Voluntary Intake and Palatability Indices of Pedi Goats fed Different Levels of Acacia karroo Leaf Meal by Cafeteria Method

A study was conducted to determine preference intake and relative palatability indices of tanniniferous Acacia karroo fed to 5 growing male Pedi goats with an average body weight of 19.81 ± 1.83kg. Five feeding troughs were provided to each goat and each animal was exposed to all the experimental diets. A cafeteria feeding approach was used, thus, permitting goats free access to the diet of their choice. Acacia karroo (K) was offered in a mixture with Setaria verticillata (S) hay at five different levels: Diet 1: S80K20, Diet 2: S75K25, Diet 3: S70K30, Diet 4: S60K40 and Diet 5: S50K50. The daily relative palatability indexes (RPI) obtained for each diet were subjected to analysis of variance with feeds as treatments and individual animals as replicates in a completely randomized design. Significant differences (P Diet 4> Diet 3> Diet 2> Diet 1. Diet 5 appeared to be the most preferred by goats with an RPI of 96.91%. Palatability indices were positively and significantly (Pand tannin contents. Results of this study indicate that tannin-rich Acacia karroo leaves when fed in a mixed diet can influence preference and intake by Pedi goats. Palatability studies could be used in designing supplemental feeding programs for ruminant livestock in the tropics.

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THE EFFECT OF (Morinda citrifolia L.) MEAL IN DIET ON PERFORMANCE OF BROILER

Jurnal Agroindustri ◽

10.31186/j.agroind.2.1.21-27 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 21-27

Author(s):

Yosi Fenita

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Morinda Citrifolia ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Different Levels ◽

Effect Of Feeding ◽

Average Body ◽

Average Body Weight

The objective of the research was to evaluate to effect of feeding mengkudu on performances of broilers. The research design used was completely randomized design. One hundred broilers were distributed into five treatments. The treatments were different levels of mengkudu meal (0, 0.75%, 1.5%, 2.25 % and 3%). The observed measured were feed consumption, average body weight (gain) and feed conversion. Results showed that feeding mengkudu (Morinda Citrifolia L.) no effect significant (P>0.05) on feed consumption, average body weight and feed conversion. In conclusion, feeding mengkudu meal up to 3% (in diet) does not negatively affect feed consumption, average body weight, and feed conversion.

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Nutrient intake and quantitative aspects of carcass of finishing sheep fed with diets containing cashew nut meal

Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal ◽

10.1590/s1519-99402012000400013 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 1099-1111 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Emiliano Nunes do Nascimento ◽

Marcos Cláudio Pinheiro Rogério ◽

Ana Sancha Malveira Batista ◽

Maria Socorro de Souza Carneiro ◽

Angela Maria de Vasconcelos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Intake ◽

Control Diet ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Cashew Nut ◽

Genetic Groups ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Daily Gain ◽

Average Body ◽

Average Body Weight

This work aimed to determine the nutrient intake and quantitative aspects of sheep carcass from three different genetic groups. Eighteen animals with initial average body weight of 20.1kg were used in a completely randomized design, in a factorial 3x2 scheme (three different crossbreeds - 6 F1Dorper x non defined breed, 6 F1Somalis x non defined breed and 6 F1Santa Inês x non defined breed versus two diets). The diets fed to the animals were formulated with or without cashew nuts. The inclusion of cashew nut meal in the diet influenced nutrient intake. Differences of intake among the animal groups were observed as higher intake for F1Dorper x non defined breed (NDB), followed by F1Somalis x NDB and for F1Santa Inês x NDB. However, the control diet produced no difference among these genotypes. The average daily gain was lower for both crossbreeds when cashew nut meal was added in the diets. The evaluated crossbreeds and diets did not affect the feed:gain ratio. The carcasses analyses showed that the inclusion of cashew nut meal in the diets reduced the cold carcass weight and the rib weight. The addition of cashew nut meal in the diets for lambs reduces food intake and carcass yield. The crossbreed F1Dorper x NDB presented the higher rate of average daily gain.

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Nutrient and inorganic solute (Na+ and Cl-) content in green onion plants under hydroponic cultivation using brackish water

Ciência e Agrotecnologia ◽

10.1590/1413-7054202044013320 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

Author(s):

Carlos Donato da Silva Souza ◽

Geronimo Ferreira da Silva ◽

Sirleide Maria de Menezes ◽

José Edson Florentino de Morais ◽

José Amilton Santos Júnior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Solution ◽

Brackish Water ◽

Hydroponic System ◽

Brackish Waters ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Hydroponic Cultivation ◽

Salinity Levels ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Harmful Effects ◽

