LES ANNÉES 1980 OU LE TEMPS DE L”™INNOCENCE: un tournant sociétal dans l”™histoire du trafic de drogue au Mexique

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 161-183
Author(s):  
SABINE GUEZ
Keyword(s):  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
Socioeconomic Background ◽  
Ciudad Juarez ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
Mexican Society ◽  
Great Transparency ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Drug Traffickers ◽  
La Red

 Résumé : Cet article décrit une époque charniá¨re dans l”™histoire sociale et politique du négoce de la drogue au Mexique : les années 1980, temps de l”™engouement irréfléchi, tous milieux socioéconomiques confondus, pour les trafiquants de drogue, et une période de grande transparence des accointances d”™une partie de l”™élite au sein du crime organisé. L”™intérêt suscité par ses retombées financiá¨res se diffuse alors au sein de l”™État comme en dehors, et des liens institutionnels se doublent de relations d”™affaires, d”™amitié, d”™amour. L”™essor du trafic de la cocaá¯ne dans les années 1980 et les transformations sociales en lien avec la corruption qu”™il engendra sont appréhendés á  travers les cheminements biographiques de plusieurs protagonistes. Je défends l”™idée que le mouvement vers l”™autonomie des trafiquants de drogue remonte á  cette époque et qu”™il est corrélé á  la densification du maillage des participations de prá¨s ou de loin á  une activité qui devint alors plus que jamais collective.Mots-clés: Mondes du trafic de drogue. Société mexicaine. Ciudad Juárez.OS ANOS 1980 OU O TEMPO DA INOCáŠNCIA:  uma virada societal na história do trafico de droga no México  Resumo: Este artigo descreve uma época crucial na história social e polá­tica do negócio da droga no México: os anos 1980, tempo de um entusiasmo insano pelos traficantes de droga, vivido por diversos meios socioeconômicos, e um perá­odo de grande transparência dos vá­nculos de uma parte da elite com o crime organizado. O interesse despertado pelos benefá­cios financeiros, decorrentes desse negócio, se difunde dentro e fora do Estado, e algumas relações institucionais vêm acompanhadas de relações comerciais, de amizade, de amor. A expansão do tráfico de cocaá­na nos anos 1980 e as transformações sociais ligadas á  corrupção que ele produzira são apreendidas através dos percursos biográficos de diversos protagonistas. Defendemos a ideia de que o movimento de autonomização dos traficantes de droga data dessa época e que ele é correlacionado á  densificação da rede das participações, diretas ou indiretas, em uma atividade que se torna, mais do que nunca, coletiva.Palavras-chave: Mundos do Tráfico de Drogas. Sociedade Mexicana. Cidade Juárez.THE 1980s OR THE AGE OF INNOCENCE:  a societal turning point in the history of drug trafficking in Mexico  Abstract: This article describes a key moment in the sociopolitical history of drug trafficking in Mexico: the 1980s, a decade of heedless enthusiasm for drug traffickers ”“ regardless of socioeconomic background ”“ and a time when sections of the social, economic, political elites and organized crime intermingled with great transparency. Interest in the trade”™s financial benefits spread inside and outside of the state, and institutional links doubled as business ties, friendships, love affairs. The rise of cocaine trafficking in the 1980s and the social transformations brought about by the corruption it engendered are apprehended via the biographical journeys of several protagonists. The movement toward the autonomy of drug traffickers is traced back to this moment in time, and analyzed in correlation with the then growing network of participants, both direct and indirect, making drug trafficking an increasingly collective activity in Mexico.Keywords: Drug trafficking worlds. Mexican society. Ciudad Juárez.LOS Aá‘OS 1980 O EL TIEMPO DE LA INOCENCIA:  un giro societal en la historia del tráfico de drogas en MéxicoResumen: Este artá­culo describe un momento clave en la historia social y polá­tica del negocio de las drogas en México: los años 1980. Fue la década del entusiasmo irreflexivo, en que participan todas las clases sociales, y cuando la interpenetración entre traficantes y una parte de la élite social, económica y polá­tica se da con mucha transparencia. El interés que sus repercusiones financieras despiertan se difunde tanto dentro como fuera del Estado, y a los vá­nculos institucionales se añaden asuntos de negocios y relaciones de amistad y amor. El auge del tráfico de cocaá­na en los años 1980 y las transformaciones sociales vinculadas con la corrupción generada por ese auge, son comprendidos a través de las secuencias biográficas de diversos protagonistas. Defendemos la idea de que el movimiento de autonomización de los traficantes de droga data de esa época y que está correlacionado con la densificación de la red de las participaciones, ya sea directa o indirectamente, en una actividad como nunca colectiva.Palabras clave: Mundos del tráfico de drogas. Sociedad mexicana. Ciudad Juárez.

