THE CONCEPT OF INTELLIGENCE AND REVELATION IN THE MU’TAZILAH SCHOOL OF THOUGHT

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Hanan
Keyword(s):  
Word Of God ◽  
Islamic Theology ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
The People ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
Subject And Object ◽  
The Relationship

The school of Mu'tazilah thought in the development of Islamic thought is a very interesting and significant study. It is interesting, because the Mu'tazilah school is the oldest and the largest school of Islamic theology that has played an important role in Islamic world thought. Another interesting thing is that Mu'tazilah is a representation of the consciousness of the Islamic world in its progress and modernity. Intellect is the power of thought to understand something, in which there is a possibility that the understanding gained by reason can be wrong can also be true. Revelation is the word of God conveyed to his prophet both for himself and to be conveyed to the people. Knowledge is the relationship between subject and object, while science is knowledge that has been scientifically tested and the truth is clear. Reason and revelation are used to gain knowledge for mankind. Between reason and revelation there is a space where both can meet and even interact with each other and there is a space where they must separate. At the time the revelation recommended the development of science and the preservation of culture by providing space for freedom for reason to think dynamically, creatively and openly, there was a meeting space between reason and revelation. So that the relationship between reason and revelation is not contradictory but is very related between one another, even both of them perfect each other

“Beholding the Man”: Viewing (or is it Marking?) John’s Trial Scene alongside Kitsch Art

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-264
Author(s):  
Andrew P. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Devotional Art ◽  
The People ◽  
Subject And Object ◽  
Ecce Homo ◽  
Small Stories ◽  
John's Gospel ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Point Of Departure

One of the grand scenes of the Passion narratives can be found in John’s Gospel where Pilate, presenting Jesus to the people, proclaims “Behold the man”: “Ecce Homo.” But what exactly does Pilate mean when he asks the reader to “Behold”? This paper takes as its point of departure a roughly drawn picture of Jesus in the “Ecce Homo” tradition and explores the relationship of this picture to its referent in John’s Gospel, via its capacity as kitsch devotional art. Contemporary scholarship on kitsch focuses on what kitsch does, or how it functions, rather than assessing what it is. From this perspective, when “beholding” is understood not for what it reveals but for what it does, John’s scene takes on a very different significance. It becomes a scene that breaks down traditional divisions between big and small stories, subject and object as well as text and context. A kitsch perspective opens up possibilities for locating John’s narrative in unexpected places and experiences. Rather than being a two-dimensional departure from the grandeur of John’s trial scene, kitsch “art” actually provides a lens through which the themes and dynamics of the narrative can be re-viewed with an expansiveness somewhat lacking from more traditional commentary.


scholarly journals ISLAM DAN DEMOKRASI

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Muhammad Taufik ◽  
Ardillah Abu
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Political System ◽  
Abraham Lincoln ◽  
The West ◽  
The People ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Islamic Values ◽  
Islam And Democracy

Democracy is a word that is very popular among the people, almost all levels of society know and understand the meaning of democracy well. Democracy is part of a political system and government which, according to Abraham Lincoln, is defined as government by the people, to the people and for the people. Democracy is one concept that comes from the West. Democracy was only included in the treasury of Islamic thought in the mid-19th century because it was considered to have good values ​​for life and not conflict with Islamic values. Therefore, they tried to find the equivalent of the word democracy in Islamic teachings, then the term shura was found. In the discourse and studies on the relationship between Islam and democracy, there are three opinions expressed by Islamic thinkers and figures about the relationship between Islam and democracy. First, there is no separation between Islam and democracy. Democracy is inherent or an integral part of Islam. Second, between Islam and democracy have conflicting relations. Third, in the relationship between Islam and democracy the third group does not accept it fully and does not reject it completely. This polemic of thought is then analyzed and studied further in accordance with the cultural context of Indonesian society.

