scholarly journals Genetic polymorphism of local Abkhazian grape cultivars

2022 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 797-804
Author(s):  
E. T. Ilnitskaya ◽  
M. V. Makarkina ◽  
I. V. Stepanov ◽  
I. I. Suprun ◽  
S. V. Tokmakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Polymorphism ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Dna Fingerprints ◽  
Local Varieties ◽  
Subtropical Zone ◽  
Centers Of Origin ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Dna Profiles ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
Grape Cultivars

Local grape cultivars from different countries of the world are an important part of the gene pool of this culture. Of particular interest are the genotypes of the most ancient regions of viticulture. The territories of the subtropical zone of Georgia and the central part of Abkhazia belong to one of the centers of origin of the cultural grapevine. The purpose of the work was to genotype native Abkhazian grape cultivars, to study their genetic diversity based on DNA profiling data and to compare them with the genotypes of local varieties of other viticultural regions. Samples of plants were taken on the territory of the Republic of Abkhazia in private farmsteads and in the collection of the agricultural firm “Vina i Vody Abkhazii“ (“Wines and Waters of Abkhazia”). The genotyping of the Abkhazian cultivars Avasirhva, Agbizh, Azhapsh, Azhizhkvakva, Azhikvaca, Atvizh, Atyrkuazh, Achkykazh, Kachich was carried out using 14 DNA markers, 9 of which are standard microsatellite markers recommended for the identification of grape varieties. To improve our knowledge about the sizes of the identified alleles, we used the DNA of grape cultivars with a known allelic composition at the analyzed loci. Statistical analysis of the data showed that the observed heterozygosity for the analyzed loci exceeded expected values, which indicates a genetic polymorphism of the studied sample of varieties. Evaluation of genetic similarity within the analyzed group based on the results of genotyping at 14 loci showed that the cultivars Kachich and Azhapsh differed from the other Abkhazian varieties. The obtained DNA profiles of the Abkhazian cultivars were checked for compliance with DNA-fingerprints of grape varieties in the Vitis International Variety Catalogue. The Georgian varieties Azhizhkvakva and Tsitska turned out to be synonyms according to DNA profiles, two varieties from the Database (Italian Albana bianca and Georgian Ojaleshi) have differences in DNA-fingerprints from the varieties Atyrkuazh and Azhikvatsa only in one allele, respectively. When comparing the identified Abkhazian grape genotypes, their difference from the sample of Dagestan, Don, Greek, Turkish, Italian, Spanish, and French varieties and genetic similarity with the genotypes of Georgian grapes were shown.

scholarly journals THE CONTENT OF MINERAL SUBSTANCES AND VITAMINS IN THE GRAPE VARIETIES OF MUSCAT PEITEL, SALAM, YAI PINK RAISINS

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Sarizhat Aliomarovna MAGADOVA ◽  
Zeinab Kadirovna BAKHMULAEVA ◽  
Olga Konstantinovna VLASOVA
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Optimal Combination ◽  
Correct Selection ◽  
Local Varieties ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
Selection Of

The qualitative composition and quantitative content of mineral elements and vitamins in the grapes of local varieties of Muscat Peitel, Salam, Yai pink raisins, growing in southern Dagestan, are studied. The elemental composition is determined by the methods of flame and atomic absorption photometry; ascorbic acid - titrimetry; rutin, nicotinic acid and carotene - colorimetry. A certain correlation of minerals and vitamins has been found, and it is crucial at selection of grapes, aimed at high nutritional value. The obtained results can be useful at the correct selection and placement of the varieties with the optimal combination of micronutrients to provide the Republic with table grapes of good quality.

scholarly journals Генетический полиморфизм редких и малораспространенных аборигенных донских генотипов L

2019 ◽  
pp. 191-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Ilnitskaya ◽  
Lyudmila Naumova ◽  
Valentina Ganich ◽  
Sergey Tokmakov ◽  
Marina Makarkina
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Separate Branch ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dna Profiles ◽  
Basic Minimum

