Prevalence and time trends of spina bifida in fourteen cities located in the Liaoning province of northeast China, 2006-2015

Bioenergy supply chains can offer social benefits. In most related research, the total number of created jobs is used as the indicator of social benefits. Only a few of them quantify social benefits considering the different impact of economic activities in different locations. In this paper, a new method of measuring the social benefits of bioethanol supply chains is proposed that considers job creation, biomass purchase, and the different impacts of economic activities in different locations. A multi-objective mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model is developed to address the optimal design of a bioethanol supply chain that maximizes both economic and social benefits. The ε-constraint method is employed to solve the model and a set of Pareto-optimal solutions is obtained that shows the relationship between the two objectives. The developed model is applied to case studies in Liaoning Province in Northeast China. Actual data are collected as practical as possible for the feasibility and effectiveness of the results. The results show that the bioethanol supply chain can bring about both economic and social benefits in the given area and offers governments a better and more efficient way to create social benefits. The effect of the government subsidy on enterprises’ decisions about economic and social benefits is discussed.

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Population genetics for 17 Y-STR loci in Northern Han Chinese from Liaoning Province, Northeast China

Forensic Science International Genetics ◽

10.1016/j.fsigen.2017.04.012 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. e35-e37 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Fei Guo

Keyword(s):

Population Genetics ◽

Northeast China ◽

Han Chinese ◽

Liaoning Province ◽

Str Loci

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Relationship between Urban Economic Connections and Geoeconomic Relations in Northeast China

Complexity ◽

10.1155/2020/5263048 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Zhenghui Zhu ◽

Li Wang ◽

Wanbo Liu ◽

Dewei Qi

Keyword(s):

Northeast China ◽

Research Area ◽

Liaoning Province ◽

Distance Method ◽

Central Cities ◽

Economic Relations ◽

Urban Economic ◽

Cooperative Community ◽

Economic Ties

Using Northeast China as the research area and three time nodes (2007, 2012, and 2017), the gravitational model and Euclidean distance method were used to measure the spatial economic connections and geoeconomic relations between four regional central cities and other small- and medium-sized cities. The complexity of urban economic relations was systematically analyzed based on matching urban economic connections and geoeconomic relations. This paper provides suggestions on how to strengthen and build a benign and sustainable urban economic relations system in Northeast China. The results of the study show that, from 2007 to 2017, the economic links between the four central cities and other cities continued to strengthen. Shenyang had the highest total of economic links, and Changchun, the fastest growth rate. From 2007 to 2017, the geoeconomic relations between the four central and other cities generally improved, shifting from competitiveness to complementarity. Competition intensified for Shenyang and Dalian with cities in Liaoning province, and their complementarity strengthened with cities outside the province. The relationship between the four central cities with other cities is to strengthen cooperation and complementarity. Therefore, the cities in Northeast China need to strengthen economic ties and the complementarity of geoeconomic relations and optimize the matching relationship. They should focus on the role of regional central cities in promoting the economic integration of the entire Northeast China and jointly promote the orderly urban niche system and full coordination. The formation and stability of the developing regional cooperative community are discussed.

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Epidemiology of atrial fibrillation in northeast China: a cross-sectional study, 2017–2019

Heart ◽

10.1136/heartjnl-2019-315397 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 106 (8) ◽

pp. 590-595 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Liying Xing ◽

Min Lin ◽

Zhi Du ◽

Li Jing ◽

Yuanmeng Tian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Northeast China ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Liaoning Province ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Difference ◽

Urban And Rural Areas

ObjectiveTo evaluate the epidemiology of atrial fibrillation (AF) in northeast China.MethodsThis cross-sectional survey using a multistage, stratified and cluster random sampling method was conducted in Liaoning Province between September 2017 and March 2019. A total of 18 796 participants (28.9% urban, 71.1% rural) aged ≥40 years were included. All participants completed a questionnaire and underwent a physical examination and ECG. AF was diagnosed according to history and ECG findings.ResultsThe overall AF prevalence was 1.1%; it increased steeply with age. AF was more prevalent in men than in women (1.5% vs 0.9%, p<0.001); however, the difference between urban and rural areas was not significant (1.3% vs 1.1%, p=0.228). Among the AF population, the overall AF awareness rate was 52.6%, higher in women than in men (61.5% vs 44.1%, p=0.011); however, the difference between areas was not statistically significant (60.0% vs 49.0%, p=0.129). According to the CHA2DS-VASc score, almost all (90.2%, 194/215) of our subjects required oral anticoagulant (OAC) therapy; however, only 4.1% actually received it. Moreover, hypertension (66.5%), dyslipidaemia (32.6%) and diabetes (24.2%) were highly prevalent in patients with AF, but their control rates were unacceptably low (7.0%, 8.6% and 28.8%, respectively).ConclusionsThe burden of AF in northeast China was substantial. Underuse of OAC therapy and uncontrolled comorbidities will likely contribute to the cardiovascular outcomes of patients with AF in the coming decades. Long-term management strategies for AF and related risk factors are required in northeast China.

