Screening black gram genotypes under artificially inoculated conditions for powdery mildew resistance

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Priyanka ◽  
S. Rangaiah ◽  
R. Pavan
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Black Gram ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
House Condition ◽  
Cent Disease

An effective and durable genetic resistance in black gram genotypes against powdery mildew provides a cost effective and reliable strategy to reduce the yield losses and save quality of the harvest. The identification of potential resistant source(s) is the most crucial step in disease resistance breeding. In the present study, out of 116 genotypes screened, genotype LBG-645 recorded lowest per cent disease severity of 0.77 and was found to be highly resistant to powdery mildew under green house condition. Under in vitro condition also, LBG-645 which was found to be highly resistant with 3.33×103 conidia colony, 0.94 per cent of leaf area covered by powdery mildew and 1.00 colony per leaflet was recorded. Hence, resistant genotype LBG-645 must be used in further breeding programme for the development of resistant varieties of black gram against powdery mildew.

scholarly journals Estimation of yield and grain qualities of marker assisted backcross derived lines of submergence rice against sheath blight disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1042-1048
Author(s):  
S. K. Ghritlahre ◽  
Mahesh Rao ◽  
S. L. Pavani ◽  
Vineeta Singh ◽  
U. S. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Sheath Blight ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Sheath Blight Disease ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Moderate Resistance ◽  
Cent Disease ◽  
Resistance Score

Sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani is one of the most devastating diseases of rice (Oryza sativa) and causes enormous yield losses over the world after blast, the disease can cause yield loss upto 50 per cent in advanced stage and adversely affects quality of straw. Breeding for resistant varieties is the only viable option to combat the disease efficiently. In this study, our findings showed a significant increase in number of spikelet’s per panicle (3.45 %), test weight (0.62 %) and grain yield (0.72 %) compared to recurrent parent Swarna sub-1. The range of mean performance of 18 BC2F1 selected improved lines varied for per cent disease severity from 26.75 to 43.58 at 16 days after inoculation. Among the 18 improved lines, only four lines (Swarna sub-1-6, Swarna sub-1-32, Swarna sub-1-13 and Swarna sub-1-29) showed resistance score of 1-3. The remaining fourteen lines showed moderate resistance with a score of 3-5. Hence, the resistance line could be exploited in sheath blight resistance breeding programme and the same line can also be released as a variety against sheath blight of rice after testing over multilocation trails.

scholarly journals Evaluation of powdery mildew resistance in various melon (Cucumis melo L.) genotypes

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-284
Author(s):  
Zh. Ivanova ◽  
K. Vasileva ◽  
N. Velkov ◽  
S. Grozeva
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Leaf Disc ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
South Central ◽  
Leaf Disc Assay ◽  
Disc Assay

Abstract. Powdery mildew, caused by Podosphaera xanthii and Golovinomyces cichoracearum, is an economically important disease in melon worldwide. Genetic resistance is one of the most suitable strategies to control powdery mildew. During the last few years several races of the pathogens have been reported. The need to develop resistant varieties is a challenge for each breeding program. Leaf disc assay was used in phytopathology and breeding programs as a rapid and reliable method for evaluation of disease resistance in a large number of plant materials. The purpose of this study was to establish species and races of powdery mildew in Plovdiv region, South Central Bulgaria; to develop a suitable system of pathogen isolation and cultivation; to determine the resistance levels in different melon genotypes available in Maritsa Vegetable Crops Research Institute (MVCRI) - Plovdiv collection by the leaf disc assay. Fifty-three melon genotypes, including lines, varieties, hybrids and ten differential lines were tested. The data showed that causal agent of powdery mildew was race 1 of P. xanthii in Plovdiv region. Our experimental results indicated that for the long-term storage of powdery mildew it is preferable to keep a whole plant under in vitro conditions. This allows the preservation of powdery mildew for two months before transferring on a new tissue. Thirty-four of the tested melon genotypes reacted as immune or resistant and nineteen as susceptible. Resistant melon genotypes are a suitable source in initiating a new breeding program aimed to increase resistance to powdery mildew.