История виноградарства на Дону насчитывает несколько веков, местные сорта винограда многообразны и специфичны. Микросателлитные маркеры широко используются для генотипирования сортов и подвоев винограда, при изучении происхождения сортов и анализе их родословной. Целью исследования было изучение выборки редких и малораспространенных автохтонных донских сортов и сравнение их с другими аборигенными донскими генотипами на основе данных ДНК-анализа. В исследования включены 23 стародавних донских сорта. Генотипирование проводили методом микросателлитного профилирования. В исследовании использовали микросателлитные маркеры (SSR), рекомендованные в качестве основного минимального набора для ДНК-паспортизации сортов вида Vitis vinifera L.: VVMD5, VVMD7, VVMD27, VVS2, VrZAG62 и VrZAG79. По результатам проведенного анализа все изученные образцы показали сорт-специфическую комбинацию аллелей в идентифицированных ДНК-профилях. Количество выявленных аллелей составило в среднем 8 аллелей/локус. Наибольший полиморфизм в исследовании этой группы донских сортов был обнаружен в локусе VVMD5: идентифицировано 10 аллелей на локус, наименьшее - в локусе VrZAG62: 6 аллелей/локус. Основываясь на данных SSR-анализа, степень генетического сходства сортов оценивали с использованием метода UPGMA. Кластерный анализ матрицы генетических дистанций, созданный на основе выявленных значений аллелей в шести микросателлитных локусах исследуемых сортов, определил несколько групп генотипов. Сорт Красностоп золотовский выделился в отдельную ветвь, что указывает на различия между этим генотипом и другими сортами исследуемой выборки. Наивысший уровень генетического сходства наблюдался между следующими парами сортов: Крестовский и Бургундский, Шилохвостый и Мушкетный, Кумшацкий черный и Ефремовский.The history of viticulture on the Don goes back several centuries. Local grapevine varieties are diverse and peculiar. Microsatellite markers are widely used in genotyping grapevine cultivars and rootstocks, in grapevine origin and breeding background analysis. Our study aimed to examine samples of rare and less common autochthonous Don varieties, and compare them with the other aboriginal Don genotypes using DNA data. The study involved 23 traditional Don varieties. The genotyping was done by microsatellite profiling. The study used microsatellite (SSR) markers recommended as the basic minimum set for DNA-certification of the genotypes of Vitis vinifera L.: VVMD5, VVMD7, VVMD27, VVS2, VrZAG62 and VrZAG79. Based on the findings, all the studied samples demonstrated variety-specific combination of alleles in the identified DNA profiles. The number of detected alleles on average was 8 alleles/locus. The greatest polymorphism in the studied group of Don varieties was detected in VVMD5 locus: 10 alleles per locus were identified, the smallest in VrZAG62 locus: 6 alleles/locus. UPGMA method was used to assess the extent of genetic similarity of the varieties based on SSR-genotyping data. Based on determined allele values of the studied varieties, cluster analysis of the genetic distances matrix determined several groups of genotypes. ‘Krasnostop zolotovskiy’ variety stood out as a separate branch, which indicates the difference between this genotype and the other varieties of the studied sampling. The highest level of genetic similarity was observed between the following pairs of varieties: ‘Krestovskiy’ and ‘Burgundskiy’, ‘Shilohvostyi’ and ‘Mushketnyi’, ‘Kumshatskiy chornyi’ and ‘Efremovskiy’.

scholarly journals Виноградарство Афганистана

2019 ◽  
pp. 299-301
Author(s):  
Mayhan Hedaitulla ◽  
Roman Kravchenko ◽  
Leonid Troshin
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Thompson Seedless ◽  
Local Varieties ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
The North ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
Modern Condition