Different Levels

ABSTRACT Cultivation using brackish waters can result in nutritional and metabolic imbalances in several plant species, consequently reducing the production of dry matter (DM) and accumulation of toxic ions (Na+ and/or Cl-) in plants. We evaluated the DM production, and nutrient and inorganic solute (Na+ and Cl-) content in green onion plants (cv. Todo Ano Evergreen - Nebuka) under different levels of nutrient solution salinity in combination with circulation frequencies of this solution. Two experiments were conducted in a hydroponic system, using a completely randomized design, in a 6 × 2 factorial scheme, with five replicates: six levels of nutrient solution salinity (1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0, 7.5, and 9.0 dS m-1) and two solution circulation frequencies (twice and thrice a day). In Experiment I, the evapotranspired depth was replaced using brackish water that was used to prepare each of the salinity levels (used exclusively), whereas in Experiment II, brackish water was used only to prepare each of the salinity levels and public water was used (electrical conductivity [ECw] = 0.12 dS m-1) for replacement in all treatments. The increase in the nutrient solution salinity reduced the production of DM and accumulation of nutrients; the reductions were more pronounced when brackish waters were used exclusively (Experiment I). However, the circulation of solutions thrice a day resulted in the harmful effects of the salinity effect. Replacing the evapotranspirated blade with water supply (Experiment II) mitigated the deleterious effects of salinity. Moreover, three circulations of the nutrient solution daily resulted in lower accumulation of inorganic Na+ and Cl- solutes and increased accumulation of nutrients N, P, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and S in the culture.

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The quality properties, thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values and microstructure of chicken sausage with local red beetroot powder

Food Research ◽

10.26656/fr.2017.5(s2).019 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (S2) ◽

pp. 113-119

Author(s):

W. Swastike ◽

E. Suryanto ◽

Rusman ◽

C. Hanim ◽

Jamhari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Peroxide Value ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Quality Properties ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Powder Addition ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Different Levels ◽

Temperature Storage

This research was aimed to determine the quality properties, the microstructure of chicken sausage and Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values with locally Indonesia red beetroot powder. The main ingredients of chicken sausage-making in this research were broiler chicken, filler, binder, beetroot powder, and spices. Red beetroot powder function as a filler was substituted tapioca starch in chicken sausage batter in three different levels. The combination of red beetroot powder with level 0, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0% of total batter and shelf life at room temperature for 0, 1, 2 and 3 days. Each treatment consisted of five replications. The variables observed using quality properties (moisture, ash, fat, protein, crude fiber and calorie), microstructure and peroxide value of chicken sausage. The data of quality properties and peroxide value were analyzed by using one-way analysis (ANOVA) of Completely Randomized Design. The differences between means were analyzed by Duncan's New Multiple Ranges Test. The data of microstructure was analyzed by descriptive analyses. The moisture, protein, fat and ash contents for chicken sausages were significantly different (p<0.05). The chicken sausage with 2% substitution of beet powder produced chicken sausages with a high protein content of 14.77±0.02% while a low-fat content is 0.42±0.01%. Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values of chicken sausages increased throughout the three days of room temperature storage (38°C). Chicken sausage formulated with red beetroot powder showed a significantly lower TBA value compared to the samples without red beetroot powder (p<0.05). In conclusion, a higher level of beetroot powder will improve the quality of chicken sausage and also the microstructure. The best level of beetroot powder addition was 2.0%. The addition of beetroot powder able to maintain fresh sausage conditions up to 2 days of storage at room temperature.

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Physicochemical, Microbiological and Sensory Properties of Fermented Whey using Kombucha Inoculum

Buletin Peternakan ◽

10.21059/buletinpeternak.v43i1.31496 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Fitri Suciati ◽

Nurliyani Nurliyani ◽

Indratiningsih Indratiningsih

Keyword(s):

Green Tea ◽

Black Tea ◽

Acetic Acid Bacteria ◽

Solid Content ◽

Sensory Properties ◽

Whey Protein Concentrate ◽

Plate Count ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Different Levels

This research aimed to determine physicochemical, microbiological and sensory properties of fermented whey using kombucha inoculum. The material used were kombucha, black tea, green tea, and whey protein concentrate. The research used factorial completely randomized design. The first factor was kombucha inoculum using different mediums (black and green tea) at different levels (5; 10; 15; dan 20%) as a second factor. The whey was fermented at 37oC for 39 hours. Research showed the use of kombucha inoculum using different medium (black and green tea) at different levels (5; 10; 15; dan 20%) did not affect (p>0.05) on microbiological properties (the number of Total Plate Count, total lactic acid bacteria, total acetic acid bacteria, and total yeast), dissolved protein content, lactose content, viscosity and acceptability. Black and green tea kombucha inoculum can be used in whey fermentation. Black tea kombucha fermented whey with 20% level addition has the best solid content. Relatively, kombucha fermented whey is quite acceptable.

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Economic analysis of the finishing of lambs under confinement conditions using licuri cake ( Syagrus coronata Mart. Becc.)

Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal ◽

10.1590/s1519-9940200252019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

Author(s):

Jonival Barreto COSTA ◽

Ronaldo Lopes OLIVEIRA ◽

Thadeu Mariniello SILVA ◽

Ossival Lolato RIBEIRO ◽

Rebeca Dantas Xavier RIBEIRO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soybean Meal ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Economic Parameters ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

The Impact ◽

Operation Cost ◽

Different Levels ◽

Ground Corn ◽

Corn Grain

SUMMARY The present study endeavors to determine the impact of the inclusion of licuri tart in the diet of finishing lambs, Santa Inês mestizos, by evaluating the economic parameters. For this purpose, a total of 44 lambs, including both uncastrated as well as vaccinated and wormed lambs, with an average age of six months and a mean body weight of 21.2 kg ± 2.7 kg, were employed. Initially, the lambs were fed on the diet which consisted of 40% Tifton-85 hay and 60% of a concentrated mixture, mainly composed of ground corn grain, soybean meal, mineral premix, being further followed by the inclusion of the licuri cake at four different levels (a) 0.0, (b) 8.0,(c) 16.0, and (d) 24% with respect to the dry matter. Principally, the soybean meal and milled corn were replaced by the licuri cake with these levels, thereby constituting four treatments and 11 replicates (11 lambs per treatment) in a completely randomized design. Further, for subjecting the lambs to the above mentioned four different levels of treatment, the lambs were confined for 70 days. The analysis of various economic parameters revealed that upon including the licuri cake up to the level of 24%, the operation cost decreases, which in turn results in higher profitability. However, its cost at the time of use will eventually determine its use for feeding lambs, because of the possible price variations of the ingredients used to formulate the diets along with the model of production of the rural property.

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Golden mussel (Limnoperna fortunei) in feed for broiler chicks using tannin as a sequestrant of toxic metals

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n2p843 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 843

Author(s):

Douglas Fernando Bayerle ◽

Ricardo Vianna Nunes ◽

Affonso Celso Gonçalves Junior ◽

Lucas Wachholz ◽

Carina Scherer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Toxic Metals ◽

Inert Material ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Effect Of Treatment ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Golden Mussel ◽

Different Levels

This study aimed to evaluate the use of wattle tannin as an adsorbent of toxic metals in broilers fed on diets with different levels of replacement of limestone with golden mussel meal. First, we conducted a trial to evaluate the performance of broiler chicks from 1 to 21 days old when fed on wattle tannin. For this we used 720 male broiler chicks that were one day old, in a completely randomized design with six treatments and six replications. The treatments were composed of basal diets with increasing levels of wattle tannin (0, 250, 500, 750, 1000 and 1250 g tonne-1), where the tannin replaced the inert material of the feed. All of the diets were isonutritive and isocaloric. The results showed that 250 g tonne-1 of tannin was detrimental to weight gain, final weight and feed conversion, and the use of 1000 g tonne-1 of wattle tannin, in addition to these effects, caused a drop in consumption of the ration. There was no effect of treatment on morphometric measurements of villi, crypt or the villus:crypt ratio. Next, we conducted a second test to evaluate the performance of broiler chicks from 1 to 21 days of age when fed with increasing levels of replacement (0, 25, 50, 75, 100%) of limestone with golden mussel and even supplementation or not wattle tannin. Five repetitions were used and the birds were housed in a completely randomized design. In diets with the inclusion of tannin, 250 g tonne-1 of wattle tannin was used, which replaced the inert material in the feed. In this test, 1200 male broiler chicks that were one day old were used. The results showed that the golden mussel contains large quantities of calcium, with low concentrations of toxic metals and microbiological contamination within the allowed range. Performance data show that mussel can be used to replace up to 100% of limestone in feed without affecting the variables, but the use of 250 g tonne-1 of wattle tannin affects the performance of chicks. Bone quality was not changed by the treatments. Phosphorus and calcium in the bones remained stable during treatment and only the gray variation showed interaction effects from the use of mussel and wattle tannin.

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Growth performance of 3-g Anguilla bicolor bicolor at different density

Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia ◽

10.19027/jai.13.46-53 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 46

Author(s):

Sufal Diansyah ◽

Tatag Budiardi ◽

Agus Oman Sudrajat

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Specific Growth ◽

Stocking Density ◽

Growth Stress ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Blood Profile ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Recirculation System ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Average Body

