scholarly journals Aqueous extracts from Acalypha gaumeri and Bonellia flammea for leaf blight control in chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium)

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arely Anayansi Vargas-Díaz ◽  
Jairo Cristóbal-Alejo ◽  
Blondy Canto-Canché ◽  
María Marcela Gamboa-Angulo
Keyword(s):  
Negative Control ◽  
Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests

The chrysanthemum is the second most important cut flower in the world, however, its quality and commercial value is affected by the leaf blight produced by <em>Alternaria </em>spp. The objective of this work was to evaluate the causal agent of leaf blight in Chrysanthemum, and its control with aqueous extracts of <em>Acalypha gaumeri </em>and <em>Bonellia flammea</em>. The fungus was collected and identified from leaves and stems of chrysanthemum plants. Subsequently, molecular identification and pathogenicity tests were performed on chrysanthemum plants. In the field, treatments were evaluated with weekly applications of: T1: <em>B. flammea </em>bark extract, T2: <em>A. gaumeri </em>root extract, T3: negative control (water) and T4: Captan® fungicide. Prior to the application of the treatments, plants were inoculated with the isolated fungus (2.5 × 106 spores mL-1) and severity was evaluated. <em>Alternaria chrysanthemi </em>was identified as the causal agent. Based on the severity percentage, the lowest averages of the area under the disease progress curve, the lowest rates of apparent infection, the lowest intensity of the disease and the greater effectiveness in controlling the disease were observed for T2 (165, 0.017, 8 and 67%, respectively) followed by T1 (186, 0.022, 13 y 50 %, respectively) and T4 (179, 0.023, 14 y 45%, respectively), observing a significantly different than negative control T3 (369, 0.025, 25 and 0%, respectively). Plant extracts have potential to be used as an alternative in the management of <em>Alternaria </em>leaf blight in chrysanthemum.

scholarly journals Bakanae Disease of Rice in Malaysia and Indonesia: Etiology of the Causal Agent Based on Morphological, Physiological and Pathogenicity Characteristics

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Izzati Mohd Zainudin ◽  
Azmi Razak ◽  
Baharuddin Salleh
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Fusarium Fujikuroi ◽  
Bakanae Disease ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Solvent Systems

Bakanae Disease of Rice in Malaysia and Indonesia: Etiology of the Causal Agent Based on Morphological, Physiological and Pathogenicity CharacteristicsBakanae disease on rice has been recorded almost in all countries where paddy is grown commercially, especially in Asian countries, including Malaysia and Indonesia. Bakanae disease was widespread in Peninsular Malaysia and three provinces of Indonesia with the range of disease severity from scale 1 to 5 and disease incidence from 0.5 to 12.5% during 2004-2005 main growing seasons. A total of fiveFusariumspecies belonging to section Liseola and their allied i.e.Fusarium fujikuroi, F. proliferatum, F. sacchari, F. subglutinans and F. verticillioideswere isolated and identified on the basis of their morphological characteristics. Literature data showed that the bakanae disease of rice all over the world is caused byF. fujikuroiand probably some otherFusariumspecies from section Liseola or allied. However, from pathogenicity tests that have been carried out by using variety MR 211 of rice it was evident thatF. fujikuroiwas highly virulent and the only species involved in causing bakanae disease. Therefore, this species was the only one detected to be able to produce gibberellic acid - (GA3) with Rfvalue 0.40 and 0.62, developed in solvent systems isopropanol:ammonia:water (10: 1: 1), v/v/ v and chloroform:ethyl acetate:formic acid (5: 4: 1), v/v/v, respectively. This knowledge would be invaluable in developing our understanding on the interaction betweenF. fujikuroiand the host plants.

PHARMACOGNOSTIC, ANTIOXIDANT AND ACUTE TOXICITY STUDY OF Ficus sycomorus (Linn) (Moraceae) ROOT AND STEM BARK

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 605-614
Author(s):  
Murtala M. Namadina ◽  
H. Haruna ◽  
U. Sanusi
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Radical Scavenging Ability ◽  
Phytochemical Components

Most of biochemical reactions in the body generates Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), which are involved in the pathogenesis of oxidative stress-related disorders like diabetes, nephrotoxicity, cancer, cardiovascular disorders, inflammation and neurological disorders when they attack biochemical molecules like proteins, lipids and nucleic acid. Antioxidants are used to protect the cells or tissues against potential attack by ROS. Most medicinal plants possess a rich source of antioxidants such as flavonoids, phenols, tannins, alkaloids among others. These phytochemicals are currently pursued as an alternative and complimentary drug. In this study, phytochemical components, antioxidant and acute toxicity study of the methanol extract of stem bark and root of F. sycomorus were carried out using standard methods. Findings from this study revealed the presence of some diagnostic microscopical features such as calcium oxalate, starch, gum/mucilage, lignin, Aleurone grain, suberized/Cuticular cell wall and inulin but calcium carbonate was absent in stem bark but present in the powdered root. Quantitative physical constants include moisture contents (6.40% and 7.82%), ash value (7.20% and 9.30 %) in stem bark and root respectively. Carbohydrates, alkaloid, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, glycoside, steroid, triterpenes and phenols were present in all the extracts. They were found to exhibit potent 1,1,-diphenyl 2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free scavenging activity. The DPPH radical scavenging ability of the extracts showed the following trend Ascorbic acid < stem bark extract˃ root extract. The LD50 of the methanolic stem bark and root extracts were found to be greater than 5000 mg /kg and is considered safe for use. Nonetheless, further

