scholarly journals Formation of working conditions and the problems of hygienic assessment of industrial environmental factors in railway tunnels

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (12) ◽  
pp. 1145-1149
Author(s):  
Galina V. Kurenkova ◽  
E. P. Lemeshevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
The Body ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
The North

Tunnels are an integral part of the ways and artificial constructions of the railway. Objective assessment of working conditions is important, because current regulations fail to allow to give a definite hygienic assessment of some factors of the production environment of the tunnels. Objective: to reveal the peculiarities of the formation of working conditions in railway tunnels with the subsequent hygienic assessment for the development of preventive measures. Measurement of the factors of working process and working environment is carried out with the use of the certified equipment for the approved the hygienic and sanitary-chemical methods in workplaces in tunnels of the East-Siberian railway. Specific conditions were shown to be formed due to constructive solutions, climate and geographical location, the length of railway tunnels, the composition of the rocks through which the tunnel, the nature of the maintenance tunnels, ventilation system, repetition rate and type of passing rolling stock. All employees from occupational groups from examined tunnels were established to be exposed to high concentrations of aerosols with predominantly fibrogenic action, noise levels, adverse climate (low positive and negative temperatures, high relative humidity and mobility of air), the lack of natural lighting, low levels of artificial light, hard exertion of labor (dynamic physical load, working position, the slopes of the body, movement in space). Additionally, high levels of the vibration, nonionizing and ionizing radiation were typical for jobs of the Baikal and the North-Muya tunnel. There is proposed the algorithm of hygienic assessment of the microclimate, light environment at the working places depending on the time of the works in the underground conditions and constructional features of tunnels, methods of accounting personnel dose rates from natural sources.

scholarly journals Health-saving measures in preventing diseases associated with working conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-378
Author(s):  
Inna V. Lapko ◽  
Alla V. Zheglova ◽  
Inessa A. Bogatyreva ◽  
Kristina V. Klimkina
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
The Body ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Medical Documentation ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Lipid Metabolism Disorders

Introduction. The health of employees of harmful industries indicates its disadvantage and dependence on behavioural and occupation risk factors, promoting the formation of diseases associated with their impact. In this regard, it is essential to improve hygienic and medical-preventive measures to strengthen and restore the health of the able-bodied population, based on the use of health-saving principles aimed at developing skills for a healthy lifestyle and monitoring predictors of functional disorders of the body and the health of workers. The purpose of the study. Implementation and evaluation of the effectiveness of preventive measures using health-saving methods to optimise the production environment and extend the longevity of workers working in harmful working conditions. Material and methods. Two hundred eighty-two employees of the “Starooskolsky plant of automotive electrical equipment named after A.M. Mamonov” exposed to harmful factors of the working environment were examined. The health status of employees was assessed according to the data of periodic and preventive medical examinations, medical documentation, with an assessment of the prevalence of priority classes of diseases. Behavioural risk factors (smoking, physical activity, the nature of nutrition) and associated functional indices of health disorders were studied: body mass index, biochemical indices. A health-saving program was proposed and tested, including an organisational, training and monitoring unit. Results. The health status assessment of the workers of the studied enterprise showed the structure of morbidity to be formed by cardiovascular pathology, diseases of the spine and joints, respiratory organs, the psycho-emotional sphere, endocrinopathy, reaching almost 70%. More than half of the employees are overweight against the background of an unbalanced and irrational diet, a low level of physical activity, and lipid metabolism disorders. The introduction and testing of a preventive program developed on principles of health saving contributed to improving the health of employees and reducing morbidity. Conclusion. The recommended set of health-saving measures contributed to optimising working environment conditions, correcting the state of health of employees, and prolongation of labour longevity.

Problems of Improving Working Capacity of the Operators at High-Tech Industries

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
N.L. Vishnevskaya ◽  
◽  
L.V. Plakhova ◽  
M.Yu. Liskova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Muscle Tension ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Industrial Complexes ◽  
Persistent Fatigue ◽  
Process Work ◽  
High Level

Modern high-tech industry intensifies the production load on operators. The problem of maintaining a high level of working capacity and error-free work is growing. Earlier studies revealed that the work of operators in hermetically sealed rooms is characterized by the following: monotony, hypokinesia, lack of psychological and industrial contacts, static muscle tension, as well as a lot of frequently repeated small movements caused by the fact that the technical system is controlled indirectly — through the remote control. The operator is affected by the factors of a closed production environment (microclimate) and the labor process (work and rest mode, long working shifts), which together form a general status called fatigue. The main factor that causes fatigue is the integral extensive intensity of the activity. The dynamics of physiological processes characterizing fatigue and the possibility of erroneous actions were evaluated. It is established that low-intensity factors, which form the working conditions of operators of high-tech industrial complexes, provoke persistent fatigue, a decrease in the functional reserves of the body, the development and aggravation of professionally caused diseases. The degree of fatigue was assessed by the indicators of the latent time of sensorimotor reactions, the stability of attention and the error of actions. The obtained data confirm the need in developing effective ways and means of maintaining working capacity. In particular, the regulated breaks and pauses filled with the specially developed schemes of isometric exercises, should be introduced (according to a special schedule) into the work and rest mode with a 12-hour schedule. The study substantiates the need for further making recommendations on the development of preventive measures to optimize the working conditions of the operators in high-tech industries.