scholarly journals Menguak Hal-Hal Penting Dalam Pemikiran Filsafat al-Kindi

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-206
Author(s):  
Havis Aravik ◽  
Hoirul Amri
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Greek Philosophy ◽  
Philosophical Thinking ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
History Of ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe history of Islamic thought is inseparable from the transformation of knowledge from cultural thoughts outside of Islam, including Greek philosophy. The project was initiated by the Abbasids and reached its peak when power was held by the Caliph al-Harun Ar-Rasyid and al-Makmun. The most meritorious person and considered the first philosopher in the Islamic world was al-Kindi. This article discusses important matters in al-Kindi's philosophical thinking. With the aim to find out how the philosophical thinking of al-Kindi. This article uses library-based qualitative research with a qualitative descriptive approach and technical descriptive analysis and content analysis. The results of this study show that al-Kindi was a philosopher who brought philosophy into the Islamic world. The things in al-Kindi's thinking are the relationship between Religion and Philosophy, divinity philosophy, philosophy of soul, mind, and spirit, infinity to the concept of reason.Keywords: al-Kindi, Philosophy, God, Spirit, and Intellect. AbstrakSejarah pemikiran Islam tidak lepas dari transformasi ilmu dari pemikiran-pemikiran kebudayaan di luar agama Islam, termasuk filsafat Yunani. Proyek tersebut digagas oleh Bani Abbasiyyah dan mencapai puncaknya ketika kekuasaan dipegang oleh Khalifah al-Harun Ar-Rasyid dan al-Makmun. Orang yang paling berjasa dan dianggap filosof pertama dalam dunia Islam adalah al-Kindi. Artikel ini membahas tentang hal-hal penting dalam pemikiran filsafat al-Kindi. Dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pemikiran filsafat al-Kindi. Artikel ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif berbasis kepustakaan (library research) dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dan teknis analisis deskriptif dan content analysis. Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa al-Kindi merupakan seorang filosof yang membawa filsafat ke dalam dunia Islam. Hal-hal dalam pemikiran al-Kindi adalah hubungan Agama dan Filsafat, filsafat ketuhanan, filsafat jiwa, akal dan ruh, ketakterhinggaan sampai konsep akal.Kata Kunci: al-Kindi, Filsafat, Tuhan, Ruh dan Akal.

scholarly journals ARKOUN AND ORIENTALISM: AN APPROACH TO UNDERSTANDING THE NATURE OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MODERNITY AND ORIENTALISM

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (06) ◽  
pp. 129-140
Author(s):  
Nora REDJATI ◽  
Ameziane WASSILA
Keyword(s):  
The West ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
History Of ◽  
Oriental Studies ◽  
Intellectual Production ◽  
Reading History ◽  
Linguistic Approaches ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Modern Era

With th rise of the Western renaissance in the modern era and the subsequent advanced material civilization The intellectual struggle began between the West and the East, and Western intellectual production began to be concerned with Islam and Islamic heritage, And this production was found among the children of the Islamic world who are fascinated by this Western civilization One of the results of this civilization shock was that the Muslim modernists adopted the views of the Western Orientalists, and these oriental studies contributed to defining the positions of Muslim scholars, As some of them took a stance against the West, and some of them took this break with the Islamic heritage and adopted the positions of the West, And some of them revisited himself after this adoption and examined his assumptions with this thought, even if this examination was late, and this is the case of Muhammad Arkoun. The intellectual works of Muhammad Arkoun were known for their adoption of the approaches and axioms of Western thought, so that he called the group of his ideas what is known as criticism of the Islamic mind Considering that his modernist discourse is the intellectual alternative to the Orientalist discourse in Islamic thought, believing that his epistemological effort is an endeavor to enlighten Islamic thought, From this standpoint, the thought of Muhammad Arkoun faced a lot of criticism in the Islamic intellectual circles, and he was accused that his writings in their entirety are marketing the Orientalist discourse with a modernist vision, In contrast to this Islamic attack on Muhammad Arkoun, the reader may be surprised by his writings, especially the latter, when he finds him showing a kind of criticism of Orientalism, accusing him of shortcomings, and defaming him for the presence of the positivist and philological-linguistic approaches strongly in his studies, If we wish, we would say that Arkoun's recent books contain a desire to transcend the Orientalist discourse. This appears in his books such as: Islamic Thought, Criticism and Ijtihad, Towards a Comparative History of Monotheistic Religions, Islamic Thought, Scientific Reading, History of Arab and Islamic Thought... and other of his writings. Which makes a legitimate question about the nature of the relationship between Arkoun - as a model of the modernist school - with Orientalism. And about the real reasons that made him stand in a controversial position, Once, the Orientalist discourse adopts its evaluative approach and vision of the Islamic heritage, Once he criticizes him, accuses his approach of sterility, and blames him for failing to find solutions to the problems in which the Islamic world is stumbling.

scholarly journals ALIRAN MU�TAZILAH DALAM LINTASAN SEJARAH PEMIKIRAN ISLAM

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Mawardy Hatta
Keyword(s):  
Flow Pattern ◽  
Islamic Theology ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
The People ◽  
Liberal Thought

