Assessment of losses by foliar blight of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)with reference to tillage option management in plain region of Uttar Pradesh, India

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. K. Yashwant ◽  
L. P. Awasthi ◽  
Shiv Pratap Singh ◽  
Samir Pratap Singh
Keyword(s):  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Foliar Blight ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Cent Disease

Foliar blight of wheat caused by <italic>Bipolaris sorokiniana, Alternaria triticina, Pyrenophora tritici-repintis</italic> and <italic>Curvularia lunata</italic> are gaining importance especially in North Western and North Eastern plain Zones (NWPZ and NEPZ) of India. The experiment was conducted at main experimental farm N.D.U.A. &.T. Kumarganj, Faizabad (U.P.) by taking two wheat varieties i.e. NW1014 and HUW 234 and three tillage systems i.e. zero tillage, FIRBS (Furrow Irrigated Ridged Bed System) and Conventional tillage. Zero till resulted in higher mean per cent disease index (PDI) with variety HUM-234 in the first and second year, respectively, of 72.50 and 69.44 per cent. Under conventional tillage, however, highest yield and yield contributory characters recorded with combination variety NW-1014 during both the years. Conventional tillage with 41.30 and 42.50 q/ha had non-significantly higher yields in first and second year over zero tillage (38.75 and 40.60 q/ha).

scholarly journals FUNCTIONAL AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF WHEAT RHIZOSPHERE BACTERIA AND THEIR ANTAGONISTIC ACTIVITY AGAINST WHEAT FOLIAR BLIGHT PATHOGENS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 605-620
Author(s):  
Vandana Jaggi ◽  
◽  
Samiksha Joshi ◽  
Hemant Dasila ◽  
Navneet Pareek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Pgp Traits ◽  
Foliar Blight ◽  
Blight Disease

The current study aimed to explore the wheat rhizospheric bacterial community for in vitro plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits and antagonistic activity against foliar blight disease of wheat caused by Alternaria triticina and Bipolaris sorokiniana. The soil samples from the wheat fields across four Indian states namely Uttarakhand (2 sites), Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, and Maharashtra were analyzed for their physicochemical properties, enzymatic activities, and bacterial population density (CFU g-1). Amongst the tested soil samples, field soil from Uttar Pradesh has the highest bacterial population density (2.5x107 CFU g 1) while the Uttarakhand (Almora) soil has the lowest (8.5x 105 CFU g 1). A total of 45 bacterial isolates recovered from all the sites were morphologically identified and screened for in-vitro solubilization of phosphate & zinc, production of ammonia, siderophore, chitinase, protease, cellulase, amylase, lipase, and antagonistic activity. All isolates were found positive for one or more tested functional traits. Amongst 45 isolates, six showed >50% inhibition of Alternaria triticina and Bipolaris sorokiniana mycelium, and three isolates P10, UP11 & MH13 exhibited antagonistic activity against both the tested phytopathogens. Through 16S rDNA sequencing six putative biocontrol isolates, P10, UP11, MH13, MP17, MH12, and MP14 were identified as Bacillus methylotrophicus (MN099430.1), Bacillus subtilis (MN099431.1), Bacillus sp. (MN099432.1), Streptomyces sp. (MN099435.1), Lysinibacillus sp. (MN099433.1), and Staphylococcus epidermidis (MN099434.1). The selected wheat rhizobacteria exhibited PGP traits and biocontrol potential hence, may serve as putative biocontrol agents, for the management of foliar blight disease of wheat.

Impact of agronomic practices and environment on diseases of wheat and lentil in southeastern Saskatchewan

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 917-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Bailey ◽  
B. D. Gossen ◽  
D. A. Derksen ◽  
P. R. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Root Disease ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Foliar Pathogen

To determine the effect of tillage and rotation on plant diseases, their severity and prevalence were monitored on spring wheat, lentil, and field pea grown in rotation with zero and conventional tillage at Indian Head, SK, from 1992 to 1995. Root disease severity of wheat was less under zero tillage than conventional tillage, but leaf spot severity was unchanged. Incidence of the causal agents from roots was variable, such that Fusarium spp. were higher under zero tillage than conventional and Bipolaris sorokiniana was lower. Pyrenophora triticirepentis was the only foliar pathogen more prevalent under zero tillage than conventional. Rotation did not affect the pathogens causing root disease. However, the rotation of canaryseed-sunola-wheat-lentil had higher disease severity and levels of Septoria tritci on wheat compared with wheat-canola-wheat-lentil or wheat-pea-wheat-lentil. Neither crop rotation nor tillage practice had a measurable impact on lentil diseases, but epidemics of Ascochyta lentis and Botrytis cinerea were most severe in treatments with the densest plant stands. Multivariate analyses explored trends of tillage, rotation, and environment over years demonstrating that regardless of tillage or crop rotation practices, the annual environment was the most important factor limiting the severity of disease and the prevalence of causal agents in the complex. Key words: Rotation, tillage, root rot, leaf spot, wheat, lentil

