scholarly journals ALIRAN MU�TAZILAH DALAM LINTASAN SEJARAH PEMIKIRAN ISLAM

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Mawardy Hatta
Keyword(s):  
Flow Pattern ◽  
Islamic Theology ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
The People ◽  
Liberal Thought

One school of Kalam/Islamic theology that once flourished in antiquity was Mu'tazila flow. Flow pattern known as rational and liberal thought that was growing and evolving so rapidly and peaked in the Abbasid era in particular Khalifah Al- Ma'mun because of the support and protection of the khalifah. But then, the glory and the gold period did not last long, it eventually flew into decline. It was caused by a variety of factors, most importantly; they had done violence coercion and even torture of a number of scholars in the event of al - mihnah when imposing the concept of "Al-Quran beings". The violence was bad for the flow Mu'tazila antagonizing people. They were followed also by the beginning of a new stream of traditional and more moderate, Ash'arite. This stream got a lot of sympathy among the people. The Mu'tazila flow was progressively weaker and eventually disappear from the Islamic world.

THE CONCEPT OF INTELLIGENCE AND REVELATION IN THE MU’TAZILAH SCHOOL OF THOUGHT

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Hanan
Keyword(s):  
Word Of God ◽  
Islamic Theology ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
The People ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
Subject And Object ◽  
The Relationship

The school of Mu'tazilah thought in the development of Islamic thought is a very interesting and significant study. It is interesting, because the Mu'tazilah school is the oldest and the largest school of Islamic theology that has played an important role in Islamic world thought. Another interesting thing is that Mu'tazilah is a representation of the consciousness of the Islamic world in its progress and modernity. Intellect is the power of thought to understand something, in which there is a possibility that the understanding gained by reason can be wrong can also be true. Revelation is the word of God conveyed to his prophet both for himself and to be conveyed to the people. Knowledge is the relationship between subject and object, while science is knowledge that has been scientifically tested and the truth is clear. Reason and revelation are used to gain knowledge for mankind. Between reason and revelation there is a space where both can meet and even interact with each other and there is a space where they must separate. At the time the revelation recommended the development of science and the preservation of culture by providing space for freedom for reason to think dynamically, creatively and openly, there was a meeting space between reason and revelation. So that the relationship between reason and revelation is not contradictory but is very related between one another, even both of them perfect each other

Public Administration in the Islamic World: Considering the Importance of Religion, its Values and Culture

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-38
Author(s):  
Daniel Hummel
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Core Values ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Religious Values ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Salient Region ◽  
The People ◽  
Comparative Public Administration

A small but growing area of public administration scholarship appreciates the influence of religious values on various aspects of government. This appreciation parallels a growing interest in comparative public administration and indigenized forms of government which recognizes the role of culture in different approaches to government. This article is at the crossroads of these two trends while also considering a very salient region, the Islamic world. The Islamic world is uniquely religious, which makes this discussion even more relevant, as the nations that represent them strive towards legitimacy and stability. The history and core values of Islam need to be considered as they pertain to systems of government that are widely accepted by the people. In essence, this is being done in many countries across the Islamic world, providing fertile grounds for public administration research from a comparative perspective. This paper explores these possibilities for future research on this topic.

scholarly journals TEOLOGI MU’TAZILAH: Sebuah Upaya Revitalisasi

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-48
Author(s):  
Safii Safii
Keyword(s):  
Science And Technology ◽  
Large Contribution ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Islamic Theology ◽  
Negative Image ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Modern Context ◽  
Freedom Of Thought

This article elaborates an important role in the history of Mu'tazila theology in the Islamic World. Services that have been provided by this school seems to be forgotten by the Muslims, even it became despised and persecuted theology. In fact, this theology has made a large contribution in defending against attacks originating from the Jews, Christians, Zoroastrians, and Materialist. In the modern context, the spirit of this theology is relevant to be recalled that the freedom of thought as an integral part of the human being can grow and develop so that science and technology in the Islamic world can grow back. It must be recognized that this is indeed the flow had already given a negative image by traditional Islamic theology and hadith experts. Theology is imaged as a carrier of heresy

scholarly journals Konsep Khilafah Menurut Sayyid Quthb dan Taqiyuddin Al-Nabhani dalam Perspektif Syiasyah Syar’iyyah