scholarly journals Imaginarios de la violencia en el cine mexicano contemporáneo. El caso de Miss Bala, de Gerardo Naranjo.

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 185-219
Author(s):  
Mayté Murillo
Keyword(s):  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Social Imaginaries ◽  
Mexican Cinema ◽  
Mexican Society ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Spectator ◽  
Narrative Forms

The article reflect on the construction of the imaginary of violence in the contemporary Mexican cinema, and how the social imaginaries are connected with the filmic imaginaries. Edgar Morin's suggestion about the imaginary is crucial for this reflection, also Merleau-Ponty’s ideas about the Phenomenology of the perception. To support this aim, an analysis exercise of Miss Bala (Gerardo Naranjo, 2011 is proposed, a representative film that approach the issue of violence that was increased since the symbolic "declaration of war" to drug trafficking during Felipe Calderón government. Its aesthetic and narrative forms allow the spectator to glimpse other manifestations of violence, which go beyond visual spectacular violence, to allow us to see more intrinsic and symbolic ways, based on the Žižek approach. The present reflection can provide the reader a panoramic perspective on the role played by the cinema and its filmic imaginaries in the constitution of the social imaginaries, on how one lives, perceives, condemns and assimilates a social reality pronounced by narco violence in Mexican society.

scholarly journals Psychiatry in Vilnius in 16th–20th Centuries: Review on Social Transformations

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 246-262
Author(s):  
Aistis Žalnora
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Modern Analysis ◽  
Main Tendency ◽  
The 19Th Century

There issue of Psychiatry in Vilnius is unexplored field especially in a terms of its social aspects. Most of the former papers devoted to psychiatry in Vilnius were written in descriptive manner or they were uncritical case studies of one or another hospital. One of the first successful studies that was constructed by using modern methodology was a monograph of Dr. Tomas Vaisėta that described a social features of Vilnius psychiatry. However, the study is devoted to a late period – Soviet psychiatry only. Therefore the modern analysis of earlier periods and other Vilnius hospitals was still missing. In our article, we set us a goal, namely, to find the most important features, the so‑called paradigm fractures in the social history of Vilnius psychiatry. The main tendency which should be emphasized was uneven development of Vilnius psychiatry, especially in a terms of attitude towards the patient. In most cases that could be interpreted in a light of a broader Global context. In Vilnius hospitals just like in other countries mentally ill were discriminated because of their unclear social and economic status. In the earliest period the mentally ill as an outcast of society is being locked in a jail‑like mental hospitals or fall into complete favor of the monastery hospices. The 19th century positivism at least theoretically brought humane paradigm to Lithuanian psychiatry. However, because of the limited medical measures as well as economic reasons the later period was marked by the realism or even negativism of semi‑modern interwar psychiatry. Mentally ill again falls into a status of outcast or a burden to the society. The question of responsibility towards mentally ill is avoided by the community as well as by state. Nevertheless, some original solutions were found in Vilnius district. The mentally ill were employed in local farms that at‑least partly solved the issues of economic burden. Moreover, there were some more tendencies that do not fit in the global narrative. Despite the technical advance in treatment that gradually enabled the psychiatrists to help the patient, in the Soviet period we observe the opposite tendency that was to restrain and harm the mentally ill patient. In many cases even totally healthy people were misdiagnosed to be mentally ill and received harsh chemical treatment and isolation because of their personal criticism towards totalitarian Soviet system.

scholarly journals Forgotten Border Actors: the Border Reinforcers. A Comparison Between the U.S.–Mexico Border and South American Borders

