Effects of cadmium-induced oxidative stress on growth and nitrogen assimilation in blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]

Cadmium (Cd) accumulation, oxidative damage, and nitrogen metabolism were studied in roots and leaves of 30-d-old blackgram plants [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper], grown in a mixture of soil and compost (3:1) with different Cd concentrations. Significant reductions in both root and shoot dry weight were noted. The concentration of Cd in roots and leaves increased with increasing Cd levels. The level of lipid peroxidation elevated with a consequent increase in H2O2 content under Cd stress in both plant organs. The activity of enzymes mediating the nitrogen assimilation in roots and leaves was greatly reduced in the presence of Cd, except glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) which showed a significant increase.

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Evaluation of Two Wild Castor (Ricinus Communis L.) Accessions for Cadmium Tolerance in Relation to Antioxidant Systems and Lipid Peroxidation

10.21203/rs.3.rs-167950/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Akwasi Yeboah ◽

Jiannong Lu ◽

Shuailei Gu ◽

Liu Haiyan ◽

Yuzhen Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Ricinus Communis ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Antioxidant Systems ◽

Tolerance Index ◽

Cd Stress ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Mda Content

Abstract The present study was conducted to assess the effect of toxicity of cadmium (Cd) on growth, tolerance index (TI), antioxidant activities, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in two contrasting wild castor accessions (16–024 and S2-4) via hydroponic experiment (0 and 100 mg/L Cd). The results showed that Cd significantly reduced the growth rate, seedling height, root length, and shoot length of the castor accessions compared to control, with the Cd effect being more severe in S2-4 than in 16–024. In addition, biomass response including the root and shoot fresh weight and root dry weight decreased in both accessions compared to control. Shoot dry weight of 16–024 increased (p > 0.05) by 2.04 % compared to S2-4 which declined by 21.07 %, suggesting a minimal effect of Cd and a level of tolerance in 16–024. Analysis of TI on all the growth parameters and biomass content revealed that accession 16–024 was highly tolerant to Cd stress than S2-4. The results further revealed that the expression of the antioxidant enzymes viz., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), non-enzymatic antioxidant; glutathione, and MDA content, were influenced by genotype. S2-4 exhibited a higher antioxidant activity (SOD, CAT) and lipid peroxidation activity than 16–024, indicative of oxidative damage from Cd stress.

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Silymarin-Enriched Biostimulant Foliar Application Minimizes the Toxicity of Cadmium in Maize by Suppressing Oxidative Stress and Elevating Antioxidant Gene Expression

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom11030465 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 465

Author(s):

Hesham F. Alharby ◽

Hassan S. Al-Zahrani ◽

Khalid R. Hakeem ◽

Hameed Alsamadany ◽

El-Sayed M. Desoky ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Gene Expression ◽

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Antioxidative Enzymes ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Cd Stress ◽

Enzyme Gene ◽

Maize Plants ◽

Maize Grain

For maize, the potential preventive role of foliar spraying with an extract derived from maize grain (MEg, 2%), silymarin (Sm, 0.5 mM), or silymarin-enriched MEg (MEg-Sm) in attenuating the stress effects of cadmium (Cd, 0.5 mM) was examined using a completely randomized design layout. Under normal conditions, foliar spraying with MEg, Sm, or MEg-Sm was beneficial (with MEg-Sm preferred) for maize plants, whereas the benefit was more pronounced under Cd stress. The use of Cd through irrigation water decreased plant growth traits, photosynthetic efficiency, including instantaneous carboxylation efficiency, Fv/Fm, and pigment contents, and hormonal contents (e.g., auxin, gibberellins, cytokinins including trans-zeatin, and salicylic acid). These undesired findings were due to an increase in Cd content, leading to increased levels of oxidative stress (O2•− and H2O2), ionic leakage, and lipid peroxidation. Therefore, this damage resulted in an increase in the activities of nonenzymatic antioxidants, Sm, antioxidative enzymes, and enzyme gene expression. However, under Cd stress, although foliar spray with MEg or Sm had better findings than control, MEg-Sm had better findings than MEg or Sm. Application of MEg-Sm greatly increased photosynthesis efficiency, restored hormonal homeostasis, and further increased the activities of various antioxidants, Sm, antioxidative enzymes, and enzyme gene expression. These desired findings were due to the suppression of the Cd content, and thus the levels of O2•−, H2O2, ionic leakage, and lipid peroxidation, which were positively reflected in the growth and accumulation of dry matter in maize plants. The data obtained in this study recommend applying silymarin-enriched maize grain extract (MEg-Sm at 0.24 g Sm L−1 of MEg) as a spray solution to maize plants when exposed to excess Cd in soil or irrigation water.