Antiurolithiatic effect of Cymbopogon Proximus, Alhagi Maurorum, on Sulfadimidine induced urolithiasis in male New Zealand rabbits

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Sameh El-Nabtity
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Blood And Urine Samples ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
New Zealand Rabbits ◽  
Group 1

The present study aimed to investigate the prophylactic effect of Cymbopogon proximus and Alhagi maurorum on Sulfadimidine induced urolithiasis in rabbits . Thirty New Zealand male rabbits were allocated into six equal groups (each of five): Group (1) was used as a negative control. Group(2) were administered sulfadimidine (200mg/kg) by intramuscular injection.Groups(3) and (4) were administered sulfadimidine(200mg/kg) by intramuscular injection and 330mg/kg of Cymbopogon proximus alcoholic and aqueous extracts respectively orally.Groups(5) and (6) were administered sulfadimidine(200mg/kg) by intramuscular injection and 400mg/kg of Alhagi maurorum alcoholic and aqueous extracts respectively orally. The period of experiment was 10 days. Blood and urine samples were collected from rabbits on the 10th day. The results recorded a significant decrease in serum creatinine, urea, uric acid and crystalluria in Cymbopogon proximus and Alhagi maurorum groups compared to sulfadimidine treated group.We conclude that Cymbopogon proximus and Alhagi maurorum have a nephroprotective and antiurolithiatic effects against sulfadimidine induced crystalluria.

scholarly journals Effect of Carica papaya L. Stem Bark Extracts on Cholesterol Concentration in Rats Induced with Streptosozin

2020 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 01011
Author(s):  
Safrida Safrida ◽  
Mustafa Sabri
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

This study was designed to determine the effect of Carica papaya L. stem bark extracts on cholesterol concentration in rats induced with glibenclamide. A completely randomized design was used for the experiment which consisted of 6 treatment groups, each group consisted of four rats, as follows:1) KN (negative control, non-diabetic rats); KP, diabetic rats given glibenclamide 10 mg/kg body weight; EP 1, diabetic rats given 0 mg/kg body weight/day extract; EP2, diabetic rats given 100 mg/kg body weight/day extract; and EP3, diabetic rats given 200 mg/kg body weight/day extract, EP4, diabetic rats given 300 mg/kg body weight/day extract for 28 day. The results showed that C. papaya L. stem bark extract decreased (P<0.05) cholesterol levels in diabetic rats. It was concluded that C. papaya L. stem bark extract had potential as anti-hypercholesterolemic in diabetic rats.

In Vivo Anti-Anemic Effect of an Aqueous Root Extract of Phyllanthus Muellerianus (Kuntze) Exell in Model Rats.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Nyirenda ◽  
Gershom B. Lwanga ◽  
Kaampwe M. Muzandu ◽  
David K. Chuba ◽  
Gibson M. Sijumbila
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extract ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Aqueous Root Extract

Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevanceAnemia is a very serious condition in Zambia. One of the plants that has been used traditionally is Phyllanthus muellerianus where different parts of shrub are used to treat a number of diseases in Zambian folklore medicine. Earlier studies have investigated medicinal properties of its aqueous root extracts. This study evaluated the effect of P. muellerianus roots on the hematological indices of albino rats and determined its phytochemical profile. Aim of the studyTo carry out phytochemical screening of the root extract and assess the ant-anemic effect of the aqueous extract on laboratory rats with tail-bled induced anemia Materials and MethodsThirty-six male albino rats placed in six groups were used for the study. The groups comprised the 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg plant extract, Ranferon (200 mg/kg) positive control, anemic non treated control and a normal (non-anemic) control. Anemia, induced through bleeding of the rats, was defined as hemoglobin (Hb) levels less than 12 g/dL. The anti-anemic potential of the plant was determined by comparing its effect on the hematological parameters of rats on treatment to that of the control group.ResultsAfter treatment, rats on the 400 mg/kg plant extract dose showed the greatest increase in the mean values for Hb, Packed cell volume (PCV) and RBC count were 43.3±1.2%, 15.4±0.3 g/dL and 6.3±0.3 x106 /mL respectively, when compared to the negative control group (P < 0.05). Phytochemical screening revealed positive results for alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, steroids, triterpenoids and tannins with varying amounts.Conclusions. The aqueous root extract of P. muellerianus was efficacious against anemia in a dose-dependent manner. The phytochemical compositions seem to be responsible for its hematopoietic properties. Thus, the root decoction of P. muellerianus is useful in alleviating anemia and the results lend credence to its use in traditional medicine in the management of anemia.