2002 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Grimson ◽  
Pablo Vila
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
El Paso ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ciudad Juarez ◽  
South American ◽  
The Social ◽  
Mexico Border ◽  
History Of ◽  
Good Neighbor ◽  
The U.S

This article is a critique of two different types of essentialisms that have gained widespread acceptance in places as distant as the U.S.-Mexico border and different Mercosur frontiers. Both essentialisms rely on metaphors that refer to the concept of "union," and put their emphasis on a variety of "sisterhood/brotherhood" tropes and, in particular, the "crossing" metaphor. This kind of stance tends to make invisible the social and cultural conflict that many times characterizes political frontiers. The article wants to reinstall this conflictive dimension. In that regard, we analyze two different case studies. The first is the history of a bridge constructed between Posadas, Argentina and Encarnación, Paraguay. The second is the community reaction toward an operation implemented by the Border Patrolin 1993 ("OperationBlockade") in a border that for many years was considered an exemplar of the "good neighbor relationships" between Mexico and the United States, the frontier between El Paso and Ciudad Juárez. Key Words: U.S.-Mexico border, Operation Blockade, Mercosur frontier, political frontier, Argentina, Paraguay, Mexico, United States, Posadas, El Paso , Encarnación, Ciudad Juárez, Border Patrol.

scholarly journals La representación social del narcotraficante en jóvenes sinaloenses

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (69) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiram Reyes-Sosa ◽  
Maider Larrañaga-Egilegor ◽  
Jose Francisco Valencia-Garate
Keyword(s):  
Social Perception ◽  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Social Representation ◽  
Social Imaginaries ◽  
Historical Outline ◽  
The Social ◽  
Negative Images ◽  
Socially Relevant ◽  
Drug Traffickers

El narcotráfico es una problemática instaurada en México, y gracias a la figura del narcotraficante ha cobrado gran relevancia social. Los objetivos del estudio fueron presentar un esbozo histórico del narcotraficante en épocas diferentes; conocer tanto la representación social que los jóvenes sinaloenses tienen del personaje, así como su valoración sobre él. En el estudio participaron, por partes iguales, hombres y mujeres de la ciudad de Culiacán, Sinaloa. Se aplicó un cuestionario de libre evocación de palabras, con una pregunta inductora, y se usó el software evoc para tratar los datos, ya que los analiza con base en jerarquías de frecuencias y orden de evocación. Los resultados evidenciaron una valoración divergente del narcotraficante, que fluctúa entre lo positivo y lo negativo, que se aparta de las imágenes y valoraciones negativas difundidas por políticos y medios de comunicación.Palabras clave: percepción social; imaginarios sociales; narcocultura; narcotraficante; narcotráfico; Sinaloa; jóvenes; impacto social; ideología. The social representation of drug traffickers among Sinaloense youthsAbstract: the problem of drug trafficking is present in México, and thanks to the drug trafficker’s figure, this phenomenon has become very socially relevant. This study’s objectives were to present a historical outline of drug traffickers at different times, and to know their social representation and assessment among Sinaloense youths. In Culiacan, Sinaloa, men and women participated equally in the study. A free evocation of words questionnaire, with an inducing question, was applied, and the evoc software was used to process the data based on frequency hierarchies and evocation order. Results showed a divergent assessment of drug traffickers, which fluctuates between positive and negative and diverges from the negative images and assessments disseminated by politicians and the media.Key words: social perception; social imaginaries; drug-trafficking culture; drug trafficker; drug trafficking; Sinaloa; youths; social impact; ideology.

scholarly journals Duke Wenceslas and the possible reasons for his assassination in the context of the social transformations of the central Bohemian territory in the first third of the tenth century

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-193
Author(s):  
Tomáš Petráček
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Tenth Century ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

In this paper the author analyses sources of the tenth century to reconstruct the social history of Bohemian territory in a period of transition towards a centralised state organisation and develops a new theory on the possible reasons for the assassination of Duke Wenceslaus in the year 935.

scholarly journals THE PROBLEMS OF THE HISTORY OF OSSETIA AND THE PEOPLES OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS IN THE A.K. DZHANAEV’S WORKS

