Vitamins Supplementation Affecting Colostrum Composition in Murrah Buffaloes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishal Mudgal ◽  
Vipin . ◽  
Anurag Bharadwaj ◽  
A. K. Verma
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Murrah Buffaloes ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
Dairy Animal

Background: Vitamins A and E are unable to get synthesized by animal’s body and due to unavailability of sufficient green fodder in the ration, supplementation is required. Buffaloes are the major milk producer dairy animal in India and hence a study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of supplementing vitamin A and E on the colostrum composition of peri-parturient Murrah buffaloes. Methods: Twenty-two multiparous Murrah buffaloes during their advance stage of pregnancy (-30 day) were selected and divided into three groups i. e. control (C, n=8), treatment 1 (T1, n=7) and treatment 2 (T2, n=7) based on the most probable producing ability of milk, parity and body weights. Buffaloes were fed either control diet (C) or supplemented with vitamin A and E @ 75,000 IU and 1,500 IU/day, respectively, in group T1 and @ 1,50,000 IU and 3,000 IU/day, respectively in group T2. Colostrum samples were collected from one day after parturition up to day 5th after calving and analysed for fat, protein, lactose, solid-not-fat and total solids. Result: Supplementation of vitamin A and E at a higher level (T2) was helpful to increase (P less than 0.05) colostrum protein levels for first three days and total solids percentage for first two days as compared to control, while colostrum lactose and solid not fat % were high (P less than 0.05) in T1 groups as compared to control at day third only. The fat percentage had a reducing tendency (P less than 0.05) in control and T1 group and total solids in the T1 group only with the advancement of the post-parturient period. Based on the findings of the study, it may be concluded that vitamins A and E supplementation had a positive influence on the colostrum composition of peri-parturient Murrah buffaloes.

scholarly journals Hyperhomocysteinemia Induced by Methionine Excess is Effectively Suppressed by Betaine in Geese

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1642
Author(s):  
Zhi Yang ◽  
Yu Yang ◽  
Jinjin Yang ◽  
Xiaoli Wan ◽  
Haiming Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lower Plasma ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Myocardial Apoptosis ◽  
Serum Homocysteine ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Similar Body

The objective of our study was to investigate the effects of excess Methionine (Met) on the growth performance, serum homocysteine levels, apoptotic rates, and Bax and Bcl-2 protein levels in geese and to study the role of Bet (betaine) in relieving excess Met-induced hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy). In this study, 150 healthy male 14-day-old Yangzhou geese of similar body weight were randomly distributed into three groups with five replicates per treatment and 10 geese per replicate: the control group (fed a control diet), the Met toxicity group (fed the control diet +1% Met), and the Bet detoxification group (fed the control diet +1% Met +0.2% Bet). At 28, 49, and 70 d of age, the geese in the Met toxicity group had significantly lower body weights than those in the control group (p < 0.05). The serum homocysteine levels in geese at 70 d of age in the detoxification group were significantly lower than those in the Met toxicity group (p < 0.05). Compared with the control, Met significantly increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis rates, while Bet reduced them. In conclusion, our results suggest that excess methionine reduces body weight induced by myocardial apoptosis, and Bet can be used to effectively lower plasma homocysteine levels.

Effect of flame roasting of dietary grains on the performance of leghorn hens

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M.G. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Body Weights

Two experiments examined the effect on the performance of Leghorn hens given diets containing flame-roasted grains from 140 to 490 d of age. In exp. 1, the inclusion of barley, corn and wheat roasted at 121, 119 and 149 °C, respectively, had no significant (P > 0.05) effect on productive performance. Experiment 2 contained a factorial arrangement of treatments that involved two sources of dietary barley (non-roasted or flame-roasted at 154 °C), two methods of milling (hammer or roller) and two dietary protein levels (15 or 18%). Hens given the diets that contained roasted barley had lower (P < 0.01–0.001) 490-d body weights, egg production, early egg weight (196 d) and number of extra large sized eggs, and higher (P < 0.05–0.01) feed conversion, monetary returns, interior egg quality and number of medium sized and grades B and C eggs than those fed the non-roasted barley control diet. Mortality, the number of large-sized eggs and egg weights, feed conversion and the occurrence of blood spots were higher (P < 0.05–0.001) while the number of medium-sized eggs was lower (P < 0.05–0.001) when the hens were fed roller compared with hammer-milled grains. Hens given the 18% protein-containing diets had higher (P < 0.05–0.01) 490 d body weight, egg production, monetary returns and numbers of small sized and grades B and C eggs, but lower (P < 0.05) mortality than those receiving the diets that contained 15% protein. Key words: Flame roasting, dietary grains, Leghorn hens

scholarly journals The effect of the addition of anise to the Holstein cattle in the locally yoghurt and cheese