В статье дан обзор современного состояния и тенденциозного развития виноградарской отрасли Афганистана. Виноград выращивается практически в каждой части страны, от Кандагара до Такара и Фарьяба. Наиболее интенсивно виноград возделывают в провинциях Кабул, Парван, Каписа, Кандагар, Гильменд, Джавзян, Герат и Газни. Но в большинстве районов страны культура выращивается не для коммерческого использования, а для семейного потребления. В основном весь виноград Афганистана принадлежит к подвиду Vitis vinifera sativa D.C.. В стране в наличии большое разнообразие доступных сортов (более 100), но самыми распространёнными являются три местных сорта столового направления использования: Шиндохани, Кишмиш белый и Тайфи розовый. При этом сорта Шиндохани и Кишмиш белый еще используются для приготовления изюма. К другим распространенным сортам винограда относятся Хусайне, Аскери, Голадан, Спен Манга, Надери и Бедана Кишмиш сиах (черный без косточек). Также вводятся в производство такие новые коммерческие сорта как Thompson Seedless, Red Globe, Cardinal, Emperor, Fantasy, Crimson Seedless, Flame Seedless, Ruby, Ribier и Black Emerald. В экспорте Афганистана виноград занимает 4%. В Афганистане виноградная лоза в основном возделывается по местной традиционной системе - на земляных курганах с головчатой формировкой. Используется также система «земля-решетчатая». Производственная система виноградарства Афганистана, его культурные практики, сортимент и послеуборочный процесс все еще традиционны. Поэтому для достижения более высоких результатов необходимо ориентироваться на международные стандарты качества, импортировать и распространять новые технологии, координировать процесс между всеми производителями виноградной продукции, повышать их грамотность.The article provides an overview of modern condition and development trends of the viticulture industry in Afghanistan. Grapes are cultivated in almost every part of the country, from the south to Kandahar and to the north to Takar and Faryaba. The most intensive cultivation areas are the provinces Kabul, Parvan, Kapisa, Kandahar, Helmand, Javzyan, Herat and Ghazni. In most parts of the country, grapes are grown not for commercial use but for family consumption. Most of grape varieties in Afghanistan belong to Vitis vinifera sativa D.C. The country has a wide range of available varieties (more than 100), but the most common are three local varieties: ‘Shindokhani’, ‘Kishmishi bely’ and ‘Typhi rozovy’. These are table varieties. At the same time, ‘Shindokhani’ and ‘Kishmishi bely’ are also used for raisin production. Other common grape varieties are ‘Hussaini’, ‘Askari’, ‘Goladan’, ‘Spen Manga’, ‘Naderi’ and ‘Bedana Kishmishi siah’ (black seedless). New commercial varieties ‘Thompson Seedless’, ‘Red Globe’, ‘Cardinal’, ‘Emperor’, ‘Fantasy’, ‘Crimson Seedless’, ‘Flame Seedless’, ‘Ruby’, ‘Ribier’ and ‘Black Emerald’ are being introduced into cultivation, too. Grapes account for 4% of the country’s total exports. In Afghanistan, grapes are mainly cultivated according to the local traditional system on mounds of earth with head training. ‘Earth-lattice’ trellis is also used. In Afghanistan, grape production, cultural practices, assortment and post-harvest process are still traditional. Therefore, to achieve better results, it is necessary to focus on international quality standards, to import and disseminate new technologies, to coordinate the process with all producers of grape products, and to increase their professional skills.

scholarly journals The genetic improvement of grapevine cultivars and wine yeast strains: Novel approaches to the ancient art of winemaking

2003 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-43
Author(s):  
I. S. Pretorius
Keyword(s):  
Wine Yeast ◽  
Wine Industry ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Quantum Leap ◽  
Grape Quality ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
Grape Cultivars

The widening gap between wine production and wine consumption, the shift of consumer preferences away from basic commodity wine to top quality wine, and the gruelling competition brought about by economic globalisation call for a total revolution in  the magical world of wine. In the process of transforming the wine industry from a production-driven industry to a market-orientated enterprise, there is an increasing dependence on, amongst others, biotechnological innovation to launch the wine industry with a quantum leap across the formidable market challenges of the 21st century. Market-orientated designer grape cultivars and wine yeast strains are currently being genetically programmed with surgical precision for the cost-competitive production of high quality grapes and wine with relatively minimal resource inputs and a low environmental impact. With regard to Grapevine Biotechnology, this entails the establishment of stress tolerant and disease resistant varieties of Vitis vinifera with increased productivity, efficiency, sustainability and environmental friendliness, especially regarding improved pest and disease control, water use efficiency and grape quality. With regard to Wine Yeast Biotechnology, the emphasis is on the development of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains with improved fermentation, processing and biopreservation abilities, and capacities for an increase in the wholesomeness and sensory quality of wine. The successful commercialisation of transgenic grape cultivars and wine yeasts depends on a number of scientific, technical, safety, ethical, legal, economic and marketing factors, and it therefore will be unwise to entertain high expectations in the short term. However, in the light of the phenomenal potential advantages of tailor-made grape varieties and yeast strains, it would be equally self-destructive in the long term if this strategically important “life insurance policy” is not taken out by the wine industry. This overview highlights the most important examples of the way in which V. vinifera grape varieties and S. cerevisiae wine yeast strains are currently being designed with surgical precision on the basis of market demand for the cost-effective, sustainable and environmentally friendly production of healthy, top quality grapes and wine.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity in different populations of sloths assessed by DNA fingerprinting

2002 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. MORAES ◽  
J. S. MORGANTE ◽  
C. Y. MIYAKI
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Dna Fingerprinting ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Similarity Indices ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Related Individuals ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Dna Profiles ◽  
Two Populations

In this study we analyzed a population of Bradypus torquatus with individuals originally distributed in different localities of Bahia, and two populations of B. variegatus with individuals from Bahia and São Paulo States. Using the DNA fingerprinting method, we assessed the genetic variability within and between populations. Analysis of the DNA profiles revealed genetic similarity indices ranging from 0.34 ± 0.07 to 0.87 ± 0.04. Similar low levels of genetic variability were found only in isolated mammalian populations or among related individuals. This study presents the first analyses of genetic diversity in sloth populations.

