Study on epidemiological trends of canine rabies between2011 and 2014 in Chennai city, South India

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukumar Bharathy ◽  
Lakshmanasami Gunaseelan
Keyword(s):  
South India ◽  
Retrospective Data ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Prospective Data ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Canine Rabies ◽  
Epidemiological Factors ◽  
Epidemiological Trends ◽  
Chennai City ◽  
Rabies Vaccination

The objective of present study was to identify various epidemiological factors associated with canine rabies in Chennai city. Data were collected from a total of 169 canine rabies suspected cases which included, retrospective data of 102 (September 2011 to March 2013) and prospective data of 67 that were collected from Under Observation for Rabies (UOR) ward, Teaching Hospital, Madras Veterinary College. The data compiled over 3 years from 169 suspected canine rabid animals were analyzed based on Seller’s staining, of which 125 dogs (91.2%) tested positive. Rabies positives were encountered at a higher level in non-descript dogs (77.6%) and males comprised a larger number of rabies positives (57.6%) with susceptible age group of 1 to 3 years. Greater incidence was reported in the month of February, May and October. Age, breed and sex had no significant effect on the occurrence of rabies in animals. Canine rabies appears to be concentrated around North and Central Chennai compared to other parts of Chennai, hence people in these areas may be considered to be at a higher risk for dog bites. Owned Non-descript dogs attributed to the higher incidence. Hence, educating owners about rabies vaccination is needed because they are closer source of rabies to human than stray dogs.

scholarly journals Clinico mycological study of tinea capitis

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 380
Author(s):  
Geetha K. ◽  
Nithya priyadharshini S.
Keyword(s):  
Tinea Capitis ◽  
South India ◽  
Scalp Hair ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Epidemiological Factors ◽  
Changing Trends ◽  
Male Preponderance ◽  
Etiological Agents

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-GB">Tinea capitis is a superficial fungal infection of the scalp and scalp hair that is caused by dermatophytes most commonly in children. It is caused by genera Trichophyton and Microsporum</span><span lang="EN-IN">.</span>The <span lang="EN-GB">aims and objectives of the study were to study the epidemiological aspects, various etiological agents, clinical types, clinic etiological correlation and to note the changing trends.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-GB">All new patients with tinea capitis were included for the study after KOH positivity. For total 98 patients in all age groups, fungal culture was performed from scalp scrapings. The epidemiological factors and the clinic etiological correlation were also assessed</span>.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-GB">Tinea capitis was found most commonly in the 5-10 years age group with a male preponderance (69%). Non inflammatory types were more commonly observed in 66.3% of cases, with grey patch being the most common type. Kerion was most common in inflammatory group. <em>T. tonsurans</em> (31.1%) was the most frequently isolated fungus followed by <em>T. violaceum </em>and<em> T. mentagrophytes</em> in 25.7% each. In previous studies <em>T. violaceum</em> was the most common agent isolated in South India, whereas <em>T. tonsurans</em> is the most common agent in this study, showing a changing scenario. The clinic mycological correlation revealed that a single pathogen may give rise to various clinical types</span><span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In any location, the pathogenic species may change with time. A single pathogen may give rise to various clinical types.</p>

scholarly journals Rabies in Thailand

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. MITMOONPITAK ◽  
V. TEPSUMETHANON ◽  
H. WILDE
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Rabies ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Canine Rabies ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Health Threat ◽  
Rabies Vaccination

The prevalence of canine and human rabies in Thailand has decreased significantly during the last decade. This has been associated with an increasing number of human post-exposure treatments. Educational efforts, mass vaccination of dogs and cats and the use of safe and effective vaccines have all made an impact. The proportion of fluorescent antibody positive dogs, among those examined for rabies averaged 54% indicating that rabies is still a major public health threat. Canine rabies vaccination is not usually performed in animals <3 months old. However, this study revealed that 14% of rabid dogs were <3 months old and 42% were [les ]6 months old. This is the age group most likely to interact with humans and other dogs. Our study also supports the World Health Organization's recommendation that observing suspected rabid dogs for 10 days is an adequate and safe practice.

scholarly journals Dog ownership, demographics, owners’ knowledge of rabies, and factors associated with canine rabies vaccination in urban and rural areas of Dedougou, Burkina Faso

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 100205
Author(s):  
Laibané Dieudonné Dahourou ◽  
Madi Savadogo ◽  
Rayandwendé Arnaud Stéphane Tapsoba ◽  
Bénéwendé Aristide Kaboré ◽  
Almamy Konaté ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Canine Rabies ◽  
Dog Ownership ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Rabies Vaccination