scholarly journals Effect of Various Tillage Practices and Residue Retention on N, P and K Content in Seed and Straw of Different Wheat Varieties in Rice-wheat System

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Kapil Malik ◽  
O. P. Lathwal ◽  
A. K. Dhaka ◽  
Mansukh Singh Jatana ◽  
. Ravi
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
N Content ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Residue Retention

A field trial was conducted at rice research station, Kaul (Kaithal) of CCSHAU, Hisar during the Rabi season to study theeffect of tillage practices and residue retention on nutrient content in seed and straw of different wheat varieties. The six wheat varieties viz; HD 2967, HD 3086, WH 1105, WH 711, WH 1124 and WH 1142 were grown under four tillage systems: turbo seeder with full residue retention, turbo seeder with intact residue, zero tillage with no residue and conventional tillage with no residue methods. The nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) content in seed and straw were not influenced by different sowing techniques during both the years but nitrogen content was significantly affected during second year of study. However, the maximum N, P and K content (%) in seed and straw of wheat was achieved with turbo seeder sowing wheat under full residue retention and minimum content was recorded in conventional tillage with no residue retention during both years. Among varieties, significant difference was observed in term of nitrogen and potassium content in seed and straw. WH 1105 recorded significantly higher N content (%) in grain while more N content (%) in straw was found in WH 1124 during 2018 and 2019. While K content (%) in seed was more in WH 711 which was at par with WH 1142 and WH 1105 whereas, K content(%)in straw was more in WH 1124 variety being at par with WH 1142 in both years of study. However, Phosphorus content (%) in grain and straw of different wheat varieties was not differed significantly during 2 years of experiment.In conclusion, the different sowing methods had non- significant effects on the nutrient content but varietal genotype of wheat had more influence nutrient content in seed and straw under different sowing techniques.

IMPACT OF WHEAT ESTABLISHMENT METHODS AND WEED MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON WEED FLORA, YIELD AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE OF WHEAT IN RICE-WHEAT CROPPING SYSTEM

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
MOHAN SINGH ◽  
OMBIR SINGH ◽  
ROHITASAV SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Phalaris Minor ◽  
Weed Population ◽  
Metsulfuron Methyl ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Weed Flora

A field experiment was conducted at the Crop Research Centre of Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology Pantnagar, Udham Singh Nagar during continuous two years to study the weed flora, yield and nutrient uptake of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under different wheat establishment methods in main plots and seven weed management in sub plots. Phalaris minor was the most dominant weed at 60 DAS contributed 55.0 per cent of total weed population. Melilotusindica was the major non grassy weeds in wheat which contributed 11 per cent to total weed population during respective years. Sowing of wheat with zero tillage significantly reduced the Phalaris minor density as compared to conventionally tilled wheat after transplanted rice, 60 per cent Phalaris minor emerged from 0-3 cm in reduced and conventional tillage where as in zero tillage after transplanted rice there was 55 per cent emergence from 0-3 cm layer.The highest grain yield was obtained in two hand weedings done at 30 and 60 DAS and was at par with Isoproturon 1.0 kg ha-1 + Metsulfuron methyl 4 g ha-1 at 30 DAS and Clodinafop – Propargyl 60 g ha-1 at 30 DAS fb. Metsulfuron methyl 4 g ha-1 at 37 DAS. Zero tillage resulted in significantly higher uptake of NPK by wheat plants as compared to conventional tillage, whereas reduced tillage recorded minimum NPK, which was significantly lower over the other treatments of wheat establishment methods.

