scholarly journals COVID-19 and Behavioral Economics: Certain Aspects of the Causes of Irrational Behaviour During a Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-121
Author(s):  
Maksym Synytsya
Keyword(s):  
Behavioural Economics ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Conditional Cooperation ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Work Effectiveness ◽  
Practical Research ◽  
Methods Of Synthesis ◽  
Irrational Behaviour ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Material Values

The aim of this article is to reveal the main reasons for the irrational behaviour of economic agents during the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic in terms of behavioural economics and opportunities for change such a behaviour.The article reveals the approaches that were used in 2020 and continue to be used today as the main ones to prevent the spread of coronavirus infection. Despite the existence of such prescriptions, the infection continues to spread and causes negative socio-economic consequences.Thus, the main reasons, the resistance of citizens to the measures recommended by governments around the world and the manifestation of deviant behaviour among the seemingly “rational” economic agents were analyzed.The main reasons and possible factors for changing such a behaviour are the postulates of behavioural economics, such as the effect of reinforcement effect, conservative bias, confirmation bias, conditional cooperation, the preference of beliefs consonance.In addition, this paper provides a brief overview of some post-material values of Ukrainian society based on global research and offers an assessment of the dependence of these values on the incidence of COVID-19 and an explanation in terms of behavioural economics.The article notes that the presence of certain established views on the “normality” of preventive antivirus measures may affect the propensity or the lack of propensity to adhere to the necessary protective behaviour by economic agents.The research methods are descriptive, analytical, methods of synthesis and comparison. As a result of the analysis, the article proposes a comprehensive approach to men’s behaviour during the pandemic according to behavioural economics.The study concludes that the main task to improve the effectiveness of preventive measures for the spread of COVID-19 today is to understand the causes of irrational behaviour in new circumstances in terms of behavioural economics and apply the theory of “pushing” or “nudging” to form positive social economic change. It is suggested to use this paper for further and deeper practical research of certain aspects of changing people`s behaviour for better work effectiveness and wellbeing. JEL classіfіcatіon: D03, A13

scholarly journals Nudging people out of poverty

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dani Penders ◽  
Dorian Bauschke ◽  
Jan Guldemond
Keyword(s):  
Behavioural Economics ◽  
Income Shocks ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Irrational Behaviour

New insights within the field of behavioural economics have led to the discovery of irrational behaviour of economic agents. The concept of ‘nudging’ is one approach to tackle this irrationality. Weillustrate that behavioural economics could be especially helpful for tackling poverty, as the lives of the poor make them very vulnerable to income shocks. Also, the poor constantly deplete their mentalresources. Moreover, we discuss ethical regulations for policies based on behavioural economics, centered around the idea of transparency. Finally, we present ideas scholars have put forward thatcould be used to tackle poverty by using behavioural economics and evaluate them from our own perspective.

scholarly journals MONETARY IDENTIFICATION OF A PERSON AS A PRODUCT OF DISSEMINATION OF VALUES OF WESTERN CIVILIZATION

Skhid ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Tatiana BEZPROZVANNA
Keyword(s):  
Modern World ◽  
Consumer Society ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Economic Man ◽  
Methods Of Synthesis ◽  
Inductive Methods ◽  
Western Values ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Material Values

The article is devoted to the problem of monetary identity, which needs a detailed study in the context of the transformation processes of the modern world. The relevance of the study is that the identity of modern man is becoming unsteady. In seeking guidance for constructing one’s own “Self”, a person finds himself at a crossroads. They lose the identity they had from birth as members of traditional society and are forced to build it independently. The article reveals the preconditions for the emergence of an identity crisis in the context of the development of capitalism and the formation of the economic man. The purpose of the article is to determine the peculiarities of the formation of monetary identity, which has become essentially a by-product of the spread of Western values. To achieve this goal, a structural-functional analysis of social interactions of the subjects of identification has been conducted, as well as general scientific methods of synthesis and generalization of materials, analysis, comparison, deductive and inductive methods, etc. have been used. The main features of monetary identity are that a person begins to be guided by one’s own selfish principles, and money becomes the main value for such a person, appearing as a universal value that is equivalent to all other material values. In the modern world, monetary identity appears as a global and unstable one, it is formed artificially and serves the modern market for profit within the consumer society. It is concluded that in the modern world, money not only serves to improve the objective circumstances of life, but also becomes a means of achieving public recognition. The problem of monetary identity is especially relevant for Ukraine as a country that focuses on the Western type of management with its achievements, values and at the same time problems, and therefore requires further research.