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
W Alsamarai ◽  
A Al-Mosway ◽  
M Shwail ◽  
N Al- Qudsi
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
White Cheese ◽  
Milk Coagulation ◽  
Production Period

This experiment was conducted in the animal field of the Department of Animal Husbandry at the College of Agriculture/ University of Baghdad and used 9 cows Holstein after the highest milk production period 2-4 months, which were divided randomly to three groups of each group 3 cows. The first group was fed on a control diet that consisted of concentrated feed without adding. The second group was fed on a control diet plus 30% anise untreated. The third group was fed a control diet plus 30% anise treated with formaldehyde for protect it from degradable in rumen. Milk from these cows was used Manufacture of yoghurt and jellies N White soft Iraqi after conducting chemical tests for him. The results of the experiment indicated that the addition of anise resulted in a clear increase in the ratio of total solids, which included protein, fat and lactose for milk produced from cows fed on the diet added to the anise, and the increase was more in milk produced from cows fed on a diet added to the unused anise. The results of the chemical tests conducted for these treatments showed no significant differences in corrective acidity and pH values ​​between the three treatments after one day of production. The acidity of all the treatments increased with a decrease in pH by the storage period at ± 2 °C. (7) to reach 0.98- 1.059 after 7 days The results of pH of the fat also showed no significant differences between the values ​​of this characteristic of the three treatments at the beginning of manufacturing, but there was a significant increase in all treatments after seven days of storage cooled at 7 m, Science The differences in the value of the pH of the fat were not significantly between transactions. When the soft white cheese was processed, it was observed that the time of milk coagulation in the control treatment was within the optimal limits for coagulation and the incidence was 45 minutes for full coagulation, while the milk in the dry anise treatment took 40 minutes to coagulate either in the treatment of anise treated with formaldehyde. It was 55 minutes. This may be due to the increase in total solids, including protein, in the treatment of dry anise milk and its reduction in the treatment of the aniseed milk used in formaldehyde. The percentage of humidity in the treated anise plant increased to 68% compared to 63% in dry anise treatment, which was less than the control treatment (65%), while the fat percentage was lower in the last two treatments with a percentage of 24% Control which was 25%. When we observe the percentage of reflux, we find that the highest percentage of filtration was in the treatment of aniseed milk treated with formaldehyde, reaching 15%. Producers of yoghurt and soft cheese produced from the milk produced chemical, microbial and sensory properties that exceeded the treatment of control throughout the refrigerated product maintenance period, which lasted for 7 days. It is concluded from the experiment that adding anise to the feed provided to the cows contributed to improving the quality of the milk produced more than the anise treated with formaldehyde. The use of milk produced in the manufacture of milk and soft white Iraqi cheese contributed to improve the qualities of these products and prolong the life of the reservoir

PSVI-11 The Effects of Medium Chain Fatty Acid Supplementation on Sow and Piglet Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 203-204
Author(s):  
Analicia J Swanson ◽  
Jorge Y Perez-Palencia ◽  
Crystal L Levesque ◽  
Amanda Hesse
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Supplementation ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Feeding Program ◽  
Nursery Pig ◽  
Weaning Piglets

Abstract A total of 38 mixed parity sows were used from 28-d of gestation until weaning to determine the effects of medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) in sow and nursery pig diets on litter characteristics and growth performance. On 28-d of gestation, sows were blocked by parity and body weight (BW), and allotted to either a control diet (UNSUP) or a control diet plus 0.3% inclusion of DaaFit Plus (MCFA) fed during gestation and lactation. At weaning, piglets (n=432) were allocated in a 2x2 factorial based on maternal diet (UNSUP or MCFA) and post-weaning diet (UNSUPnurs or MCFAnurs) in a 3-phase nursery pig feeding program lasting 42 days. Individual piglets were weighed at birth, 7-d, at weaning and every 2 weeks post-weaning. A flu outbreak occurred during the latter part of gestation leading to high overall stillborn rate (11%). There was no impact of MCFA supplementation on sow performance (P&gt;0.14). During the suckling period, MCFA fed to sows had no impact on piglet weights or ADG (P&gt;0.82). In the nursey period, overall gain (0.112±0.02 kg) was low in the first two weeks possibly due to health challenges. Supplementation of MCFA to sows or nursery pigs had no impact on body weights during the nursery period (P&gt;0.32); however, absolute differences between groups increased with week [wean, 0.10kg; wk 2, 0.14kg; wk 4, 0.71kg; wk 6, 0.83kg) to the advantage of MCFA fed pigs. Pigs from MCFA fed sows had greater feed intake (P&lt; 0.02) from 14 to 28-d and decreased gain:feed (P &lt; 0.04) from 28 to 42-d compared to pigs from UNSUP sows. Overall, sow and nurser-y pigs fed MCFA had numerically greater 42-d BW, ADG, and ADFI. In conclusion, despite health challenges, supplementation with MCFA in gestation, lactation or in the nursery period improved piglet performance.