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The Effect of Cadmium on Oxidative Stress in Beta vulgaris

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S ◽

10.1515/eces-2018-0031 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 457-467 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Agnieszka Rombel-Bryzek ◽

Małgorzata Rajfur ◽

Olga Żuk ◽

Patryk Zając

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Beta Vulgaris ◽

Cadmium Concentration ◽

Photosynthetic Pigment ◽

Pigment Content ◽

Ros Scavenging ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Photosynthetic Pigment Content ◽

Activity Of Enzymes

Abstract As a heavy metal, cadmium has strongly toxic effects on plants and can induce oxidative stress. It is absorbed by the roots and transported to the stems and leaves. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of various concentrations of cadmium on the metabolic activity of Beta vulgaris and assess the dependence of these processes on the content of metal in the plants. To demonstrate the effect of cadmium on metabolism, protein and photosynthetic pigment content, lipid peroxidation, and the activity of enzymes specific for oxidative stress in roots and shoots were measured. Seeds of B. vulgaris were treated with different concentrations of Cd supplied via a CdCl2 solution: 0 (control), 200, 300 and 400 mg/dm3. Results of the present study revealed increased GPOX activity as cadmium concentration rose, while SOD activity was stimulated by a low Cd concentration (200 mg/dm3) and reduced by high levels of Cd. Based on the present findings, it can be concluded that GPOX in B. vulgaris played a more important role in ROS scavenging than SOD did and was able to reduce the level of lipid peroxidation in plants. Cadmium, in the concentration range used, did not show any significant effect on protein or photosynthetic pigment content.

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Effect of Nano and Bulk Nickel Oxide on Biomass and Antioxidant Enzymes Production of Fennel

Jurnal Agritech ◽

10.22146/agritech.55643 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 71

Author(s):

Hilda Besharat ◽

Ramazan Ali Khavari-Nejad ◽

Homa Mahmoodzadeh ◽

Khadijeh Nejad Shahrokh Abadi

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Nickel Oxide ◽

Control Method ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽

Root Weight ◽

Enzymatic System ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

The Impact

The production, growth, and physiological processes of plants respond differently to the varying concentrations of nanoparticles. Due to the increasing importance and application of nanoparticles, it is essential to determine the impact on plants physiological systems. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of different bulk and nano nickel oxide concentrations on biomass production and the enzymatic system of fennel. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with the applications of 5 replications and 5 concentrations (0, 20, 100, 400, and 800 ppm) in the greenhouse of the Faculty of Science, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University. This study analyzed various plants traits, including shoot and dry root weight and a few antioxidant enzymes. The results showed that root and shoot dry weight were not affected by the applied treatments. Furthermore, all applied levels of treatment significantly increased the activity of fennel leaf polyphenol oxidase compared to the control. The bulk treatment at 800 ppm was exempted, where the application of bulk nickel oxide and nanoparticles decreased dehydrogenase enzyme activity. In addition, the activity of guaiacol peroxidase increased under all levels of treatments except 100 ppm nanoparticles. The highest amount of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity was obtained under 20 ppm treatment with a 61.98% increase compared to the control method. Furthermore, nickel oxide treatments also increased MDA. The results showed that nanomaterials' toxicity, caused oxidative stress in this plant, and the differences in MDA content of leaves explained the higher toxicity of NiO nanoparticles than bulk form. Moreover, higher activity of leaf antioxidative enzymes in bulk NiO2 treatments, especially Guaiacol Peroxidase, explained the plant's higher resistance to oxidative stress.

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Evaluation of two wild castor (Ricinus communis L.) accessions for cadmium tolerance in relation to antioxidant systems and lipid peroxidation

Environmental Science and Pollution Research ◽

10.1007/s11356-021-14844-z ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Akwasi Yeboah ◽

Jiannong Lu ◽

Shuailei Gu ◽

Haiyan Liu ◽

Yuzhen Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Ricinus Communis ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Antioxidant Systems ◽