One school of Kalam/Islamic theology that once flourished in antiquity was Mu'tazila flow. Flow pattern known as rational and liberal thought that was growing and evolving so rapidly and peaked in the Abbasid era in particular Khalifah Al- Ma'mun because of the support and protection of the khalifah. But then, the glory and the gold period did not last long, it eventually flew into decline. It was caused by a variety of factors, most importantly; they had done violence coercion and even torture of a number of scholars in the event of al - mihnah when imposing the concept of "Al-Quran beings". The violence was bad for the flow Mu'tazila antagonizing people. They were followed also by the beginning of a new stream of traditional and more moderate, Ash'arite. This stream got a lot of sympathy among the people. The Mu'tazila flow was progressively weaker and eventually disappear from the Islamic world.

Anthropomorphism in Islam

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livnat Holtzman
Keyword(s):  
Formative Period ◽  
Literary Analysis ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Islamic Theology ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
The Road ◽  
Political Struggles ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
The Way

More than any other issue in early and medieval Islamic theology, anthropomorphism (tashbīh) stood at the heart of many theological debates. These debates were not purely intellectual; they were intrinsically linked to political struggles over hegemony. The way a scholar interpreted the anthropomorphic descriptions of God in the Qur’an and the Hadith (for instance, God’s hand, God’s laughter or God’s sitting on the heavenly throne) often reflected his political and social stature, and his theological affinity. This book focuses on aḥādīth al-ṣifāt – the traditions that depict God and His attributes in an anthropomorphic language. The book reveals the way these traditions were studied and interpreted in the circles of Islamic traditionalism which included ultra-traditionalists (the Hanbalites and their forerunners) and middle-of-the-road traditionalists (Ash’arites and their forerunners). The book presents an in-depth literary analysis of aḥādīth al-ṣifāt while considering the role of the early scholars of Hadith in shaping the narrative of these anthropomorphic texts. The book also offers the first scholarly and systematic presentation of hand, face, and bodily gestures that the scholars performed while transmitting the anthropomorphic traditions. The book goes on to discuss the inner controversies in the prominent traditionalistic learning centres of the Islamic world regarding the way to understand and interpret these anthropomorphic traditions. Through a close, contextualized, and interdisciplinary reading in Hadith compilations, theological treatises, and historical sources, this book offers an evaluation and understanding of the traditionalistic endeavours to define anthropomorphism in the most crucial and indeed most formative period of Islamic thought.

Public Administration in the Islamic World: Considering the Importance of Religion, its Values and Culture

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-38
Author(s):  
Daniel Hummel
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Core Values ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Religious Values ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Salient Region ◽  
The People ◽  
Comparative Public Administration

A small but growing area of public administration scholarship appreciates the influence of religious values on various aspects of government. This appreciation parallels a growing interest in comparative public administration and indigenized forms of government which recognizes the role of culture in different approaches to government. This article is at the crossroads of these two trends while also considering a very salient region, the Islamic world. The Islamic world is uniquely religious, which makes this discussion even more relevant, as the nations that represent them strive towards legitimacy and stability. The history and core values of Islam need to be considered as they pertain to systems of government that are widely accepted by the people. In essence, this is being done in many countries across the Islamic world, providing fertile grounds for public administration research from a comparative perspective. This paper explores these possibilities for future research on this topic.

PERSOALAN KEHIDUPAN KONTEMPORER: MENGGAGAS KAJIAN SACHEDINA TENTANG THEOLOGI PLURALISME

EMPIRISMA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Limas Dodi
Keyword(s):  
Religious Pluralism ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Common View ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
Muslim Majority ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Religious Differences

According to Abdulaziz Sachedina, the main argument of religious pluralism in the Qur’an based on the relationship between private belief (personal) and public projection of Islam in society. By regarding to private faith, the Qur’an being noninterventionist (for example, all forms of human authority should not be disturb the inner beliefs of individuals). While the public projection of faith, the Qur’an attitude based on the principle of coexistence. There is the willingness of the dominant race provide the freedom for people of other faiths with their own rules. Rules could shape how to run their affairs and to live side by side with the Muslims. Thus, based on the principle that the people of Indonesia are Muslim majority, it should be a mirror of a societie’s recognizion, respects and execution of religious pluralism. Abdul Aziz Sachedina called for Muslims to rediscover the moral concerns of public Islam in peace. The call for peace seemed to indicate that the existence of increasingly weakened in the religious sense of the Muslims and hence need to be reaffi rmed. Sachedina also like to emphasize that the position of peace in Islam is parallel with a variety of other doctrines, such as: prayer, fasting, pilgrimage and so on. Sachedina also tried to show the argument that the common view among religious groups is only one religion and traditions of other false and worthless. “Antipluralist” argument comes amid the reality of human religious differences. Keywords: Theology, Pluralism, Abdulaziz Sachedina