Influence of Ageing and Regional Differences on Draught Performance of Umblachery Cattle

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 42-45
Author(s):  
Devi M Kousalya ◽  
S.M K Karthickeyan ◽  
R Venkataramanan ◽  
S N Sivaselvam ◽  
K G Tirumurugaan
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Stride Length ◽  
South India ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
Maximum Power Output ◽  
Effects Of Aging

An attempt was made to assess the effects of aging, regional differences, and draught load applied on draught potential of Umblachery cattle, an important draught breed of South India. Age had a highly significant effect (p less than 0.01) on all morphometric traits, stride length, and significant effect (p less than 0.05) on pulse rate after work. The middle age group (5.0 to 7.5 years) with more substantial stride length was identified as the critical productive age group for draught ability. Regional differences had a highly significant (p less than 0.01) influence on stride length, horsepower, and a significant effect (p less than 0.05) on pulse rate after work. The optimum draught load with which Umblachery breed could give uniform and maximum power output was found to be around 75 to 78 kg.

scholarly journals High susceptibility to varicella among urban and rural pregnant women in South India: a brief report

2021 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leeberk Raja Inbaraj ◽  
Sindhulina Chandrasingh ◽  
Nalini Arun Kumar ◽  
Jothi Suchitra ◽  
Abi Manesh
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
South India ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Lethal Outcome ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
History Of ◽  
Secondary Hospital

Abstract Varicella infection during pregnancy has serious and/or difficult implications and in some cases lethal outcome. Though epidemiological studies in developing countries reveal that a significant proportion of patients may remain susceptible during pregnancy, such an estimate of susceptible women is not known in India. We designed this study to study the prevalence and factors associated with susceptibility to varicella among rural and urban pregnant women in South India. We prospectively recruited 430 pregnant women and analysed their serum varicella IgG antibodies as surrogates for protection. We estimated seroprevalence, the validity of self-reported history of chickenpox and factors associated with varicella susceptibility. We found 23 (95% CI 19.1–27.3) of women were susceptible. Nearly a quarter (22.2%) of the susceptible women had a history of exposure to chickenpox anytime in the past or during the current pregnancy. Self-reported history of varicella had a positive predictive value of 82.4%. Negative history of chickenpox (adjusted prevalence ratio (PR) 1.85, 95% CI 1.15–3.0) and receiving antenatal care from a rural secondary hospital (adjusted PR 4.08, 95% CI 2.1–7.65) were significantly associated with susceptibility. We conclude that high varicella susceptibility rates during pregnancy were noted and self-reported history of varicella may not be a reliable surrogate for protection.

scholarly journals Epidemiological factors associated with recent HIV infection among newly-diagnosed cases in Singapore, 2013–2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Wei Ang ◽  
Carmen Low ◽  
Chen Seong Wong ◽  
Irving Charles Boudville ◽  
Matthias Paul Han Sim Toh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Epidemiological Factors ◽  
Voluntary Testing ◽  
Recent Hiv Infection

AbstractBackgroundEarly diagnosis is crucial in securing optimal outcomes in the HIV care cascade. Recent HIV infection (RHI) serves as an indicator of early detection in the course of HIV infection. Surveillance of RHI is important in uncovering at-risk groups in which HIV transmission is ongoing. The study objectives are to estimate the proportion of RHI among persons newly-diagnosed in 2013–2017, and to elucidate epidemiological factors associated with RHI in Singapore.MethodsAs part of the National HIV Molecular Surveillance Programme, residual plasma samples of treatment-naïve HIV-1 positive individuals were tested using the biotinylated peptide-capture enzyme immunoassay with a cutoff of normalized optical density ≤ 0.8 for evidence of RHI. A recent infection testing algorithm was applied for the classification of RHI. We identified risk factors associated with RHI using logistic regression analyses.ResultsA total of 701 newly-diagnosed HIV-infected persons were included in the study. The median age at HIV diagnosis was 38 years (interquartile range, 28–51). The majority were men (94.2%), and sexual route was the predominant mode of HIV transmission (98.3%). Overall, 133/701 (19.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] 16.2–22.0%) were classified as RHI. The proportions of RHI in 2015 (31.1%) and 2017 (31.0%) were significantly higher than in 2014 (11.2%). A significantly higher proportion of men having sex with men (23.4, 95% CI 19.6–27.6%) had RHI compared with heterosexual men (11.1, 95% CI 7.6–15.9%). Independent factors associated with RHI were: age 15–24 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4.18, 95% CI 1.69–10.31) compared with ≥55 years; HIV diagnosis in 2015 (aOR 2.36, 95% CI 1.25–4.46) and 2017 (aOR 2.52, 95% CI 1.32–4.80) compared with 2013–2014; detection via voluntary testing (aOR 1.91, 95% CI 1.07–3.43) compared with medical care; and self-reported history of HIV test(s) prior to diagnosis (aOR 1.72, 95% CI 1.06–2.81).ConclusionAlthough there appears to be an increasing trend towards early diagnosis, persons with RHI remain a minority in Singapore. The strong associations observed between modifiable behaviors (voluntary testing and HIV testing history) and RHI highlight the importance of increasing the accessibility to HIV testing for at-risk groups.