Effect of tillage and crop establishment methods on yield and economics of cotton

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
ANIL KHIPPAL ◽  
KAMINI KUMARI S. Bhadauria ◽  
JASBIR SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Plant Stand ◽  
Method Of Planting ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Very High

In Haryana (India) cotton is generally sown with conventional tillage practices witnesses poor germination and plant establishment. Poor plant stand is attributed by burning of emerging plants due to very high temperature at the time of planting, which is further worsen by crust formation due to pre-monsoon showers. Keeping these points in view, an experiment was conducted with farmers' participatory research mode in village Hajwana of Kaithal district. Cotton sown with zero tillage technique resulted in approximately five percent higher yield i.e. 136.3 kg ha-1 over conventional tillage. Mean returns over variable cost of all the three years were 10.8 percent i.e. Rs. 11794 ha-1 more in zero tillage over conventional tillage. Benefit: cost ratio were 3.86, 3.86 and 4.61 in conventional method of planting, bed planting and zero tillage technique, respectively. Zero tillage planting of cotton reduced fuel consumption by 93.4 % and 91.7 % compared to bed planting and conventional planting respectively.

Characterization of elite bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm for spot blotch Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoemaker resistance

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Deep Shikha ◽  
Chandani Latwal ◽  
Elangbam Premabati Devi ◽  
Anupama Singh ◽  
Pawan K. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Spot Blotch ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Elite Breeding Lines ◽  
Germplasm Accessions

Abstract Genetic resources are of paramount importance for developing improved crop varieties, particularly for biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. Spot blotch (SB) is a destructive foliar disease of wheat prevalent in warm and humid regions of the world, especially in the eastern parts of South Asia. For the management of this disease, the most effective measure is the development of resistant cultivars. Thus, the present investigation was carried out to confirm SB resistance in 200 germplasm accessions based on phenotypic observations and molecular characterization. These elite breeding lines obtained from the International Centre for Maize and Wheat Improvement, Mexico, are developed deploying multiple parentages. These lines were screened for SB resistance in the field under artificially created epiphytotic conditions during 2014–15 and 2015–16 along with two susceptible checks (CIANO T79 and Sonalika) and two resistant checks (Chirya 3 and Francolin). Eighty-two out of 200 germplasm accessions were found resistant to SB and resistance in these lines was confirmed with a specific SSR marker Xgwm148. Three accessions, VORONA/CNO79, KAUZ*3//DOVE/BUC and JUP/BJY//URES/3/HD2206/HORK//BUC/BUL were observed possessing better resistance than the well-known SB-resistant genotype Chirya3. These newly identified resistant lines could be used by wheat breeders for developing SB-resistant wheat varieties.

scholarly journals Effects of conservation agriculture on productivity and Economics of maize-wheat based cropping systems in midwestern Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-63
Author(s):  
K Pariyar ◽  
A Chaudhary ◽  
P Sapkota ◽  
S Sharma ◽  
CB Rana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Equivalent Yield

The effects of two tillage methods (zero tillage and conventional tillage), two residue managements (residue kept and residue removed) and two levels of cropping system (maize + soybean and sole maize) were studied over 3 years (2015-2017) at Dailekh district of Nepal. Arun-2 and Puja were the varieties of maize and soybean used respectively, followed by winter wheat. The results revealed that the maize + soybean system had significantly higher plant population and ear population (34.83 thousands ha-1 and 34.35 thousands ha-1, respectively), grains per row (37.1), ear length (16.6 cm) and 20.5% higher grain yield as compared to sole maize. The highest maize equivalent yield (7.92 t ha-1) was recorded in maize + soybean as compared to the lower grain yield equivalent (7.06 t ha-1) in sole maize. Zero tillage accounted relatively higher benefits (high net income and B:C ratio) as compared to conventional tillage. The residue kept plot resulted significantly higher B:C ratio (2.41) than the residue removed (2.11) and the maize + soybean recorded 82.5% greater B:C ratio compared to sole maize. Net annual income was significantly higher in zero tillage, residue kept and maize + soybean system (NRs. 223072.00, 222958.00 and 269016.00 ha-1 respectively). Such combinations are recommended for Dailekh district of Nepal to have profitable crop productivity. SAARC J. Agri., 17(1): 49-63 (2019)

Tillage intensity and crop rotation affect weed community dynamics in a winter wheat cropping system

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 805-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Blackshaw ◽  
F. J. Larney ◽  
C. W. Lindwall ◽  
P. R. Watson ◽  
D. A. Derksen
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Downy Brome ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Long Term Study