PALAPA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-284
Author(s):  
Nurhadi Nurhadi ◽  
Mawardi Dalimunthe
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
The People ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

The purpose of this study is to find out the concept of khilafah according to Sayyid Quthub and Taqiyuddin al-Nabhani, differences and legal basis. This study is a library model, with primary data sources, the Zhilalal-Qur'anic Tafseer and Nizham Al-Hukmi Fi Al-Islam and qualitative descriptive analysis methods. The result is the thought of the concept of khilafah according to sayyid Quthub: 1). The concept of the ruler / caliph, that who becomes the ruler of the choice of the Muslims, acts in absolute freedom, but that person gets the authority because he constantly applies the law of Allah Almighty. 2). The Islamic government system, the Supra Nasional government (the unity of the entire Islamic world). 3). The pillars of his Islamic government: a). Justice of the ruler; b). People's obedience; c). Consultation between the people and the authorities. Thought of the concept of the Caliphate according to Taqiyuddin Al-Nabhani: 1). The concept of the ruler / caliph is a person who represents the Ummah in government affairs and power and in applying syara 'laws. 2). The system of government is khilafah. 3). The pillars of his Islamic government: a). Sovereignty in the hands of syara '; b). Power of the people; c). To appoint a legal Caliph fardlu for all Muslims; d). Only Khailfah has the right to carry out tabanni (adoption) against syara 'laws; e) The Caliph has the right to make constitutions and all other laws. The differences in the concept of khilafah are both: 1). According to Sayyid Quthub, if the ruler fails, then the ruler can be dismissed if the Muslims are no longer satisfied with him. This statement gives a signal that the people get rid of the rulers who no longer fulfill their functions (zhalim rulers). It is different from the opinion of Taqiyuddin al-Nabhani. An Amir al-mu'minin (Khalifah), even though he is responsible before the people and his representatives, but the people and their representatives are not entitled to dismiss him. Nor will the Caliph be dismissed, except when deviating from Shara law. The one who determined the dismissal was only the Mazhalim court. 2). The system of Islamic government according to Sayyid Quthub does not question any system of government in accordance with the system of conditions of society, but this government is characterized by respect for the supremacy of Islamic law (shari'ah). Whereas According to Taqiyuddin Al-Nabhani that the system of Islamic government is khilafah. 3). The pillars of Islamic government according to Sayyid Quthub and Taqiyyuddin al-Nabhani, points three parts a and b at the above conclusions are: 1). Sayyid Quthub: a). Justice of the ruler; b). People's obedience; c). Consultation between the people and the authorities. 2). Taqiyyuddin al-Nabhani: a). Sovereignty in the hands of syara; b). Power of the people; c). To appoint a legal Caliph fardlu for all Muslims; d). Only Khailfah has the right to do tabanni (adoption) against the laws of shara; e). The Caliph has the right to make constitutions and all other laws. The legal bases for determining the Caliphate according to both: 1). The legal basis for the establishment of the Caliphate according to Sayyid Quthub: 1). Ruler, Qur'an Surah (2) al-Baqarah verse 30; 2). Islamic Government System, Qur'an Surah (24) an-Nur verse 55; 3). Pillars of Islamic Government, Qur'an Surah (4) an-Nisa 'verse 58. 2). The legal basis for the establishment of the Caliphate according to Taqiyyuddin al-Nabhani: 1). Ruler, hadith of Muslim history from Abu Said Al khudri, Hadith no. 1853 and Muslims from Abdullah Bin Amru Bin Ash, Hadith no. 1844; 2). Islamic Government System, Al-Qur'an surah an-Nisa '(4) verse 59, an-Nisa' (4) verse 65. Muslim, saheeh Muslim, volumes, 3 pp., 1459 and 1480; 3). Islamic Pillars of Government al-Qur'an surah An-Nisa (3) verse 65, and Surah An-Nisa (3) verses': 5.

