of maternal mortality in developing countries like Bangladesh. Several studies have demonstrated the relationship between platelets count and preeclampsia. The aim of the study was to assess the association of platelets count with preeclampsia. A case control study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from July 2010 to June 2011. A total number of 100 pregnant women in third trimester of pregnancy attending in Obstetrics & Gynaecology Department of Dhaka Medical Hospital were selected as study subjects. Among them 50 diagnosed cases of preeclampsia were selected as cases and 50 normal healthy pregnant women as controls. Platelet count was measured in all study subjects. The mean platelet count in cases and controls were 1,44,260±96,472 and 1,98,100±51,219 respectively. The present study showed significant difference of mean platelet count between cases and controls. The study revealed that low platelets count is associated with preeclampsias. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdnmch.v18i2.16018 J. Dhaka National Med. Coll. Hos. 2012; 18 (02): 24-26

scholarly journals Rainfall-Associated Bronchospasm Epidemics: The Epidemiological Effects of Air Pollutants and Weather Variables

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kambiz Masoumi ◽  
Maryam Haddadzadeh Shoushtari ◽  
Arash Forouzan ◽  
Ali Asgari Darian ◽  
Maryam Dastoorpoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Weather Variables ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Epidemiological Effects ◽  
Control Study

Background. This study compares different risk factors in patients visiting a hospital during five rainfall-associated bronchospasm epidemics in Ahvaz and those visiting on other occasions.Methods. This case-control study was conducted on 5307 patients with bronchospasm admitted to the Emergency Department of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ahvaz (Iran) from late October to December (as the epidemic) and 916 patients admitted from late January to March (as the nonepidemic) in 2011 to 2015.Results. A total of the 41.7% of the cases and 48.8% of the controls had episodes of bronchospasm, suggesting a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.001). The mean concentrations of PM10, NO, NO2, and NOxpollutants (except O3) were significantly higher in the nonepidemic periods (P<0.05). The adjusted analysis showed a direct significant relationship between emergency respiratory admissions and each unit of increase in NO and SO2concentration during the epidemic periods and NO2concentration during the nonepidemic periods. During the epidemic periods, a direct and significant relationship was also observed between respiratory admissions and each unit of increase in relative humidity and evaporation.Conclusion. The results suggest that certain pollutants and weather variables are associated with the risk of emergency respiratory admissions during epidemic periods.

scholarly journals Association of Serum 25-Hydroxyl Vitamin D Deficiency and Age-Related Cataract: A Case-Control Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Marwa Mahmoud Abdellah ◽  
Engy Mohamed Mostafa ◽  
Eman Hassan Salama ◽  
Eman Roshdy Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Severe Deficiency ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Cataract Patients

Purpose. To study the relation between the serum 25-hydroxyl vitamin D (OH D) level and the occurrence of age-related cataract in a case-control study. Patients and Methods. 325 cataract patients and 385 control individuals of both sexes were examined for the 25-OH D level using the chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) technology. Results. Mean 25-OH D level in cataract patients was 7.6 ± 5.5 ± 11.2 ng/mL and median was 5.6 (2.6–31.9), while in the control group, mean 25-OH D level was 18.5 ± 9.6 ng/mL and median was 17.8 (3.4–37.8) (p value < 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference among the different types of cataracts with the lowest level in nuclear cataract. Conclusion. 25-OH D levels in all enrolled individuals were below the reference levels with a severe deficiency in cataract patients. These results might highlight the role of deficiency of 25-OH D in age-related cataract patients.

Association of Serum Homocysteine Level and Interstitial Lung Disease in Systemic Sclerosis: A Case-control Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-78
Author(s):  
Mohammadali Nazarinia ◽  
Asghar Zare ◽  
Mohammad javad Fallahi ◽  
Mesbah Shams
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Homocysteine Level ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lung Involvement ◽  
Serum Homocysteine ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Control Study

Background:Systemic sclerosis is a disorder of connective tissue with unknown cause, affecting the skin and internal organs, characterized by fibrotic changes.Objective:To determine the correlation between serum homocysteine level and interstitial lung involvement in systemic sclerosis. </P><P> Materials and Methods: In this case – control study, 59 patients who fulfilled the ACR/EULAR classification criteria for systemic sclerosis and were referred to Hafez Hospital of Shiraz, Iran, were included as the case group. Fifty nine healthy subjects were involved as the control group. Patients were divided into two groups based on interstitial lung involvement and two subtypes, diffuse and limited type. Serum homocysteine, vitamin B12, and folate levels compared between the controls, and cases groups.Results:Of 59 case and control group, 53 (%89.8) were female and the mean age did not differ in both groups (P=0.929). Thirty five (%59.3) patients had interstitial lung involvement and 38(%64.4) had diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis. The mean serum homocysteine level was 13.9±6.3 µmol/L in the case and 13.7±9.2 µmol/L in the control group (P=0.86). The mean serum homocysteine level did not differ between the patients with and without interstitial lung involvement (P=0.52). The patients with lung involvement was older than those without lung involvement (P=0.004). Lung disease was more common in diffuse type (P=0.014).Conclusion:In our study, serum homocysteine level did not differ between the patients and healthy subjects. Also, there was no correlation between serum homocysteine level and lung involvement, but lung involvement was more common in older patients and also diffuse subtype.

Risk factors associated with subacromial pain in young athletes: A case control study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Zoran Z. Sarcevic ◽  
Andreja P. Tepavcevic
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Sternoclavicular Joint ◽  
Pectoralis Major ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Serratus Anterior ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lower Trapezius ◽  
Control Study

BACKGROUND: Subacromial pain (SAP) is a common complaint of young athletes, independently of the sport engaged. The prevalence of SAP in some sports is up to 50%. OBJECTIVE: The study was aimed to investigate some new factors possibly associated to subacromial pain in young athletes. The factors considered were the grade of tightness of the clavicular portion of the pectoralis major, dysfunction of the sternoclavicular joint, and serratus anterior and lower trapezius strength. METHODS: This case-control study included 82 young athletes 9–15 years, 41 with the symptoms of SAP and 41 controls. All participants self-reported whether they had subacromial pain. In addition, Hawkins–Kennedy Test was performed to all the participants to evaluate the subacromial pressure. Main outcome measures were the grade of tightness of the clavicular portion of the pectoralis major, dysfunction of the sternoclavicular joint, and serratus anterior and lower trapezius strength. The grade of tightness of the clavicular portion of the pectoralis major and the dysfunction of the sternoclavicular joint were measured with an inclinometer. Serratus anterior and lower trapezius strength were measured by a handheld dynamometer with external belt-fixation. The data were analyzed using t-test for independent samples, Mann-Whitney U test, contingency coefficients and a stepwise binary logistic regression. RESULTS: Significant statistical difference was observed in the grade of tightness of the clavicular portion of the pectoralis major and in the variable representing the physiological functioning of the sternoclavicular joint, between the cases and the controls. There was no significant difference in serratus anterior and lower trapezius strength between the cases and the controls. Logistic regression analysis showed that the variable representing the physiological functioning of the sternoclavicular joint and the grade of shortening of the clavicular portion of the pectoralis major were good predictors for presence of SAP. CONCLUSIONS: A strong association was determined between subacromial pain in young athletes, clavicular portion of pectoralis major tightness and the dysfunction of the sternoclavicular joint.

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