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Г.И. ЦИБИРОВ ◽  
G.I. TSIBIROV
Keyword(s):  
Early Age ◽  
Educational Organizations ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Revolutionary Movement ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
The North ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Professional Historian ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

В статье прослеживается жизненный и творческий путь Акима Казбековича Джана- ева — одного из видных представителей поколения осетинской научной интеллигенции, чья творческая биография складывалась в период глубоких общественных трансформа- ций первой половины XX в. А. К. Джанаев рано проявил интерес к гуманитарному знанию, который со временем превратился в осознанное желание стать профессиональным исто- риком. Этому способствовала и общественная атмосфера 1920-х — 1930-х гг., когда об- разованная часть общества активно вовлекалась в обсуждение вопросов идеологического обоснования строительства социализма в СССР. Джанаев много лет преподавал в разных учебных заведениях. Но его главным призванием стало занятие наукой. В статье отмеча- ется большой вклад ученого в развитие исторического осетиноведения и кавказоведения. Автор характеризует основные направления научно-исследовательской деятельности Джанаева. Обширность его научных интересов подчеркивает перечень тем, к которым исследователь обращался на протяжении своей долгой жизни в науке. Среди них вопросы феодального землевладения в Дигории, развития революционного движения и социалисти- ческого строительства на Северном Кавказе, проблемы осетинской историографии, ар- хеографические и источниковедческие изыскания и т.д. Представлен библиографический список трудов А. К. Джанаева, в котором значится 84 названия, включающих монографии, статьи, а также сборники научных статей и документов, в подготовке которых уча- ствовал исследователь. The article traces the course of life and creativity of Akim Kazbekovich Dzhanaev — one of the prominent representatives of the generation of Ossetian scientific intelligentsia, whose creative biography was being formed during the period of profound social transformations in the first half of the XX c. A. K. Dzhanaev developed interest in the Humanities at a very early age, and this interest eventually turned into conscious desire to become a professional historian. The social atmosphere of 1920-1930 facilitated this, when the educated layer of the society was actively engaged in discussing issues of ideological foundation for the socialism construction in USSR. Dzhanaev taught for many years in different educational organizations. But scientific research was his main calling. The article marks the scientist’s important contribution into development of the Ossetian studies and Caucasology. The author characterized the main directions of Dzhanaev’s research activities. The list of themes the researcher treated during his long life in science outlines breadth of his scientific interests. Among them there are problems of feudal landowning in Digoria, development of the revolutionary movement and socialist construction in the North Caucasus, as well as the questions of the Ossetian historiography, archeographical and source studying, etc. The bibliographical list of the Dzhanaev’s works is presented. It contains 84 titles including the monographs, articles, as well the collected scientific articles and documents, in elaborating which the researcher participated.

scholarly journals In Search of Sources for Studying Russian Social History of 1990s: Materials from the Archive of the Kuban State University

2018 ◽  
pp. 740-749
Author(s):  
Irina G. Tazhidinova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Full Time ◽  
State University ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Gender History ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
Life Trajectories ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Strategies

Although the last decade of the 20th century is the most important stage in the development of modern Russia, the historiography on social history of the period is insufficient as archival sources on the social history of 1990s are difficult to identify. While studying life trajectories of young people who were entering adulthood at the end of the Soviet era and had to work out new strategies for self-realization during global social transformations, the author has found it difficult to search for adequate sources. These have been eventually found in the archive of the Kuban State University. The article assesses informative potential of educational records of students. They are useful for studying several important issues of social history of 1990s: social mobility of the population, educational and professional strategies of the youth, gender history. New Russian realities had an impact on the fates of 1992 and 1993 graduates of the full-time department of the historical faculty of the Kuban State University — they are to become a target group of sociological study planned by the author. With a series of interviews in view, the author has analyzed documents in graduates’ educational records, which are preserved in the archive of the Kuban State University: applications for entrance examinations admission, characteristics from schools, certificates of employment, recommendations, referrals, examination answer sheets, grade records, student ID cards, health certificates. This information provides a collective portrait of graduates, who received a diploma of ‘historian’ in the period of change. The analysis of documents from graduates’ educational records helped to select future respondents and develop an interview form. The author believes that searching in departmental archives can bring to light many aspects of social history of 1980s-1990s as a ‘turning point’ in the Russian history, which greatly impacted the contemporaries’ fates.