ABSTRACT This study was carried out to evaluate growth performancce of eel (Anguilla bicolor bicolor) at the density of 2 g/L, 3 g/L, and 4 g/L in the recirculation system. The experimental design used was completely randomized design with three replications. The eel used for this study was Anguilla bicolor bicolor at stadia elver with average body weight of 3 g/fish. Fish were reared for 60 days. Analysis of the blood profile and blood glucose level were done every ten days, while cortisol measurement was performed three times on the day-0, 30, and 60. Results showed that stocking density affected biomass growth. The best stocking density was 4 g/L with the growth of 10.62 g biomass/day, the specific growth of 1.47%, 1.16 feed conversion, and survival of 96.24%. All treatments did not give significant effect on the blood glucose and cortisol level. Keywords: elver, stocking density, growth, stress response, recirculation system ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja pertumbuhan ikan sidat (Anguilla bicolor bicolor) dengan padat tebar 2 g/L, 3 g/L, dan 4 g/L dalam sistem resirkulasi. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap dengan tiga ulangan. Ikan sidat yang digunakan adalah spesies Anguilla bicolor bicolor stadia elver dengan bobot rata-rata 3±1 g/ekor. Pemeliharaan dilakukan selama 60 hari. Analisis gambaran darah dan glukosa darah dilakukan setiap sepuluh hari sekali, sedangkan pengukuran kortisol dilakukan sebanyak tiga kali yaitu pada hari ke-0, 30, dan 60. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan padat tebar berpengaruh nyata terhadap laju pertumbuhan biomassa. Padat tebar terbaik adalah 4 g/L dengan laju pertumbuhan biomassa 10,62 g/hari, laju pertumbuhan spesifik 1,47%, konversi pakan 1,16, dan sintasan 96,24%. Semua perlakuan padat tebar tidak memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap kadar glukosa darah dan kortisol. Kata kunci : elver, padat tebar, pertumbuhan, respons stres, sistem resirkulasi

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ANATOMICAL STUDY OF MORINGA LEAF (MORINGA OLEIFERA LAM.) UNDER IRON FERTILIZATION

PLANT ARCHIVES ◽

10.51470/plantarchives.2021.v21.s1.418 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (supplement 1) ◽

Author(s):

Jawad Kadhim Obaid Al-Hujayri ◽

Abdoun H. Alwan ◽

Neepal Imtair Al-garaawi

Keyword(s):

Moringa Oleifera ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Anatomical Study ◽

Iron Mineral ◽

Randomized Design ◽

The Mean ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Normal Epidermis ◽

Different Levels ◽

Moringa Oleifera Lam

The effect of different levels of nano- and mineral-Iron and their method of application on anatomical properties of the upper and lower epidermis of Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) leaves was studied. Seeds of Moringa were sown in 15 kgs soil capacity pots during the growing season of 2018/2019 arranged as a factorial experiment within Completely Randomized Design, with three replicates. The factorswere a method of fertilization(soil or foliar application),three levels i.e. 0,180 and 360mg.l-1 of each of mineral and nano-Iron. The total number of experimental units was 2×3×3×3 for method, nano-Iron, mineral-Iron, and replicates respectively.The application method caused an increase in the mean dimensions of normal epidermis cells, stomatoes, and hairs.These traits were increased as Iron levels increased. Where 360 mg.l-1 of both types of Iron gave the highest dimensions. Soil application gave higher values of epidermis dimensions than that obtained from the foliar application. The number of stomatoesincreased with increasing the level of Iron. The number of normal epidermis cells was conversely proportioned with their volume.

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Response of ‘Bignay’ [Antidesma bunius (Linn.) Spreng] to cutting origins, IBA and BioGroe treatments

Plant Science Today ◽

10.14719/pst.2021.8.3.1063 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Edgar V Benabise ◽

Jonalyn J Quinan ◽

Joel G Carig

Keyword(s):

Butyric Acid ◽

Interaction Effect ◽

Shoot Length ◽

Root Number ◽

Percent Survival ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Study Results ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Different Levels ◽

Bottom Portion

The response of ‘Bignay’ [Antidesma bunius (Linn.) Spreng] to the cutting origins and different levels of plant bio-regulators consist of Indole-3-butyric Acid (IBA) and Biogroe treatments were investigated by means of 3 x 9 factorial experiment in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) using an automated mist propagator. Two hundred sixteen (216) healthy seedlings containing 9 nodes each were used in the study. Results revealed that cutting origins significantly increased shoot length but have no influence on the root number, percent rooting and percent survival. The cuttings originated from the bottom portion of the stem recorded the longest mean in terms of shoot length (12.48 mm) including the highest percent survival and percent rooting (82.41%). Highest mean number of roots were observed on the top cuttings (1.93). Indole-3-butyric Acid (IBA) and Biogroe treatments on cuttings have no effects on the different parameters evaluated. The interaction effect between cutting origins and IBA/Biogroe treatments significantly increased the percent rooting and percent survival except the shoot length and root number of Bignay cuttings. Overall, the findings inferred that A. bunius can be propagated by any cutting origin derived from the main stem of the donor plants tested. Cuttings can effectively be induced to produce roots and survive and can be economically mass propagated even without the application of different concentrations of IBA and BioGroe.

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