Development of improved weed manage ment systems requires more knowledge on how various weed species respond to changing agronomic practices. A long-term study was conducted to determine weed population responses to various tillage intensities and crop rotations in a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) dominated cropping system. Weed density and species composition differed with tillage, rotation, year, and date of sampling within years. Weed community dynamics were most affected by year-to-year differences in environmental conditions, followed by crop rotation, and then tillage intensity. Russian thistle (Salsola iberica Sennen & Pau) and kochia [Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad.] densities increased in years of low rainfall and above average temperatures. Winter annual weeds such as downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.) and flixweed [Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl], as well as the perennial weed dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Weber in Wiggers), increased in years where higher than average rainfall was received in fall or early spring. Continuous winter wheat facilitated a dense downy brome infestation to develop over time. Trifluralin is not efficacious on stinkweed (Thlaspi arvense L.) or Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.] and its use in canola resulted in an increase in these species in a winter wheat-canola rotation. Total weed densities were often greater in zero tillage than in either minimum or conventional tillage. Russian thistle, downy brome, kochia, and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) were associated with zero tillage while wild buckwheat (Polygonum convolvulus L.), lamb’s-quarters (Chenopodium album L.), flixweed, and wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) were associated with conventional tillage. Perennials such as dandelion and perennial sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis L.) were associated with zero tillage but Canada thistle was associated with conventional tillage. Information will be utilized to implement more effective weed management programs in winter wheat production systems. Key words: Conservation tillage, fallow, multivariate analyses, weed populations, weed shifts, zero tillage

Soil microbial biomass and diversity respond to tillage and sulphur fertilizers

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 577-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Z. Lupwayi ◽  
M. A. Monreal ◽  
G. W. Clayton ◽  
C. A. Grant ◽  
A. M. Johnston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Bulk Soil ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Soil Microbial

There is little information on the effects of S management strategies on soil microorganisms under zero tillage systems o n the North American Prairies. Experiments were conducted to examine the effects of tillage and source and placement of S on soil microbial biomass (substrate induced respiration) and functional diversity (substrate utilization patterns) in a canola-wheat rotation under conventional and zero tillage systems at three sites in Gray Luvisolic and Black Chernozemic soils. Conventional tillage significantly reduced microbial biomass and diversity on an acidic and C-poor Luvisolic soil, but it had mostly no significant effects on the near-neutral, C-rich Luvisolic and Chernozemic soils, which underlines the importance of soil C in maintaining a healthy soil. Sulphur had no significant effects on soil microbial biomass, and its effects on microbial diversity were more frequent on the near-neutral Luvisol, which was more S-deficient, than on the acidic Luvisol or the Chernozem. Significant S effects on microbial diversity were observed both in the bulk soil (negative effects, compared with the control) and rhizosphere (positive effects) of the acidic Luvisol, but all significant effects (positive) were observed in root rhizospheres in the other soils. Sulphur by tillage interactions on acidic Luvisolic soil indicated that the negative effects of S in bulk soil occurred mostly under zero tillage, presumably because the fertilizer is concentrated in a smaller volume of soil than under conventional tillage. Sulphate S effects, either negative or positive, on microbial diversity were usually greater than elemental S effects. Therefore, S application can have direct, deleterious effects on soil microorganisms or indirect, beneficial effects through crop growth, the latter presumably due to increased root exudation in the rhizosphere of healthy crops. Key Words: Biolog, conservation tillage, microbial biodiversity, rhizosphere, soil biological quality, S fertilizer type and placement

scholarly journals Review on Bioactive and Antioxidant Potential of Coloured Fruits and Vegetables

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-441
Author(s):  
Sarvesh Patel ◽  
Manoj Kumar Chaubey ◽  
Ishwar Das ◽  
V. N. Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern

The colour of fruits and vegetables represent a lot about their nutritional value. These nutritional values are due to presence of bioactive substances like vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and phytochemicals. Among natural dietary supplements, fruits and vegetables, in spite of low in calorific value, play very important role in human diet as a major source of biologically active compounds. Now a days, fruits and vegetables are gaining popularity and new ways of using as nutraceutical, antioxidants and medicines for treating diabetes, atherosclerosis, mastitis, cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, foot and mouth disease, gastric disorders, night blindness, skin allergies, hypersensitivity reaction, food poisoning, retention of placenta etc. The medicinal benefits are suitable for both the human as well as animals, being cost economic without side effect. The North Eastern Terai region of Uttar Pradesh harbors green lush vegetation having coloured fruits and vegetables. Till date 25 fruits and 21 vegetables plants are reported, which have enormous biological power and potential of nutraceutically active biomolecules. Therefore, the present study has undertaken to ascertain the possibilities of nutraceutical potential of coloured fruits and vegetables. Keywords; Nutraceuticals, Antioxidants, Phytochemicals, Bioactive molecule.

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