scholarly journals Trabajo social, sociopraxis y metodologías participativas: retos, oportunidades y transiciones de lo local a lo global

2020 ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Antonio Álvarez-Benavides
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Work ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Trabajo Social ◽  
History Of Social Work

La historia del trabajo social (TS) en España está condicionada por el papel de la Iglesia y del catolicismo en la concepción epistemológica y práctica de la asistencia social y del TS. Esta historia ha tenido una serie de consecuencias, como la tardía institucionalización de la profesión, las dificultades de su incorporación a las universidades y su equiparación con otras ciencias sociales. Estos procesos, a su vez, han provocado dos fenómenos que tienen una dimensión interna y externa: el asistencialismo y la protocolización. Sin embargo, un nuevo contexto de equiparación del TS con el resto de estudios universitarios a través del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES) y las transformaciones sociales durante y después de la crisis económica invitan al replanteamiento de la profesión y de la ciencia. Este texto pretende ser una reflexión sobre las potencialidades de la sociopraxis y de las metodologías participativas en dicha reformulación, como puntos de partida y herramientas para plantear una nueva relación entre trabajadores/ as sociales y destinarios. Además, se analizarán las posibilidades de transformación social que promueven estas epistemologías y metodologías en la práctica profesional, formativa y académica del trabajador/a social en el ámbito local, comunitario y en la sociedad en su conjunto.The history of Social Work in Spain is conditioned by the role of Catholicism in the epistemological and practical conception of social assistance and social work. This history has had several consequences: late institutionalization and professionalization, and difficult incorporation to the universities compared to other social sciences. These processes have caused internal and external results: assistentialism and protocolization. However, a new context in which Social Work has been equated with university studies through the EHEA and social transformations due to the economic crisis invites us to rethink Social Work as a profession and as a science. This text aims to reflect on the potentialities of sociopraxis and participatory methodologies in such reformulation, as the starting points and tools to pose a new relation between social workers and stakeholders. It will also analyze the capacity of social transformation promoted by these epistemologies and methods in the social worker professional, formative, and academic practice in the local and communitarian sphere and the whole society.

Chino

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Oliver Chang
Keyword(s):  
Social Rights ◽  
The Public ◽  
National Crisis ◽  
Mexican Culture ◽  
Mexican Society ◽  
Political Function ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
Mexican Politics

This book tells the history of anti-Chinese politics in Mexican culture. It reveals the hidden influence that anti-Chinese racism, or antichinismo, has had on the formation of the revolutionary government and mestizo national identity. The imagined racial figure of Chinese men created a profound impact in Mexican society. The book employs an Asian Americanist critique to evaluate Mexico as a racial state to discuss the political function of antichinismo at various points of national crisis. After the revolution, the social rights mandate of the 1917 constitution created a new rationality for the legitimacy and authority of the national state – to care for the good of the indigenous population. This book shows how Mexican politics relied upon racism against Chinese people to create polemical notions of the public good that helped generate new relationships between the government and the governed. The book is divided chronologically to attend to three major phases of antichinismo: the disposable worker, the killable subject, and the pernicious defiler. Through discourses of Chinese racial difference, diverse Mexican actors created alternative visions of the nation and helped rework the relationships of rule and consent. A regional approach to telling this national story illustrates that people took up antichinismo for different reasons but coalesced through the state ideology of revolutionary government’s mestizo nationalism.

scholarly journals History of disappearance in México: profiles, modus and motivations.

2017 ◽  
pp. 247
Author(s):  
Óscar Daniel Rodríguez Fuentes
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Authoritarian Rule ◽  
Social Crisis ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Research Studies

The enforced disappearance as serious human rights violations had been practiced in México constantly. The profiles of missing people, the modus and the motivations had been changed as well as the context, for this reason, our research studies the evolution of the some variables, from political reasons in the authoritarian rule of past century up to the social crisis that began with the fight against drug trafficking. The enforced disappearance is a big problem no only by the number of victims (30,000) but also for the corruption and impunity that surround this crime in a supposed context of democracy.  

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document