Risk factors associated with toxoplasmosis and toxocariasis in populations of children from nine cities in southern Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 428-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Marchioro ◽  
C.M. Colli ◽  
É.C. Ferreira ◽  
B.M. Viol ◽  
S.M. Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Parasite Control ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Positive Serology ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Epidemiological Factors

AbstractThis study investigated the epidemiological factors that contribute to the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Toxocara spp. in children from Paraná state, Brazil. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to T. gondii were detected using indirect immunofluorescence, and IgG antibodies to Toxocara were detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. For each individual, a questionnaire was completed that contained epidemiological and clinical data. The data analysis was performed using multiple logistic regression. Of the 544 children investigated, 3.2% presented co-infection with T. gondii and Toxocara spp. Of this total, 7.4% were positive for antibodies to T. gondii, and 25% were positive for antibodies to Toxocara spp. The presence of antibodies to Toxocara spp. increased the risk of T. gondii infection (P= 0.029). Children who were 1–8 years of age were less infected by T. gondii than those who were 9–12 years of age. The variables that influenced positivity for anti-Toxocara spp. were the origin of the children and contact with sand. Children with positive serology for Toxocara spp. presented more eosinophilia compared with those with non-reactive serology. Infection with both parasites reveals the need for preventive measures, such as guidance about modes of infection, parasite control and monitoring recreational areas.

scholarly journals Detection and Enumeration of the Commonest Stool Parasites Seen in a Tertiary Care Center in South India

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Vani Chandrashekar
Keyword(s):  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
South India ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Tertiary Care Center ◽  
Care Centre ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Stool Samples

The aim of this study was to identify common stool parasites in patients attending a tertiary care centre in South India. We evaluated 2355 stool samples and parasites were detected in 7.9% of samples. 41.1% of our patients were in the 45–58-year age group. Protozoal infections were the commonest seen in 7.8% of samples. Entamoeba histolytica was the commonest protozoa (4.6%) followed by Entamoeba coli (1.2%) and Giardia (0.8%). Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba coli were together seen in 0.63%, and they were the commonest organisms seen in samples with multiple-organism infection. Both were equally detected in diarrheal samples.

scholarly journals Factors associated with morbidities among infants in three sub centre areas of belgaum district of south India: A longitudinal study

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitin Joseph ◽  
ShashidharM Kotian ◽  
VijayaA Naik ◽  
NiranjanaS Mahantshetti ◽  
Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
South India ◽  
Factors Associated

TO DETERMINE THE PREVALENCE AND OCCURANCE OF VISUAL MORBIDITY IN PATIENTS OF PTERYGIUM ATTENDING EYE OPD IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE OF EASTERN INDIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 80-81
Author(s):  
Vandana Parasar ◽  
Vidyabhushan Kumar ◽  
Ankita Singh ◽  
Nilesh Mohan
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Living Condition ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Care Centre ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Male Preponderance ◽  
Uvb Exposure ◽  
Epidemiological Trends

To determine the prevalence and occurrence of visual morbidity in patients of pterygium attending eye opd in a tertiary care centre of Bihar. Methods: In this observational study a total of 193 patients, diagnosed with pterygium, underwent complete ocular examination by an ophthalmologist. Epidemiological trends including age, sex, occupation, effect of living condition and socioeconomic status were analyzed. Results: There is a male preponderance of 58.03%. The age incidence of the group showed that the incidence of pterygium was 10.36% in the age group of less than 30 years. It rises to a maximum of 29.53% in the age of 41-50 years and then gradually declines.. The incidence was found to be maximum among farmers(39.86%) followed by miners(31%). Conclusion: People who work outdoors are at a greater risk because they are subjected to involuntary UVB exposure. The highest exposure occurs during the two hours on either side of noon. Workers must be aware and should take appropriate measures like wearing protective glasses, caps, etc

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