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Spatiotemporal Pattern and Aggregation Effects of Poplar Canker in Northeast China

Forests ◽

10.3390/f11040454 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 454

Author(s):

He Yan ◽

Liyuan Chen ◽

Quansheng Ge ◽

Chengming Tian ◽

Jixia Huang

Keyword(s):

Incidence Rate ◽

Northeast China ◽

Large Scale ◽

Predisposing Factors ◽

Scan Statistics ◽

Liaoning Province ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Spatiotemporal Pattern ◽

Spatiotemporal Aggregation ◽

Primary Cluster

Research Highlights: This study looks at poplar canker caused by Cytospora chrysosperma as a geographical phenomenon, and it applies spatial statistics to reveal the pattern and aggregation effects of the disease on a large scale in time and space. The incidence area of poplar canker in Northeast China has spatial (spatiotemporal) aggregation effects, which emphasize the importance of coordinated prevention. The results of spatial and spatiotemporal clusters can guide specific regional prevention and indicate the possible predisposing factors, respectively. Background and Objectives: Poplar canker, a harmful forest biological disease that is widespread throughout Northeast China, brings enormous ecological and economic losses. The limited cognition of its spatiotemporal pattern and aggregation effects restricts the decision-making for regional prevention and the identification of disease-inducing conditions. This study aims to explore the spatiotemporal pattern and to detect the aggregation effects of the disease, trying to provide references for prevention. Materials and Methods: According to the incidence data of poplar canker reported by each county in Northeast China from 2002 to 2015, we mapped the distribution of the incidence rate in ArcGIS and performed retrospective scan statistics in SaTScan to detect the spatial and spatiotemporal aggregation effects of the incidence area. Results: The spatiotemporal pattern of poplar canker’s incidence rate presents the characteristic of “outbreak-aggregation-spread-stability.” The incidence area of the disease when we performed spatial aggregation scan statistics showed the primary cluster covering Liaoning province (LLR = 86469.86, p < 0.001). The annual spatial scan statistics detected a total of 14 primary clusters and 37 secondary clusters, indicating three phases of aggregation. The incidence area of disease also shows spatiotemporal aggregation effects with the primary cluster located around Liaoning province, appearing from 2009 to 2015 (LLR = 64182.00, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The incidence area of poplar canker presents significant characteristics of spatial and spatiotemporal aggregation, and we suggest attaching importance to the clues provided by the aggregation effects in disease prevention and identification of predisposing factors.

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Period and Development of Attached-Rim Vessels in Northeast China

The Yeongnam Archaeological Society ◽

10.47417/yar.2020.87.35 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 35-78

Author(s):

Kang Won Oh

Keyword(s):

Inner Mongolia ◽

Northeast China ◽

Fourth Century ◽

Jilin Province ◽

Liaoning Province ◽

Exchange Relationship ◽

The Third ◽

South Central ◽

River Region ◽

Triangular Area

In the case of attached-rim vessels in Northeast China, the scale of the pottery vessel type was reduced to meet a demand for minimal living of the people at that time due to a way for groups living in low hills of Aohan Qi located in the EastSouth inner Mongolia, and it has emerged from the process of improving the existing double-rimmed deep bowl pottery while focusing on its practicality. Attached-rim vessels that have emerged from Shuiquan Type for the first time spread to regions adjacent to the EastSouth inner Mongolia and the Liaoxi region, attached-rim vessels in the Lioaxi region spread again to the Zhengjiawazi Type located in the midstream of Liao River, and other surrounding areas spread the relevant vessels through the exchange relationship with Zhengjiawazi Type. The attached-rim vessels in Northeast China were distributed only in the Shuiquan Type at the first period(the fifth century B.C.), but in the Zhengjiawazi Type centered in Shenyang at the second period(the fourth century B.C.) as it spread to the triangular area connecting Aohanqi, Kalaqinzuoyi and Ningcheng as well as the Liao River region. At the third stage(the third century B.C.), it became widely distributed mainly in the middle and upper stream regions of Taizi River at Liaoxi and Benxi centered in Chaoyang of Liaoning province and Jilin province, in the middle and upper stream regions from Gou river to Dongliao river, and in the lower and middle stream region of Huifa river). However, at the fourth stage(the first and second centuries B.C.), it was only partially distributed at some sites in the Eastern part of Liaodong and in the South Central of Jilin province, but it finally disappeared.

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Drought Events and Causes in North China in 2018

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-7305 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jianying Feng ◽

Yu Zhang ◽

Suping Wang

Keyword(s):