Administrasi Hubungan Sekolah dan Masyarakat (HUSEMAS)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rifa Nirmala ◽  
Hade Afriansyah
Keyword(s):  
Personal Growth ◽  
Clear Picture ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Community Needs ◽  
The People ◽  
Good Will ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Thus can drawing conclusions about the relationship of the school with the community is essentially a very decisive tool in fostering and developing the personal growth of students in schools. If the relationship between the school and the community goes well, the sense of responsibility and participation of the community to advance the school will also be good and high. In order to create relationships and cooperation between schools and the community, the community needs to know and have a clear picture of the school they have obtained.The presence of schools is based on the good will of the country and the people who support it. Therefore people who work in schools inevitably have to work with the community. The community here can be in the form of parents of students, agencies, organizations, both public and private. One reason schools need help from the community where schools are because schools must be funded.

سؤال العلاقة بين الفطرة والشريعة: قراءة معرفية (The Question of the Relationship between Shariah and Human Nature/fitrah: An Epistemological Review)

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-42
Author(s):  
المختار الأحمر
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Interconnected Systems ◽  
Evolutionary Aspect ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Evolutionary Aspects ◽  
Shed Light

الملخّص يتناول البحث علاقة الفطرة بالشريعة في التفكير الإسلامي، وما تطرحه هذه العلاقة سواء على مستوى بيان الجوانب المتعلقة بخَلْق الإنسان وما فُطِر عليه ابتداء، وهذا البعد يمثّل الجانب التكوني في مفهوم الفطرة، أو على المستوى المتعلق بالشريعة وفطريتها، أي أنها جارية وفق ما يدركه العقل وتشهد به الفطرة، وهذا البعد يمثّل الجانب التشريعي الذي يطرحه مفهوم الفطرة. لقد زخرت أغلب الكتابات بتناول جانبا واحدا مما يتيحه أو يعكسه مفهوم الفطرة، لكن البحث في العلاقة التناسبية بين الفطرة والشريعة، وما يتيحه هذا النظر المتلازم بين المفهومين على مستوى الإمكانات المتعلقة بقدرات الإنسان الفطرية في فهم وتعقّل الخطاب الشرعي والأحكام التكليفية، والوقوف على غاياته ومقاصده، يبقى في حاجة إلى البحث والاستقصاء. ولذلك تأتي هذه الدراسة لتسليط الضوء على الجانب التشريعي والتكويني في علاقة الشريعة بالفطرة، باعتبارهما نظامين متلازمين يتيحان فهم طبيعة الشريعة وأحكامها ومقاصدها من جهة، وتحديد جوهر وماهية الإنسان الفطرية وإمكاناته في تعقّل هذه الشريعة من جهة ثانية.                  الكلمات المفتاحية: الفطرة، الشريعة، الدين، التكاليف، العقل. Abstract This research addresses the relationship between premordial human nature (fitrah) and Islamic law (SharÊÑah) within the frame of Islamic thought, while exploring the questions it raises at two levels. The first level explains the aspects related to the creation of man and what has initially been bestowed upon him, which represents the evolutionary aspect of the concept of fiÏrah. The second level is related to SharÊÑah and its nature, which evolves according to what is percieved by reason and witnessed by fiÏrah; this represents the legislative aspect presented by the concept of fiÏrah. The majority of studies to date address a single aspect of the illustrations of the concept of fiÏrah. However, research on the dialectic relationship between fiÏrah and SharÊÑah and what its relevant concurrent view provides at the level of potentials related to human innate capacities in understanding and realizing SharÊÑah discourse and mandatory provisions as well as understanding its objectives  remains scarce and requires further research and investigation. Therefore, this study intends to shed light on the legislative and evolutionary aspects of the relationship between SharÊÑah and fiÏrah as two interconnected systems that allow for the understanding of the nature of SharÊÑah, its provisions and purposes, as well as identifying the essence of human innate nature and its potential in perceiving SharÊÑah. Keywords: human nature (fiÏrah), Islamic law (SharÊÑah), religious mandates (TakÉlif), religion, intellect (ÑAqal).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document