Effect of Morus alba root bark extract on gene-level expression of inflammatory markers in rats subjected to ethanol and cerulein induced pancreatitis– influence of heat shock protein 70

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavitha Yuvaraj ◽  
Arumugam Geetha
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Morus Alba ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Nf Kappa B ◽  
Serum Lipase ◽  
Hsp70 Mrna ◽  
Caspase 1

Abstract Background Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a persistent inflammation of the pancreas clinically presented with severe abdominal pain, progressive fibrosis, and loss of exocrine and endocrine functions. Inflammasomes, cytosolic multiprotein complexes which regulate the formation of proinflammatory cytokines, are influenced by various factors including heat shock proteins (HSPs). Morus alba L., or white mulberry root bark is a valued traditional Asian medicine with a diverse array of phytochemicals. The aim of this investigation was to define the modulatory action of methanolic extract of Morus alba root bark (MEMARB) on NLRP3 inflammasome, and HSPs in pancreas subjected to inflammatory insult. Methods Pancreatitis was induced in male albino Wistar rats by ethanol (0–36%) and cerulein (20 µg/kg b.wt., i.p.) for 5 weeks with or without MEMARB administration. Serum lipase/amylase (L/A) ratio, oxidative stress index (OSI) and reduced glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio in the pancreas were evaluated. Levels of serum HSP70 was quantified by ELISA. NF-kappa B, NLRP3-ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18, and HSP70 gene expression was quantified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results L/A ratio and oxidative stress determined in terms of OSI and GSH/GSSG ratio were elevated in pancreatitis-induced rats. The levels were restored in MEMARB co-administered animals. Serum level of HSP70 was increased in pancreatitis-induced animals and dropped significantly in MEMARB co-administrated rats. Pancreatitis-induced group showed increased expression of NF-kappa B, IL-1β, IL-18, caspase-1, NLRP3-ASC and HSP70 mRNA than in MEMARB treated group. Conclusions It can be concluded that the M. alba root extract modulates the expression of HSP70 and NLRP3-ASC which might be attributed to its pancreato-protective effect.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence of Cercospora cf. sigesbeckiae, a Causal Agent of Cercospora Leaf Blight on Soybean

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (36) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Albu ◽  
Sandeep Sharma ◽  
Burton H. Bluhm ◽  
Paul P. Price ◽  
Raymond W. Schneider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Draft Genome Sequence ◽  
Agricultural Commodities

ABSTRACT Cercospora cf. sigesbeckiae is an ascomycete fungal pathogen that infects various plants, including important agricultural commodities, such as soybean. Here, we report the first draft genome sequence and assembly of this pathogen.

scholarly journals Coccinonectria pachysandricola, Causal Agent of a New Foliar Blight Disease of Sarcococca hookeriana

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 1337-1346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catalina Salgado-Salazar ◽  
Nina Shiskoff ◽  
Nicholas LeBlanc ◽  
Adnan A. Ismaiel ◽  
Maxton Collins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plants ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Foliar Blight ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Artificial Inoculations ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Genome Assemblies ◽  
Severe Leaf

Woody plants of the Buxaceae, including species of Buxus, Pachysandra, and Sarcococca, are widely grown evergreen shrubs and groundcovers. Severe leaf spot symptoms were observed on S. hookeriana at the U.S. National Arboretum in Washington, DC, in 2016. Affected plants were growing adjacent to P. terminalis exhibiting Volutella blight symptoms. Fungi isolated from both hosts were identical based on morphology and multilocus phylogenetic analysis and were identified as Coccinonectria pachysandricola (Nectriaceae, Hypocreales), causal agent of Volutella blight of Pachysandra species. Pathogenicity tests established that Co. pachysandricola isolated from both hosts caused disease symptoms on P. terminalis and S. hookeriana, but not on B. sempervirens. Artificial inoculations with Pseudonectria foliicola, causal agent of Volutella blight of B. sempervirens, did not result in disease on P. terminalis or S. hookeriana. Wounding enhanced infection by Co. pachysandricola and Ps. foliicola on all hosts tested but was not required for disease development. Genome assemblies were generated for the Buxaceae pathogens that cause Volutella diseases: Co. pachysandricola, Ps. buxi, and Ps. foliicola; these ranged in size from 25.7 to 28.5 Mb. To our knowledge, this foliar blight of S. hookeriana represents a new disease for this host and is capable of causing considerable damage to infected plants.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document