scholarly journals Genetic and pathophysiological substantiation of polyphenolic grape processing products’ application in the treatment of metabolic syndrome in the population of the Republic of Crimea

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 06001
Author(s):  
Iuliana Shramko ◽  
Elizaveta Ageeva ◽  
Konstantin Maliy ◽  
Irina Repinskaya ◽  
Anna Gurtovaya
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Adipoq Gene ◽  
Nutrition Programs ◽  
Epigenetic Modifiers ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Red Grape ◽  
Grape Varieties

Adipose tissue in abdominal obesity produces various cytokines, the most important of which is adiponectin (AN). Polymorphism of the AN receptor genes is associated with the risk of metabolic syndrome (MS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) development. The aim of the study was to investigate the association of AN genes receptors’ polymorphism with the development of MS and DM2 in the Republic of Crimea as well as the possibility of named pathology correction with polyphenolic functional foods. The study included 100 patients with confirmed diagnosis of DM2 and MS. Genomic DNA was isolated from the whole blood of patients. Gene polymorphism amplification was performed by PCR real-time. The most common genotype of the ADIPOQ gene (rs1501299) among patients with DM2 and MS was GT polymorphism G276T. The most frequent genotypes of the ADIPOR1 gene were AC (rs2275737) – 53.3% and CT (rs2275738) - 50.0%. The most frequent combinations between ADIPOR1 and ADIPOQ genes were AC (rs2275737) /CT (rs2275738) and GT (rs1501299) – 28.6%, as well as AC (rs2275737)/CT (rs2275738) and GG (rs1501299) – 19.7%. Thus, in patients with MS and DM2 in the Republic of Crimea, associations of polymorphism of the genes of the AN receptors with the development of this pathology have been established. It is known that polyphenols of red grape varieties are epigenetic modifiers. Therefore, these products can be included in individual nutrition programs in population groups genetically predisposed to MS and DM2.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF “LIGNOHUMATE” FERTILIZER ON PRODUCTIVITY INDICATORS AND GRAPES QUALITY IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF CRIMEA

Russian vine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
V.A. Boyko ◽  
◽  
S.V. Levchenko ◽  
D.Yu. Belash ◽  
A.V. Romanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Condi Tions ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Productivity Indicators ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Grape Varieties

This article provides the results of study of mineral plant nutrition systems based on the "Lignohumate" fertilizer and assessment of their impact on productivity indicators and grapes quality. 4 and 6-fold treatment sys-tems in conditions of irrigation and without irrigation were studied. Research was carried out during 2018–2020 on grape varieties Moldova and Muscat rosoviy in the condi-tions of the Republic of Crimea. A positive influence of vegetation treatments with the "Lignohumate" fertilizer on yield of variety Moldova was discovered. It increased in irri-gation conditions by 11.6% (4-fold pro-cessing) and 17.0% (6-fold processing), in conditions without irrigation the yield in-creased by 6.8 and 11.3% respectively; yield of Muscat rosoviy variety gained 13.5%. Maximum mass concentration of sugars was observed in Moldova grapes after 6-fold pro-cessing system without irrigation (192.3 g / dm3) and when irrigated (195.7g / dm3); Mus-cat rosoviy had an increase in mass concentra-tion of sugars by 3.8%; treatments helped to improve organoleptic characteristics of Mol-dova variety grapes by 9.2-22.4%; the grapes that were tested with irrigation and 6-fold foliar feeding (9.3 pts) got the highest mark; to increase chlorophyll content in Moldova variety by 14.4%, in Muscat rosoviy - 7.7%. The proportion of the effect of the drug var-ied in the range from 56.2% to 93.4%, de-pending on the experiment variation. There was a decrease in cultivating cost of Moldova variety under the 6-fold processing conditions on dry land by 10.1%, while cultivating on irrigated land the cost decreased by 14.0%. The cost of cultivating the Muscat rosoviy variety is reduced by 11.1%. The profitability of cultivation of the Moldova variety increas-es by 23.4 - 69.5% depending on the mineral nutrition system, the Muscat rosoviy variety - by 27.3%. The work was conducted in ac-cordance with the agreements reg. № CITS (Center of Information Technologies and Sys-tems): АААА-А20-120052590012-3.

scholarly journals Directed formation of commercial quality of table grapes based on the use of foliar dressing with microfertilizers