scholarly journals MEMPOSISIKAN SANTRI DALAM PEMIKIRAN LIBERAL KEAGAMAAN DI INDONESIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Saifuddin Saifuddin
Keyword(s):  
Social Problem ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Religious Liberalism ◽  
Liberal Thought

A religious reaction against modernity has opened our eyes, that an argumentation in the thought zone at the end enters the empiric zone. As a result is a horizontal conflct that meets a fundamentalist and radical islamic group facing a tolerant Islamic group and has liberal thought. Islamic liberalism indeed is not always identical with the western liberalism, but has a strong tradition in islamic world. The root of thought which becomes an argument in islamic world apparently is too close in santry those who get traditional and old-fashioned stereo type all this time. Pesantren has a strenght in overcoming the modernisation crash by the high of adaptive, tolerant and humanis character level, which can be chategorized as an islamic liberal. It is obviously that the thought character comes from the islamic teaching with rahmatan lil alamin character. This study shows the positive response shown by shalafih madrasah toward modernity, also the ability to assert self identity at once as pesantren’s heir in the middle of the crowded of consumtive culture. Inside the resource owned by shalafih madrasah, this study fids the root of religious liberalism thought which is represented by the deep religious science, passion and desire they have to develop sience. And a point should be highlighted here is not seeing a social problem from a black and white view.

scholarly journals The Philosophical Proof for God’s Existence between Europe and the Islamic World: Reflections on an Entangled History of Philosophy and Its Contemporary Relevance

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Rudolph ◽  
Roman Seidel
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Cosmological Argument ◽  
The West ◽  
Islamic Theology ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Ontological Proof ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

AbstractThe Argument for God’s Existence is one of the major issues in the history of philosophy. It also constitutes an illuminating example of a shared philosophical problem in the entangled intellectual histories of Europe and the Islamic World. Drawing on Aristotle, various forms of the argument were appropriated by both rational Islamic Theology (kalām) and Islamic philosophers such as Avicenna. Whereas the argument, reshaped, refined and modified, has been intensively discussed throughout the entire post-classical era, particularly in the Islamic East, it has likewise been adopted in the West by thinkers such as the Hebrew Polymath Maimonides and the Medieval Latin Philosopher and Theologian Thomas Aquinas. However, these mutual reception-processes did not end in the middle ages. They can be witnessed in the twentieth century and even up until today: On the one hand, we see a Middle Eastern thinker like the Iranian philosopher Mahdī Ḥāʾirī Yazdī re-evaluating Kant’s fundamental critique of the classical philosophical arguments for God’s existence, in particular of the ontological proof, and refuting the critique. On the other hand, an argument from creation brought forward by the Islamic Theologian and critic of the peripatetic tradition al-Ghazāli has been adopted by a strand of Western philosophers who label their own version “The Kalām-cosmological Argument”. By discussing important cornerstones in the history of the philosophical proof for God’s existence we argue for a re-consideration of current Eurocentric narratives in the history of philosophy and suggest that such a transcultural perspective may also provide inspiration for current philosophical discourses between Europe, the Middle East and beyond.

scholarly journals The Dynamics of The Democratic Process In Legal Politics In Indonesia And Egypt

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahrowi Nahrowi ◽  
Masyrofah Masyrofah ◽  
Nurul Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Transition Period ◽  
The State ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
The People ◽  
Government Power ◽  
Head Of State ◽  
The Media ◽  
Democratic Systems

The implementation of democratic systems in several Muslim countries has obstacles. This is due to the development of people's thinking patterns about understanding democracy itself. Islam as a religion emphasizes the establishment of harmonious relations in the life of the state, but when applying the relationship of Islam and democracy in the life of the state does not necessarily be smooth at the level of practice. Ideally a country that runs a democratic system has a higher level of community participation in developing the country. But on the other hand, It faced with the reality of the problems in implementing democratization in the Islamic world. There are countries that are claimed to succeed as democratic countries, generally after going through a transition period of transfer of government power. But on the contrary, not a few countries that have not or are not ready to accept change as a process of democratization are actually trapped in the struggle for power and lead to conflict and violence. Therefore it is important to discuss about the challenges and obstacles of democratization in the Islamic world. With a normative-empirical approach, this article aims to analyze the problems of the democratization process in two Muslim countries, namely Indonesia and Egypt. This study found that the process of democratization as a part of legal politics system in Muslim countries must adapt to the culture and political conditions of each country. The challenges of the democratization process in Indonesia and Egypt, namely the media, ideology, natural resources, common vision and mission in developing the country, strong commitment from all components of the nation, political will of the head of state related to power sharing and strengthening dialogue with the people. While the obstacles are prolonged political, economic and social instability making it vulnerable to the emergence of conflict and violence, political, cultural and religious sectarianism, authoritarianism, internal and external conflicts.