scholarly journals Role of telemedicine in cancer service Republic of Bashkortostan

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
M.V Zabelin ◽  
◽  
A.A. Izmailov ◽  
R.T. Ayupov ◽  
R.R. Rakhimov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Telemedicine Service ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. The topic of telemedicine in Russia is now extremely relevant in connection with the current coronavirus infection in the pandemic. Diagnostics and prevention of the spread of epidemics, as well as remote treatment of patients, is currently the main task of the telemedicine section of the provision of cancer care in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The spread of the coronavirus infection COVID-19 has become a new challenge and a powerful impetus for the rapid development of telemedicine technologies (TMT) in the Republic. Materials and methods. The article describes in detail the algorithm for conducting telemedicine consultations (TMC) at the level  doctor-doctor  in the profile  oncology  upon requests from medical organizations of levels 1, 2, 3 received through the Republican Medical Information and Analytical System of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Results. The results of the work of the Republican clinical oncological dispensary (RСOD) telemedicine service for 2020 are presented. RСOD consultants conducted 32,295 telemedicine consultations on the  oncology  profile directed by medical organizations of the 2nd and 3rd levels of the Republic of Bashkortostan. With the introduction of TMK into the oncological service of the Republic of Bashkortostan, there was a natural shortening of the examination time for cancer patients. The remote appointment of the necessary examinations one day prior to a full-time visit to a specialized RKOD specialist made it possible to shorten the time frame from the time of establishing an oncological diagnosis to the oncological consultation and the beginning of specialized treatment. Conclusions. The widespread introduction of telemedicine in the work of the oncological service of the Republic of Bashkortostan may turn out to be a powerful tool for providing quality care while maintaining patient safety in a pandemic. The impact of the pandemic could turn teleoncology into the main practice of providing outpatient medical care for cancer patients.

scholarly journals Analysis of the 2020 crisis and its consequences in the Kaluga region

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolay Komarov ◽  
Tatiana Kondratenkova
Keyword(s):  
Regional Economy ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Regional Administration ◽  
Force Majeure ◽  
Methods Of Synthesis ◽  
Economic State ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Kaluga Region ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
The Impact

The end of 2019 will be remembered for the discovery of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19, which has become a major challenge for all of humanity. The ongoing pandemic has provoked a crisis in all spheres of life and is continuously changing the global economic, political, social and other processes, forcing us to adapt to the introduced precautions. Using a logical and systematic approach to research, applying methods of synthesis and content analysis of the press, electronic media and communication, as well as scientific articles, the authors analyzed the impact of the COVID-19 coronavirus infection pandemic on the economic state of the Kaluga Region. The main socio-economic indicators are considered in dynamics and the most important spheres of the region's economy are analyzed in more detail. Assumptions have been made about how the restrictive measures designed to reduce the growth of cases affected the life-supporting processes of the region. The migration processes of the population were considered, and the change in the standard of living was assessed. How the coronavirus has affected the health sector is reflected. It has been analyzed whether the forecast of industrial production can be realized taking into account the current conditions. Taking into account the fact that a cluster model of development is being implemented in the region, the current indicators of the two leading directions: pharmaceutical and automotive, and their possibilities for the restoration of the regional economy with their help are reviewed. It was revealed that in the local Kaluga production of a large international pharmaceutical company, it is possible to implement part of the research to create a vaccine against coronavirus infection COVID-19. Based on the data processed in this article, it can be concluded that the diversification of the regional economy, which the regional administration adheres to, is bearing fruit in the current force majeure conditions. And the clustering of industry and preferential terms of permission for investors in such times have become especially relevant.