scholarly journals An Improved In Vitro Pyrogen Test To Detect The Presence of Endotoxin Containing Bacteria Using Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate Assay From Pharmaceutical Raw Product

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-79
Author(s):  
Tanvir Bashar ◽  
Khondokar Mahzebin Shurovi ◽  
Sanjida Dilshad
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Drug Preparation ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Key Word ◽  
Pseudomonas Species ◽  
Lal Assay

Most of the environmental organism possess endotoxin which presence indicates the organisms are much lethal and for the purposes bacteriological quality of pharmaceutical raw products is much important. In these current study, 2 raw materials out of 10 were found to containing pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas species in the culture medium, that indicates the raw materials were contaminated with the deadly organism. These two raw materials checked for the presence of Endotoxin and both provided positive gel clot by Limulas amoebocyte lysate (LAL) assay. Quality maintenance and assurance is the essential need of Drug preparation in pharmaceutical sector. The result ensure that Pharmaceutical industry should need to follow GMP and HACCP to minimize the contamination for improving the biological safety of the product in a cost-effective manner. Key Word: Limulas amoebocyte lysate (LAL) assay, Gram negative bacteria, endotoxin. doi:10.3329/sjps.v1i1.1812    S. J. Pharm. Sci. 1(1&2): 76-79

scholarly journals Bioremediation of lead using bacterial isolates and study their plant relieving effect on wheat under metal contamination

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashakha J. Shukla ◽  
Vishwa R. Vyas
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Wheat Plant ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Heavy Metal Resistance ◽  
Metal Resistance

Increasing concentration of heavy metals due to various anthropogenic activities is a serious problem. To overcome this issue, many chemical and physical methods are available but they are either directly or indirectly harmful to nature. By these methods more quality of chemicals are wasted. So, bioremediation is the best method to remove pollutants. It is an eco-friendly and cost-effective process. A low concentration of heavy metal is required to plant for their growth and metabolic process but at higher concentration, plants do not survive. With the use of microbes, we can survive plants at certain levels. During this work heavy metal tolerating microorganism was isolated and purified. Various tests were performed like staining, minimum inhibitory concentration, multiple heavy metal resistance, multiple antibiotic resistance, biochemical test, DNA isolation, in vitro examination of the wheat plant under the stress condition of lead (1000ppm).

Survey for the powdery mildew of black gram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] in parts of Northern Karnataka, India.

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (03) ◽  
pp. 5309
Author(s):  
Shripad Hanmntrao Kulkarni* ◽  
Channaveeresh T. S.
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Vigna Mungo ◽  
Black Gram ◽  
Rabi Season ◽  
Erysiphe Polygoni ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Cent Disease

Powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe polygoni DC is one of the major constraints in the production of black gram, which lead to a potential decrease in yield (40-90%). In order to know the severity of black gram powdery mildew, the roving survey was carried out to know the severity of the disease in five districts of northern Karnataka viz., Belgaum, Dharwad, Gadag, Haveri and Uttara Kannada districts during Kharif and Rabi season of 2012-13. Maximum mean per cent disease severity (PDI) was observed in Belgaum district (68.72%) followed by Dharwad district (59.73%), Haveri district (52.10%) and Uttara Kannada district (44.59%). Whereas, minimum per cent disease severity (PDI) was noticed in Gadag district (20.23%).