A study on the vitamin A activity of carotene in green fodder

1946 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. Ray Sarkar ◽  
K. C. Sen
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Relative Efficiency ◽  
Chemical Method ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
A Value ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
Biological Tests ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Β Carotene

1. With the object of determining the vitamin A value of carotene in different green fodders, an investigation has been undertaken to study (i) the relation between the chemically determined carotene and its biological activity as compared with that of standard carotene, (ii) the purity of apparent carotene from different sources, (iii) absorption of carotene in rats, and (iv) the relative efficiency of the standard carotene and preformed vitamin A.2. Biological tests have shown that the chemical method of assay is a fair index of the true carotene content in green fodders, and carotene in the form of an extract is quite as effective in the system as that present in the plant tissues. β-Carotene appears to be predominant in these materials.

scholarly journals Growth and zinc homeostasis in the severely Zn-deficient rat

1984 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Giugliano ◽  
D. J. Millward
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Zinc Homeostasis ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Cyclic Changes

1. Male weanling rats were fed on diets either adequate (55 mg/kg), or severely deficient (0.4 mg/kg) in zinc, either ad lib. or in restricted amounts in four experiments. Measurements were made of growth rates and Zn contents of muscle and several individual tissues.2. Zn-deficient rats exhibited the expected symptoms of deficiency including growth retardation, cyclic changes in food intake and body-weight.3. Zn deficiency specifically reduced whole body and muscle growth rates as indicated by the fact that (a) growth rates were lower in ad lib.-fed Zn-deficient rats compared with rats pair-fed on the control diet in two experiments, (b) Zn supplementation increased body-weights of Zn-deficient rats given a restricted amount of diet at a level at which they maintained weight if unsupplemented, (c) Zn supplementation maintained body-weights of Zn-deficient rats fed a restricted amount of diet at a level at which they lost weight if unsupplemented (d) since the ratio, muscle mass:body-weight was lower in the Zn-deficient rats than in the pair-fed control groups, the reduction in muscle mass was greater than the reduction in body-weight.4. Zn concentrations were maintained in muscle, spleen and thymus, reduced in comparison to some but not all control groups in liver, kidney, testis and intestine, and markedly reduced in plasma and bone. In plasma, Zn concentrations varied inversely with the rate of change of body-weight during the cyclic changes in body-weight.5. Calculation of the total Zn in the tissues examined showed a marked increase in muscle Zn with a similar loss from bone, indicating that Zn can be redistributed from bone to allow the growth of other tissues.6. The magnitude of the increase in muscle Zn in the severely Zn-deficient rat, together with the magnitude of the total losses of muscle tissue during the catabolic phases of the cycling, indicate that in the Zn-deficient rat Zn may be highly conserved in catabolic states.

Hexose transporter expression in rat small intestine: effect of diet on diurnal variations

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (1) ◽  
pp. G211-G216 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. Corpe ◽  
C. F. Burant
Keyword(s):  
Daily Variation ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Hexose Transporter ◽  
Diurnal Pattern ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Feeding Study ◽  
Hexose Transporters ◽  
Transporter Expression

In rodents, a number of intestinal digestive and absorptive processes demonstrate a diurnal pattern of activity. To investigate if the jejunal hexose transporters are regulated in such a diurnal fashion, the levels for the glucose and fructose transporter mRNA and proteins were determined at 6-h intervals over a 24-h control fed period. SGLT-1, GLUT-2, and GLUT-5 mRNA levels increased between two- and eightfold before the onset of peak feeding. GLUT-5 protein levels also varied in a diurnal fashion but were out of phase with the observed changes in GLUT-5 mRNA levels. In contrast, GLUT-2 protein levels remained relatively constant during the control fed 24-h period. The effect of dietary manipulations on the observed diurnal variation was also investigated. After only 3 h of feeding a 60% fructose-enriched diet, the levels of GLUT-5 mRNA and protein were significantly elevated. GLUT-5 mRNA and protein levels remained elevated relative to the level of control diet-fed animals over the ensuing 24 h and during the 7th day of fructose feeding. Exposure to elevated levels of fructose had no significant effect on the diurnal pattern of GLUT-2 and SGLT-1 mRNA. In contrast, GLUT-2 protein was rapidly downregulated during the length of the fructose feeding study. In conclusion, the data demonstrate a normal daily variation in the level of hexose transporter expression that can be rapidly modulated by diet.