Behavioural Economics: A New Driver of Strategic HRM

2020 ◽  
pp. 263145412097724
Author(s):  
Sanket Sunand Dash
Keyword(s):  
Prospect Theory ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Behavioural Economics ◽  
Strategic Human Resource Management ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Compensation Management ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Economic Choices

Strategic human resource management (SHRM) aims to leverage a firm’s human resource base to create economic value for an organisation. In order to create economic value, firms must understand the actual behaviour of economic agents. Behavioural economics aim to understand the real, as distinct from theoretical, behaviour of humans when making economic choices. Hence, behavioural economics is central to a firm’s implementation of SHRM. However, despite the strong theoretical relationship between SHRM and behavioural economics, the actual research on the use of behavioural economics is fragmentary and inadequate. This article traces the roots of behavioural economics to prospect theory and identifies the basic concepts—comparison to a reference point, risk aversion and loss aversion—underlying prospect theory. The applications of these basic concepts in HRM are elucidated and the current research linking behavioural economics to HRM is presented. With respect to HRM, the current research on behavioural economics is most relevant to compensation management. Based on the discussion regarding application of behavioural economics in HRM, the article concludes by identifying future areas of research in the application of behavioural economics to HRM and scope for mutual exchange of knowledge between researchers and practitioners.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF THE PROCESSES OF THERMAL DESTRUCTION OF CELLULOSE-CONTAINING (PAPER) WASTE

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
O.B. Sezonenko ◽  
O.O. Vasechko ◽  
V.V. Aleksyeyenko ◽  
A.V. Snihur
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Destruction ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Solid Residue ◽  
Carbon Formation ◽  
Laboratory Installation ◽  
Paper Waste ◽  
Practical Research ◽  
Pyrolysis Gases ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Materials of practical research work on thermal destruction of paper waste were presented. The main task was The comprehensive study of the aspects of carbon formation on the basis of analytical studies was considered, as well as using a specially built laboratory installation — a waste graphitizer. Research has been carried out on the effectivity of application of pyrolysis gases of the process as fuel to maintain the temperatures of the thermal destruction reaction. Practical examples have proved the possibility and expediency of using the solid residue of the reaction as a component in various fields of production. Bibl. 10, Fig. 1, Tab. 3.

scholarly journals Символы и ценности современной российской молодежи: антропологический анализ на примере Костромской и Владимирской областей

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-36
Author(s):  
Н.А. Белова
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
Regional Centers ◽  
Younger Generation ◽  
Material Values ◽  
Near Future

Современные проблемы и вызовы диктуют обществу необходимость более внимательно относиться к формированию жизненных ценностей у подрастающего поколения. Свойственные молодости протестность и бунтарство, а также тенденция участия в несанкционированных митингах, количество которых за последнее время существенно увеличилось, заставляют общество изучать причины подобного поведения, а также цели, ценности и приоритеты современной молодежи России в целом. Главной задачей научных трудов является выявление истинных проблем, которые волнуют молодое поколение и заставляют бунтовать против норм и устоев общества. Именно поэтому социально-антропологические исследования приобретают особую общественно-политическую значимость, показывая первопричины того или иного феномена поведения. Основной задачей этого исследования была попытка выявить приоритеты, ценности и основные трудности, присущие молодым жителям провинциальных областных центров, а также их главные цели на ближайшее будущее. В результате исследования мы выяснили, что материальные сложности и проблемы бытового характера заботят молодежь больше, чем ценности самовыражения и свободы. Тем самым наше исследование косвенно подтвердило существование общей проблемы Центральной России – депопуляции населения. Молодежь больше ориентирована на решение материально-бытовых задач, чем на общественно-политическое участие или духовный рост, который реален только в городской местности. В провинциальных городах молодежь более скромная и менее решительная в своих действиях, а желание противостоять обществу в общем количестве ответов респондентов незначительно, вероятно, это следствие более консервативного и строгого воспитания в семьях, ведь большинство студентов-участников опроса жители малых городов и поселков. Приоритетными для этой части молодежи остаются фундаментальные жизнеобеспечивающие цели и задачи – трудоустройство и жилищный вопрос. Немаловажное значение имеют также проблемы повышения минимального размера труда, заботы о старшем поколении и медицинского обслуживания. Current problems and challenges require society to pay attention to the values of the younger generation. At the same time, the youth is known to be prone to rebel and protest and tend to take part in unauthorized rallies, which have become significantly more frequent in recent years. This provokes the interest of the society to study the current values and priorities of the Russian youth. The main task is to identify the problems that worry the younger generation and cause them to rebel against society. That is why socio-anthropological studies of young people’s behavior acquire a particular socio-political significance. This study aimed to identify the values and main difficulties of the youth in provincial regional centers and their goals for the near future. The study revealed that material values and welfare problems concern young people more than self-expression and freedom. And thus, our study indirectly confirmed the importance of another problem in Central Russia - the depopulation of the local population. Unresolved problems of housing and social and financial well-being are forcing the younger generation to migrate to more comfortable places to live. Young people are more focused on their welfare problems than participation in social and political life. The youth responded to political topics with difficulty and tried to choose “correct” options rather than be honest. In provincial cities, young people are more modest and less decisive in their goals. The total result of the survey revealed a reluctance to confront social norms, which is probably the consequence of a conservative and strict upbringing. Employment and housing remain primary global life goals for the youth. Minimum wage, caring for the older generation and medical care are also important.