Development of Novel Wheat-Aegilops longissima 3Sl Translocations Conferring Powdery Mildew Resistance and Specific Molecular Markers for Chromosome 3Sl

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huanhuan Li ◽  
Xiubin Tian ◽  
Shaolong Pei ◽  
Wenqiang Men ◽  
Chao Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Addition Line ◽  
Mildew Resistance ◽  
Aegilops Longissima ◽  
Translocation Lines

Powdery mildew of wheat, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), is a destructive disease of wheat. Cultivation of resistant varieties is the most cost-effective disease management strategy. Previous studies reported that chromosome 3Sl#2 present in Chinese Spring (CS)-Aegilops longissima 3Sl#2(3B) disomic substitution line TA3575 conferred resistance to powdery mildew. In this study, we further located the powdery mildew resistance gene(s) to the short arm of chromosome 3Sl#2 (3Sl#2S) by evaluating for Bgt-resistance of newly developed CS-Ae. longissima 3Sl#2 translocation lines. Meanwhile, TA7545, a previously designated CS-Ae. longissima 3Sl#3 disomic addition line, was re-identified as an isochromosome 3Sl#3S addition line and evaluated to confer resistance to powdery mildew, thus locating the resistance gene(s) to the short arm of chromosome 3Sl#3 (3Sl#3S). Based on transcriptome sequences of TA3575, ten novel chromosome 3SlS-specific markers were developed, of which, five could be used to distinguish between 3Sl#2S and 3Sl#3S derived from Ae. longissima accessions TL20 and TA1910 (TAM4), and the remaining five could identify both 3Sl#2S and 3Sl#3S. Besides, CL897, one of five markers specific to both 3Sl#2S and 3Sl#3S, could be used to detect Pm13 located at chromosome 3Sl#1S from Ae. longissima accession TL01 in diverse wheat genetic backgrounds. The powdery mildew resistance genes on chromosomes 3Sl#2S and 3Sl#3S, the CS-Ae. longissima 3Sl#2 translocation lines, and the 3SlS-specific markers developed in this study will provide new germplasm resources for powdery mildew resistance breeding and facilitate the transfer of Bgt-resistance genes into common wheat.

Screening for resistance of grape varieties to powdery mildew (Erysiphenecator) disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 585-590
Author(s):  
Andekelile Mwamahonje ◽  
Deusdedit Kilambo ◽  
Leon Mrosso ◽  
Tileye Feyissa
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Spore Suspension ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Grape Vine ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Level

This study was conducted to evaluate the susceptibility of grapevine varieties to powdery mildew. Powdery mildew is a disease caused by a fungal, Erysiphenecator, and an obligate parasite of grapevine (Vitisvinifera L.). Powdery mildew causes drastic yield losses of 50 to 70%. Commercial grapevines grown in producing countries are susceptible to powdery mildew. Use of fungicides to control the disease is expensive and not environmentally friendly. Therefore, use of grapevine resistant varieties to powdery mildew is cost-effective control method. In this study, ten varieties (Black rose, Regina, Queen of Vineyards, Alphoncelavallee, Makutupora red, Chancellor, Halilibelyji, Syrah, Ruby seedless and Makutupora white) were screened for resistance to powdery mildew, using artificial inoculation of spore suspension and dry inoculums. Infected grape leaves were sampled from the field and grounded to obtain powder which was used as dry inoculum. The spore suspension inoculum was made by mixing powder with sterilized distilled water. The inoculation was done in two blocks with concentration of 2x105 spore/ml. Disease severity was evaluated based on a scale of 0 5; 0, means immune and 5, high level of disease severity. Results showed significant difference (P<0.05) of disease among grape vine varieties evaluated. It was found that 11.1% were resistant, 33.4% tolerant and 55% susceptible to disease. Grapevine variety Chancellor showed the highest level of resistance, and Black rose the most susceptible. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of using inoculation methods in screening resistance to powdery mildew.

scholarly journals Down regulation of cotton GbTRP1 leads to accumulation of anthranilates and confers resistance to Verticillium dahliae

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhuan MIAO ◽  
Longfu ZHU ◽  
Xianlong ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Verticillium Wilt ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Cellular Localization ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Cancer Disease ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Broad Spectrum Resistance ◽  
Disease Resistance Breeding