Control Group ◽

Tolerance Index ◽

Cd Stress ◽

Mda Content

AbstractThe present study was conducted to assess the effect of toxicity of cadmium (Cd) on growth, tolerance index (TI), antioxidant activities, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in two contrasting wild castor accessions (16-024 and S2-4) via hydroponic experiment (0 and 100 mg/L Cd). The results showed that Cd significantly reduced the growth rate, seedling height, root length, and shoot length of the castor accessions compared to the control, with the Cd effect being more severe in S2-4 than in 16-024. In addition, biomass response including the root and shoot fresh weight and root dry weight decreased in both accessions compared to the control. Compared to the control group, the shoot dry weight of accession S2-4 declined by 21.7%, whereas there was no change in 16-024, suggesting a level of tolerance in 16-024. Analysis of TI on all the growth parameters and biomass content revealed that accession 16-024 was highly tolerant to Cd stress than S2-4. The results further revealed that the expression of the antioxidant enzymes, viz., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), non-enzymatic antioxidant, glutathione, and MDA content, was influenced by genotype. S2-4 exhibited a higher antioxidant activity (SOD, CAT) and lipid peroxidation activity than 16-024, indicative of oxidative damage from Cd stress.

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Nitrate Increases Cadmium Accumulation in Sweet Sorghum for Improving Phytoextraction Efficiency Rather Than Ammonium

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.643116 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Zhenqing Bai ◽

Dan Li ◽

Lin Zhu ◽

Xiaoyu Tang ◽

Yanfeng Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sweet Sorghum ◽

Net Photosynthesis ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Cadmium Accumulation ◽

Cd Stress ◽

Cd Accumulation ◽

Ph Values ◽

Net Photosynthesis Rate ◽

Phytoextraction Efficiency ◽

Cd Species

Sweet sorghum has potential for phytoextraction of cadmium (Cd) owning to its large biomass and relatively high Cd tolerance. Nitrogen affects both growth and Cd concentrations in plants. However, different forms of nitrogen effects on Cd accumulation in sweet sorghum to improve efficiency of Cd phytoremediation is still elusive. In this study, nitrate substantially promoted both dry weight and Cd concentrations in leaves, stems + sheaths and roots of sweet sorghum when compared with ammonium. As a result, Cd accumulation in nitrate-supplied sweet sorghum was around 3.7-fold of that in ammonium-supplied plants under unbuffered pH condition, while the fold was about 2.2 under buffered pH condition. We speculated pH values and Cd species in the growth medium to some extent contributed to increased Cd accumulation as affected by nitrate. Net photosynthesis rate and Fv/Fm of nitrate-treated plants under Cd stress were higher than that of ammonium-treated plants when the pH was unbuffered. Responses of antioxidant capacity in roots to Cd stress with nitrate application were stronger than that with ammonium supplementation. Taken together, nitrate is more suitable than ammonium for Cd phytoextraction by using sweet sorghum, which is able to enhance at least double efficiency of phytoextraction.

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Effect of Foliar Fertigation of Chitosan Nanoparticles on Cadmium Accumulation and Toxicity in Solanum lycopersicum

Biology ◽

10.3390/biology10070666 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 666

Author(s):

Mohammad Faizan ◽

Vishnu D. Rajput ◽

Abdulaziz Abdullah Al-Khuraif ◽

Mohammed Arshad ◽

Tatiana Minkina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solanum Lycopersicum ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Plant Morphology ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Cadmium Accumulation ◽

Cd Stress ◽

Shoot Dry Weight

Cadmium (Cd) stress is increasing at a high pace and is polluting the agricultural land. As a result, it affects animals and the human population via entering into the food chain. The aim of this work is to evaluate the possibility of amelioration of Cd stress through chitosan nanoparticles (CTS-NPs). After 15 days of sowing (DAS), Solanum lycopersicum seedlings were transplanted into maintained pots (20 in number). Cadmium (0.8 mM) was providing in the soil as CdCl2.2.5H2O at the time of transplanting; however, CTS-NPs (100 µg/mL) were given through foliar spray at 25 DAS. Data procured from the present experiment suggests that Cd toxicity considerably reduces the plant morphology, chlorophyll fluorescence, in addition to photosynthetic efficiency, antioxidant enzyme activity and protein content. However, foliar application of CTS-NPs was effective in increasing the shoot dry weight (38%), net photosynthetic rate (45%) and SPAD index (40%), while a decrease in malondialdehyde (24%) and hydrogen peroxide (20%) was observed at the 30 DAS stage as compared to control plants. On behalf of the current results, it is demonstrated that foliar treatment of CTS-NPs might be an efficient approach to ameliorate the toxic effects of Cd.