Raman And Fluorescence Spectra Observed in Laser Microprobe Measurements of Several Compositions in the Ln-Ba-Cu-O System

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-279
Author(s):  
Edgar S. Etz ◽  
Thomas D. Schroeder ◽  
Winnie Wong-Ng
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Spectra ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ceramic Powders ◽  
Conventional Solid State Reaction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Raman Microprobe ◽  
Methods Of Synthesis ◽  
Compositional Homogeneity ◽  
Processing Techniques

We are investigating by Raman microprobe measurements the superconducting and related phases in the LnBa2Cu3O7-x (for x=0 to 1) system where yttrium has been replaced by several of the lanthanide (Ln = Nd,Sm,Eu,Ho,Er) elements. The aim is to relate the observed optical spectra (Raman and fluorescence) to the compositional and structural properties of these solids as part of comprehensive materials characterization. The results are correlated with the methods of synthesis, the processing techniques of these materials, and their superconducting properties. Of relevance is the substitutional chemistry of these isostructural systems, the differences in the spectra, and their microanalytical usefulness for the detection of impurity phases, and the assessment of compositional homogeneity. The Raman spectra of most of these compounds are well understood from accounts in the literature.The materials examined here are mostly ceramic powders prepared by conventional solid state reaction techniques. The bulk samples are of nominally single-phase composition as determined by x-ray diffraction.

Tailoring microstructures of materials through biomimetics

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 500-501
Author(s):  
Mehmet Sarikaya ◽  
Ilhan A. Aksay
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Design And Synthesis ◽  
Structure Sensitive ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Methods Of Synthesis ◽  
Successive Level ◽  
Engineering Materials ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties ◽  
Synthesis Of Materials

Biomimetics involves investigation of structure, function, and methods of synthesis of biological composite materials. The goal is to apply this information to the design and synthesis of materials for engineering applications.Properties of engineering materials are structure sensitive through the whole spectrum of dimensions from nanometer to macro scale. The goal in designing and processing of technological materials, therefore, is to control microstructural evolution at each of these dimensions so as to achieve predictable physical and chemical properties. Control at each successive level of dimension, however, is a major challenge as is the retention of integrity between successive levels. Engineering materials are rarely fabricated to achieve more than a few of the desired properties and the synthesis techniques usually involve high temperature or low pressure conditions that are energy inefficient and environmentally damaging.In contrast to human-made materials, organisms synthesize composites whose intricate structures are more controlled at each scale and hierarchical order.

Relative Importance of Leader Influences for Subordinates’ Proactive Behaviors, Prosocial Behaviors, and Task Performance

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan S. Chiaburu ◽  
Troy A. Smith ◽  
Jiexin Wang ◽  
Ryan D. Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Transformational Change ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Contingent Reward ◽  
Work Effectiveness ◽  
Leader Influence ◽  
Member Exchange ◽  
Proactive Behaviors ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Transactional Leader

We meta-analytically examine the relationships between three forms of leader influence, contingent reward (transactional), leader-member exchange (LMX; relational), and transformational (change-oriented) on subordinates’ proactive behaviors. Using non-self-reported data from a combined sample of more than 9,000 employees, we confirm positive relationships between leader influences and employee proactive outcomes. We examine the extent to which one leadership influence is stronger than the others in promoting subordinate proactivity. By combining our new meta-analytic data with existing meta-analytic correlations, we further investigate the extent to which various leadership predictors are differentially related to proactive and prosocial contextual performance, and to task performance. For all outcomes, there are only minimal differences between the contingent reward, LMX, and transformational leadership predictors. Using our results, we propose future research directions for the relationship between leader influences and subordinate work effectiveness.

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