High Pressure ◽

High Temperature ◽

Inner Mongolia ◽

Northeast China ◽

North China ◽

Air Flow ◽

Liaoning Province ◽

Severe Drought ◽

Pressure Ridge ◽

Moderate Drought

In 2018, severe meteorological drought occurred in the southwest of Northeast China, the &#160;east-central of Inner Mongolia and the east of North China. Drought shows obvious regional and stage nature&#160;.In early March, mild to moderate drought appeared in North China, followed by severe drought in parts of northern and eastern of Hebe province.&#160;After the middle of April, the drought was alleviated obviously, and the drought in the southwest of Northeast China began to show signs. In &#160;early May, there was mild to moderate drought in the central and eastern part of Inner Mongolia, and&#160;the drought in Northeast China developed. From June to early&#160;August, severe drought&#160;and above occurred in parts of&#160;Liaoning province ,&#160;Inner Mongolia and North China.&#160;In mid-August, in addition to Liaoning province and North China, there were scattered light to moderate drought, drought relief in the northern China. In early September, the drought in North China increased and the range spread northward, and there were droughts of different degrees in the whole North China.In winter, there is only mild drought in North China.The drought in this region has affected the agricultural production in different degrees. Spring sowing is blocked in the east of Inner Mongolia and the west of Northeast China, and high temperature in summer leads to the development of drought, corn and rice and other crops are adversely affected.From&#160;spring&#160;to&#160;autumn, the precipitation in most parts of the drought disaster &#160;area is less than 10-40%, and the temperature is higher than 1-2 &#8451;. The lack of precipitation and abnormal high temperature accelerated the loss of surface water, which resulted in the occurrence of drought in this area.In spring of 2018, the middle and high latitudes are generally controlled by flat air flow, which is not conducive to the establishment of trough ridge, making the northern dry area lack of favorable precipitation conditions; in summer and autumn, the existence of Baikal Lake high-pressure ridge, resulting in circulation patterns that are not conducive to the precipitation conditions in the northern dry area. Among them, the obvious flat air flow in spring and the obvious high pressure ridge in summer are the main reasons for the outstanding drought in spring and summer in the northern arid area.

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Dates and rates in ancient lakes: 40Ar–39Ar evidence for an Early Cretaceous age for the Jehol Group, northeast China

Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences ◽

10.1139/e95-115 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 32 (9) ◽

pp. 1426-1431 ◽

Cited By ~ 69

Author(s):

Patrick E. Smith ◽

Norman M. Evensen ◽

Derek York ◽

Mee-Mann Chang ◽

Fan Jin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Cretaceous ◽

Northeast China ◽

Late Jurassic ◽

Lacustrine Sediments ◽

Yixian Formation ◽

Liaoning Province ◽

Absolute Calibration ◽

Small Fault ◽

Absolute Age ◽

Good Agreement

The correlation of freshwater sediments in small, fault-bound basins in Liaoning Province, northeast China, known as the Jehol (or Rehe) Group, has been a subject of debate for many years, with biochronological estimates ranging from Late Jurassic to the Cretaceous periods. We have applied the laser 40Ar–39Ar technique to volcanic intercalations and lacustrine sediments from the Yixian Formation at the base of the Jehol Group. Minerals and whole-rock chips from the upper parts of the Yixian Formation give concordant ages with a mean of 121.1 ± 0.2 Ma (1σ). Ages for samples near the base of the Yixian Formation give 121.4 ± 0.6 and 122.9 ± 0.3 Ma, and appear to be synchronous or only slightly older than the top of the formation. Integrated ages of 122 Ma for glaucony from the lacustrine sediments lying stratigraphically between the upper and lower parts of the Yixian are in very good agreement with the absolute age framework provided by the volcanic units. Such disseminated facies of this clay show promise for directly dating lacustrine sediments. All of the above 40Ar–39Ar dates provide an absolute calibration of the Yixian Formation, and show that the whole formation was deposited entirely within Early Cretaceous time over an interval of no more than 2–3 Ma.

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Pathogen Detection and Genotyping With Trace Sample by A Phi29 Based Unbiased Exponential Amplification

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1027057/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xi Zhang ◽

Jingjing Chen ◽

Heling Xu ◽

Qi Zhang ◽

Huan Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nucleic Acid ◽

Northeast China ◽

Pathogen Detection ◽

Spotted Fever ◽

Liaoning Province ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Spotted Fever Group ◽

New Genotype ◽

Pathogen Screening ◽

Multiple Pathogen

Abstract Ticks are vectors for many infectious diseases such as spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsioses and borrelioses. Ticks are valuable material for pathogen ecology study. Ticks have several growth stages with significant varying size, and therefore, in most cases, the collected ticks cannot provide sufficient DNA for subsequent studies, particularly for multiple pathogen screening and genotyping. Unbiased pretreatment of the tick samples for subsequent analysis is an urgent need for subsequent ecological survey and other studies. Phi29 DNA polymerase, an enzyme with strand displacement activity, could exponentially amplify DNA randomly and non-biasedly, generating large quantities of DNA. In the present study, we developed a Phi29 based unbiased exponential amplification (PEA) assay for unbiased treatment of sample nucleic acid to provide sufficient DNA for genetic analysis. By using tick borne pathogen detection and genotype as a model, we tested and evaluated the feasibility of the assay. Nucleic acid were extracted from single ticks and subjected to PEA. The results showed that tick DNA could be amplified up to 10 5 folds. The amplified products were successfully used for pathogen screening and genotyping. With the amplified DNA from single tick, Rickettsia was successfully detected and genotyped. A new genotype of Rickettsia was identified from ticks collected from Dandong city, Liaoning province, Northeast China. This PEA assay is universal and can also be extended to other applications where samples are greatly limited.

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