scholarly journals Effect of vitamin A on severity of acute diarrhea in children

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Marlisye Marpaung ◽  
Supriatmo Supriatmo ◽  
Atan Baas Sinuhaji
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Stool Consistency ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Vitamin A Supplementation ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Stool Volume ◽  
Group 1

Background Vitamin A deficiency may increase the risk or bea cause of diarrhea. Many studies have been conducted on theefficacy of vitamin A in the management of acute diarrhea, butthe outcomes remain inconclusive.Objective To determine the effectiveness of vitamin A in reducingthe severity of acute diarrhea in children.Methods We performed a single􀁈blind􀁈randomized controlledtrial in the Secanggang District, Langkat Regency, North ofSumatera, from August 2009 to January 2010 in children aged6 months to 5 years, who had diarrheas. Subjects were dividedinto two groups. Group 1 received a single dose of vitamin A(100,000 IU for subjects aged 6 to 11 month old or with bodyweights :s 10 kg, or 200,000 IU for subjects aged 2: 12 month oldor with body weights> 10 kg). Group 2 received a single doseof placebo. The establishment of severity was based on changesin diarrheal frequency, stool consistency, volume and durationof diarrhea after treatment. We performed independent T􀁈testand Chi square tests for statistical analyses. The study was anintention􀁈to􀁈treat analysis.Results We enrolled 120 children who were randomized intotwo groups of 60 subjects each. Group 1, received vitamin Aand group 2 received a placebo. The results showed significantdifferences between the two groups in stool volume starting onthe first day (95%CI 192.30 to 3237.51; P􀁉O.OOI), as well asdiarrheal frequency (P=O.OOl) and stool consistency (P=O.OOl)on the second day observation and duration of diarrhea followingtreatment (95%CI - 40.60 to - 25.79; P􀁉O.OOI;).Conclusions Vitamin A supplementation is effective in reducingthe severity of acute diarrhea in children under five years of age.[Paediatr lndones. 2013;53:125-31.]

QUALITY EVALUATION OF YOGURT PRODUCED COMMERCIALLY IN ONTARIO

1972 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Duttschaever ◽  
D. R. Arnott ◽  
D. H. Bullock
Keyword(s):  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
The Mean

Analyses for fat, total solids, solids-not-fat (SNF), pH, and net weight were conducted on 152 yogurts of which 15 were unflavored. These yogurts were produced by 13 different manufacturers and sold in Ontario. The fat content of all samples varied from 0.9 to 3.6% with a mean of 1.98%. For the plain yogurt, the mean fat percentage was 2.46%. The SNF content of all samples ranged from 10.0 to 28.9% with a mean of 18.96%. For the plain yogurt, the mean SNF percentage was 13.40. The pH values for all samples varied from 3.27 to 4.53. The mean overweight for all samples was 7.2% with as much as 15% for one manufacturer.

scholarly journals COCONUT MEAL INCLUSION IN HIGH CONCENTRATE SHEEP DIETS AFFECTS FEED DIGESTIBILITY AND INTAKE1

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 692-701
Author(s):  
PAULA FABRINY MAUÉS DA SILVA ◽  
SARAH OLIVEIRA SOUSA PANTOJA ◽  
FELIPE NOGUEIRA DOMINGUES ◽  
ANIBAL COUTINHO DO RÊGO ◽  
CRISTIAN FATURI
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Feed Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Coconut Meal

ABSTRACT Coconut meal can be an affordable low-cost alternative to noble ingredients such as corn and soybean meal in sheep diets. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of coconut meal inclusions, when used as a corn and soybean meal replacement, on the intake, digestibility, and nitrogen balance of sheep diets. Twenty-four male Santa Inês lambs with body weights (BW) of 26.6 ± 3.2 kg were used in the study. The animals were housed in metabolic cages and distributed in a completely randomized block design, with three treatments and eight replications. The animals received a total mixed ratio of 30% roughage (elephant grass) and 70% concentrate. The animals were fed on two experimental diets with 11% and 22% coconut meal inclusion and a control diet (without coconut meal). Dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and non-fibrous carbohydrate (NFC) intake as a percentage of BW were negatively influenced by the inclusion of coconut meal. The ether extract (EE) intake increased but did not differ between the 11% and 22% coconut meal diets. Furthermore, the digestibility of DM, CP, EE, and ADF did not differ between the two evaluated diets. The inclusion of coconut meal reduced NDF digestibility and increased that of NFC. The level of inclusion of coconut meal in the diet must be based on the EE content in the meal; keeping the EE intake below 0.16% of the BW helped to avoid limited intake of feed.

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