2020 ◽  
pp. 225-229
Author(s):  
Светлана Валентиновна Левченко ◽  
Владимир Александрович Бойко ◽  
Дмитрий Юрьевич Белаш ◽  
Наталья Васильевна Алейникова
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Grape Variety ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Standard Product ◽  
Control Food ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Product Output ◽  
Grape Varieties

На территории Республики Крым проводились двухлетние исследования, которые позволили оценить влияние внекорневых обработок регулятором роста Альбит, ТПС и комплексом удобрений ООО «Биокефарм Рус» («Сиамино Про», Дабл Вин, «Боро Про», Софт Гард, Алга, Мастер Грин Са) на формирование показателей товарного качества столовых сортов винограда в период вегетации виноградного растения. Применение регулятора роста Альбит, ТПС увеличило урожай с куста и среднюю массу грозди винограда сорта Молдова на 26,4 % и 14,8 % относительно контроля (система питания хозяйства). Урожай с куста и средняя масса грозди сорта Италия с использованием препарата Альбит, ТПС повысилась на 34,4 % и 14,9 %, комплекса удобрений ООО «Биокефарм Рус» на 29,5 % и 23,8 % по сравнению с контролем. Комплекс удобрений ООО «Биокефарм Рус» улучшил выход стандартной продукции винограда сорта Италия на 9,4 % в сравнении с контролем. Доля влияния исследуемых препаратов на урожайность сорта Молдова варьировала от 53,1% (Альбит, ТПС) до 90,3% (ООО «Биокефарм Рус») при Р<0.05 (P - значение по критерию Фишера). В опытах с применением регулятора роста «Альбит, ТПС» увеличилась общая дегустационная оценка винограда сорта Молдова - на 14,6 %, сорта Италия - на 5,8 %; при использовании комплекса препаратов ООО «Биокефарм Рус» - на 9,9% (сорт Молдова) и на - 9,6 % (сорт Италия) относительно контроля. On the territory of the Republic of Crimea, a two-year study was carried out, which made it possible to assess the effect of foliar treatments with the growth regulator Albit, RP and a complex of fertilizers of Biokepharm Rus LLC (Siamino Pro, Double Win, Boro Pro, Soft Guard, Algae, Master Green Ca) on the formation of indicators of the commercial quality of table grape varieties during the growing season. The use of growth regulator Albit, RP increased the yield per bush and the average bunch weight of ‘Moldova’ grape variety by 26.4% and 14.8% relative to the control (food and agriculture system). The yield per bush and the average bunch weight of ‘Italia’ variety using Albit, RP preparation increased by 34.4% and 14.9%, using the fertilizer complex of Biokepharm Rus LLC - by 29.5% and 23.8% compared to the control. Fertilizer complex of Biokepharm Rus LLC improved the standard product output of ‘Italia’ grapes by 9.4% compared to the control. The influence degree of preparations studied on the cropping capacity of ‘Moldova’ variety ranged from 53.1% (Albit, RP) to 90.3% (Biokepharm Rus LLC) at P < 0.05 (P is Fisher's variance ratio). In experiments with the use of growth regulator Albit, RP, the overall tasting assessment of ‘Moldova’ grape variety increased by 14.6%, ‘Italia’ variety - by 5.8%; when using the complex of preparations of Biokepharm Rus LLC - by 9.9% (‘Moldova’ variety) and by - 9.6% (‘Italia’ variety) relative to the control.

scholarly journals Effects of Different Crop Load of Vine and Length of Maceration on Polyphenolic Content of Vranac Cultivar

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 319
Author(s):  
Goran Milanov ◽  
Klime Beleski ◽  
Duško Nedelkovksi ◽  
G Ristov
Keyword(s):  
Red Wine ◽  
Grape Pomace ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Polyphenolic Content ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Red Variety ◽  
Grape Varieties

Polyphenols have a significant impact on the quality of the red wine grape varieties. Certain amphelotechnical measures and technological pro­cesses affect directly the content of polyphenols in grapes and wine. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of different crop load of the vine and length of maceration of grape pomace on polyphenolic content and sensory properties of Vranac cultivar which represents the leading red variety in the Republic of Macedonia. Studied the different crop load of the vine (control, variant 1 with a 25% reduction of the yield, variant 2 - 35% reduction of the yield and a variant of 3- 50% reduction of the yield) as well as different times of maceration (7days and 14 days) on the phenolic composition of wine. Test results showed a positive correlation between the crop load and the content of total polyphenols, ie, reducing the number of bunches per vine comes to an increase in the content of total polyphenols in wine as well as length of maceration achieves the same correlation. 

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