Meaning in Islamic philosophy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Leaman
Keyword(s):  
Greek Philosophy ◽  
Islamic Philosophy ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
The People ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Right

The discussion of the notion of meaning in Islamic philosophy is heavily influenced by theological and legal debates about the interpretation of Islam, and about who has the right to pronounce on interpretation. The introduction of Greek philosophy into the Islamic world produced a new set of authorities on how to interpret texts, and this led to arguments over the potential benefits of the new approaches as compared with the traditional Islamic sciences. The discussion came to centre on the nature of ambiguity, equivocation and analogy, with different philosophers adopting diverse theories and thus attaining a variety of conclusions about how to interpret meaning. These variations have powerful implications for the understanding of their thought. Not only do the different approaches result in different conclusions, they also represent different approaches to the whole philosophical enterprise. The topic of meaning is not so much an aspect of Islamic philosophy as an interpretation of how to do Islamic philosophy itself. The main issues focus on identifying the people best qualified to interpret texts, valid interpretations of the texts, and the notion of meaning that should be employed in our understanding of the texts.

scholarly journals IDE SEKULARISASI THOHA HUSEIN

ALQALAM ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (74) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
`H.M. Yunus Ghozali
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
The People ◽  
The Impact

At the beginning of the 20th century, there were many statement/ideas declared by moslem scientist in Islamic world. Some of the ideas were from Thoha Husein. Unfortunately, only few people who concerned about it. Most people, especially moslem, tend to avoid the ideas which is not suit with development then.Nowadays, at the end of the 20th century, people back to Islam. Many_ people began to learn and gain knowledge of Islam . Its ideas and tradition start to be applied as a way of li fe. This phenomena is organized by moslem scientist movement. The impact are in every places and society. Not only  in  social institution  such as mosque, schooletc, but also in the offices and social organization. The changes show that people still beleve in Islam. So that the people especially moslem scientist, realize and concern about the commitment, discipline and Islamic education . They want Islam to be applied  in real life.When people back to  Islam,  they  start  to  analyze and use the ideas of moslem scientist, including Thoha's ideas. And as ideas, Thoha's statement are not always right and absolute.  Its changeable.  The ideas is opened for criticism. And this is something  great  that  we  can find  in  Islam.   As  long  as  still  hold  in  the  principles of Islam, everybody free to express their idea. And al­though there are many different opinion and ideas but we see it as one, "Unity and Diversity ".

scholarly journals Sources for a Prehistory of Ethnology in the Islamic World: Ibn Battuta’s Travels through Asia and Africa (1325-1354)

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1025
Author(s):  
Marko Pišev
Keyword(s):  
The West ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The People ◽  
Intellectual Traditions

Within the discipline, the historical roots of ethnology and anthropology are most often traced through European antiquity, the enlightenment and the modern intellectual traditions of the West. Even though this view is somewhat justified (in that it follows a clear continuity in the development and scientification of the discipline in western universities), it, perhaps unintentionally, leaves out the intellectual efforts of Islamic thinkers and travelers, who had also, in their time, encountered various forms of "cultural otherness" and strived to represent and interpret them to their own readers. This paper focuses on Ibn Battuta’s decades of travel through Muslim lands – and beyond – and is envisioned as a theoretical experiment the purpose of which isilluminating the significance of Ibn Battuta’s writings, not only for the historical but also for the contemporary aspects of our discipline.It is a reflection on the ethnographic aspect of Ibn Battuta’s writings about the people and cultures which he encountered in his travels.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document