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Changes in lipid peroxidation during pregnancy and after delivery in rats: effect of pinealectomy

Reproduction ◽

10.1530/reprod/119.1.143 ◽

2000 ◽

pp. 143-149 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

RM Sainz ◽

RJ Reiter ◽

JC Mayo ◽

J Cabrera ◽

DX Tan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Oxidative Damage ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Physiological State ◽

High Energy ◽

Free Radical Scavengers ◽

Radical Scavengers ◽

Oxygen Requirement ◽

Pregnant Rats

Pregnancy is a physiological state accompanied by a high energy demand of many bodily functions and an increased oxygen requirement. Because of the increased intake and utilization of oxygen, increased levels of oxidative stress would be expected. In the present study, the degree of lipid peroxidation was examined in different tissues from non-pregnant and pregnant rats after the delivery of their young. Melatonin and other indole metabolites are known to be direct free radical scavengers and indirect antioxidants. Thus the effect of pinealectomy at 1 month before pregnancy on the accumulation of lipid damage was investigated in non-pregnant and pregnant rats after the delivery of their young. Malonaldehyde and 4-hydroxyalkenal concentrations were measured in the lung, uterus, liver, brain, kidney, thymus and spleen from intact and pinealectomized pregnant rats soon after birth of their young and at 14 and 21 days after delivery. The same parameters were also evaluated in intact and pinealectomized non-pregnant rats. Shortly after delivery, lipid oxidative damage was increased in lung, uterus, brain, kidney and thymus of the mothers. No differences were detected in liver and spleen. Pinealectomy enhanced this effect in the uterus and lung. It is concluded that during pregnancy high levels of oxidative stress induce an increase in oxidative damage to lipids, which in some cases is inhibited by the antioxidative actions of pineal indoles.

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Resistance of erythrocytes from Brown trout (Salmo trutta m. trutta L.) affected by ulcerative dermal necrosis syndrome

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.2478/v10181-011-0065-0 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 443-448 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

N. Kurhalyuk ◽

H. Tkachenko ◽

K. Pałczyńska

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Brown Trout ◽

Salmo Trutta ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Control Group ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance ◽

Tbars Level ◽

Reactive Substance ◽

Brown Trout Salmo Trutta

Resistance of erythrocytes from Brown trout (Salmo trutta m. trutta L.) affected by ulcerative dermal necrosis syndrome In the present work we evaluated the effect of ulcerative dermal necrosis (UDN) syndrome on resistance of erythrocytes to haemolytic agents and lipid peroxidation level in the blood from brown trout (Salmo trutta m. trutta L.). Results showed that lipid peroxidation increased in erythrocytes, as evidenced by high thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels. Compared to control group, the resistance of erythrocytes to haemolytic agents was significantly lower in UDN-positive fish. Besides, UDN increased the percent of hemolysated erythrocytes subjected to the hydrochloric acid, urea and hydrogen peroxide. Results showed that UDN led to an oxidative stress in erythrocytes able to induce enhanced lipid peroxidation level, as suggested by TBARS level and decrease of erythrocytes resistance to haemolytic agents.

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Cell Size and Pretransplant Nutritional Conditioning Influences Early Vine Growth and Yield of Transplanted Watermelon

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.4.594e ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 594e-594

Author(s):

Charles J. Graham

Keyword(s):

Cell Volume ◽

Significant Influence ◽

Field Performance ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Average Weight ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Solids Concentration ◽

Soluble Solids Concentration

Research is needed to better understand the influence of cell volume and fertility on watermelon transplant size and field performance in order to determine the most economic production practices. `Jubilee' watermelon transplants were grown using a 4 x 4 factorial experimental design consisting of 4 cell volumes (30.7, 65.5, 147.5, and 349.6 cm3) and 4 fertility rates (0, 1/4, 1/2, and full-strength Hoagland's solution). Transplant shoot dry weight significantly increased as cell volume and fertility increased. Increasing cell volume linearly increased watermelon number/ha and tons/ha for early and total harvest in 1995. The average weight per watermelon significantly increased for early-harvested fruit but not for total harvest as cell volume increased in 1995. Soluble solids concentration linearly increased with increasing cell volume for early and total harvests in 1995. Cell volume had no significant influence on the harvest parameters measured in 1997. In 1995, increasing fertility linearly increased watermelon number/ha and tons/ha for early harvests. Increasing fertility increased the soluble solids concentration linearly for early-harvested watermelons in 1997 but not in 1995. Fertility rate had no significant influence on any of the other harvest parameters measured in 1995 and 1997. The growing conditions and disease pressure in 1997 reduced melons/ha, yield, and soluble solids content when compared to 1995 values. The half-strength Hoagland's solution produced the greatest number of watermelons/ha, tons/ha, and the highest soluble solids concentration in 1995 and 1997. Pretransplant nutritional conditioning had no significant effect on total `Jubilee' watermelon production in Louisiana for 1995 and 1997.

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