Abstract Background Verticillium wilt, caused by Verticillium dahliae, is called a “cancer” disease of cotton. The discovery and identification of defense-related genes is essential for the breeding of Verticillium wilt-resistant varieties. In previous research we identified some possible broad-spectrum resistance genes. Here, we report a tryptophan synthesis-related gene GbTRP1 and its functional analysis in relation to the resistance of cotton to V. dahliae. Results Expression analysis shows that GbTRP1 is suppressed at 1 h and 6 h post V. dahliae infection, but activated at 12 h and 24 h, and the expression of GbTRP1 is highly induced by treatment with salicylic acid and jasmonic acid. Sub-cellular localization studies show that GbTRP1 is localized in the chloroplast. Suppression of GbTRP1 expression leads to lesion-mimic phenotypes and activates the immune response in cotton by showing enhanced resistance to V. dahliae and B. cinerea. Metabolomic analysis shows that anthranilic compounds significantly accumulated in GbTRP1-silenced plants, and these metabolites can inhibit the growth of V. dahliae and B. cinerea in vitro. Conclusions Our results show that suppression of GbTRP1 expression dramatically activates the immune response and increases resistance of cotton to V. dahliae and B. cinerea, possibly due to the accumulation of anthranilate compounds. This study not only provides genetic resources for disease resistance breeding, but also may provide a basis for new chemical control methods for combatting of fungal disease in cotton.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Genetic Architecture for Fusarium Head Blight Resistance in Durum Wheat: The Complex Association of Resistance, Flowering Time, and Height Genes

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuefeng Ruan ◽  
Wentao Zhang ◽  
Ron E. Knox ◽  
Samia Berraies ◽  
Heather L. Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight Resistance ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fhb Resistance

Durum wheat is an economically important crop for Canadian farmers. Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most destructive diseases that threatens durum production in Canada. FHB reduces yield and end-use quality and most commonly contaminates the grain with the fungal mycotoxin deoxynivalenol, also known as DON. Serious outbreaks of FHB can occur in durum wheat in Canada, and combining genetic resistance with fungicide application is a cost effective approach to control this disease. However, there is limited variation for genetic resistance to FHB in elite Canadian durum cultivars. To explore and identify useful genetic FHB resistance variation for the improvement of Canadian durum wheat, we assembled an association mapping (AM) panel of diverse durum germplasms and performed genome wide association analysis (GWAS). Thirty-one quantitative trait loci (QTL) across all 14 chromosomes were significantly associated with FHB resistance. On 3BS, a stable QTL with a larger effect for resistance was located close to the centromere of 3BS. Three haplotypes of Fhb1 QTL were identified, with an emmer wheat haplotype contributing to disease susceptibility. The large number of QTL identified here can provide a rich resource to improve FHB resistance in commercially grown durum wheat. Among the 31 QTL most were associated with plant height and/or flower time. QTL 1A.1, 1A.2, 3B.2, 5A.1, 6A.1, 7A.3 were associated with FHB resistance and not associated or only weakly associated with flowering time nor plant height. These QTL have features that would make them good targets for FHB resistance breeding.

Different Techniques of Residual Composite Removal following Debonding—Time Taken and Surface Enamel Appearance

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Oliver ◽  
J. Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Tungsten Carbide ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Surface Damage ◽  
Enamel Surface ◽  
Practical Skills ◽  
Surface Appearance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Scanning Electron

Four different methods of in vitro residual composite removal following debonding performed by two different operators (an orthodontist and a hygienist) were assessed for enamel surface damage (using scanning electron microscopy) and the time involved. There was no difference in the quality of enamel surface appearance between the two operators, regardless of the method used for composite removal. There was a statistically significant difference (P < 0·05) for the time taken for composite removal between the two operators using a tungsten carbide bur method only. It is suggested that an expanded duties auxiliary with the practical skills of the hygienist would be able to remove residual composite debris and produce a satisfactory polished enamel surface using tungsten carbide burs and aluminium oxide polishing discs, thus becoming a safe and cost-effective member of the orthodontic team.

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