scholarly journals Northern Ethnic Groups Unusual Dishes

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-236
Author(s):  
L. Berketova ◽  
D. Korotkovа
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Main Product ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
The Body ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Middle Latitudes ◽  
The North ◽  
Side Dish ◽  
River Fish

As you know, the formation of the diet of various peoples of the world is influenced by many factors: first of all, geographical location and climate, which determines the consumption of certain types of fruits, plants, and animals. This formed the people’s features in the development and structure of the body and led to differences in health. The article provides information about the food traditions of the northern ethnic groups. The “northern” type of metabolism requires the predominance of protein and fat components in the diet. Studies show that people who came to the Far North from the middle latitudes, their need for protein increased by 16%, in fat by 42%, in carbohydrates decreased by 40%. Food rich in fat and high in calories allows you to saturate the body and give it the necessary amount of energy without increasing the volume of food consumption. Meat products: deer meat, game, meat of large marine animals: walruses, seals, whales. Pinniped meat per 100 g contains 24.5 g of protein and 113 kcal. It is also rich in potassium, sodium and phosphorus, vitamins A, B2 and other compounds. An important role in the life of Northern peoples is played by berries: cranberries and cloudberries, which contain dietary fiber (2.5 g and 6.3 g), vitamins B2 (0.02 mg and 0.07 mg), C (15 mg and 29 mg), E (1 mg and 1.5 mg), magnesium (7 mg and 29 mg), calcium (25 mg and 15 mg), phosphorus (16 mg and 29 mg), potassium (90 mg and 180 mg). Wild sorrel, wild cherry, lichen and other herbs are widely used in food and medicine and contain a complex of enzymes, vitamins, fat, and organic acids. The main product is sea and river fish: whitefish, white salmon, tugun, arctic cisco and others. Fish is served in dried, boiled, smoked, salted, frozen or baked types, usually without a side dish, which is not so common in the North, most often it is replaced by berries or roots. In winter, stroganina is a delicacy. Dried fish also goes into flour, which is used to make soup, bake bread, or mix with berries. The article presents information on such dishes as ngaibat, kanyga, “blood soup”, kopal’khen or kymgyt, kiviak, akutaq and others.

Assessment of working conditions at mining enterprises

2020 ◽  
pp. 226-233
Author(s):  
Zh.T. Alpysbayeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Multiple Regressions ◽  
Functional Systems ◽  
Professional Groups ◽  
The Impact

The author presents the results of a comprehensive assessment of working conditions and functional systems of the body of workers in the conditions of by-product coke production. Harmful factors of the working environment negatively impacting on the health indicators of workers, which is reflected in the high values of morbidity with temporary disability. Quantitative criteria for identifying risk groups and disability were determined depending on the professional group, work experience, gender and age. To calculate the risk range, the method of rationing of intensive indicators was used, which makes it possible to assess the effect of production on the morbidity of workers, as well as to use the results obtained for a comprehensive integral assessment of the likelihood of the risk of disability in the studied professional groups. Ranges of risk have been obtained, which will help to identify "risk groups" among workers requiring examination and preventive measures. Equations of multiple regressions for complex integral risk assessment are obtained, risk forecast for the studied professional groups is calculated. The developed mathematical model and equations of multiple regressions make it possible to calculate the stress levels of the functional systems of the body, to quickly assess the performance of a person both at the time of examination and in production conditions. The proposed method for assessing the impact of working conditions on health indicators can be used at mining enterprises when certifying workplaces and assessing working conditions. The developed methodological recommendations are used in the educational process to improve the quality of scientific research, to analyze the results obtained, as well as in production to simplify the procedure for assessing the impact of harmful production factors on workers and the scientific organization of labor.

Comparative assessment of the dynamics of individual carcinogenic risk for workers of the main professions of wagon repair production

2019 ◽  
pp. 260-265
Author(s):  
Natalya V. Efimova ◽  
Natalya A. Sudeikina ◽  
Vladimir R. Motorov ◽  
Galina V. Kurenkova ◽  
Elizaveta P. Lemeshevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Pulmonary Ventilation ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Occupational Risks ◽  
Carcinogenic Substances

Introduction.Part of the population working at carcinogenic enterprises is exposed to double exposure to carcinogens (in industrial and domestic conditions), however, studies to assess the total inhalation exposure is practically not carried out.The aim of the studyis hygienic assessment of the contribution of working environment factors to the formation of individual carcinogenic risk (ICR) for workers in the main professions in the car repair company, including the assessment of the predicted values of occupational risks in the dynamics of work experience.Materials and methods. There was the calculation of the levels of ICR for workers of the main professions in the wagon wheel, wagon meintenance, wagon assembly workshops. The assessment of exposure for workers is given on long-term average concentrations in the air of the working area and on average annual concentrations in the atmospheric air. When calculating the doses of toxicants in the air of the working area, «standard» parameters of pulmonary ventilation for an adult, body weight, work experience in contact with carcinogenic substances — from 1 to 30 years, the number of days in contact — 240, working time — 8 hours (in accordance with the duration of the working day) were used.Results.Workers of major occupations carcinogenic enterprise levels ICR differ in dozens of times. Calculation of ICR at 30-year work experience showed that in all studied main and auxiliary professions the total ICR was in the 4th range (more than 1,0·10–3). Unacceptable values for the predicted ICR for the professions of «painter», «locksmith-electrician», «impregnator», «mechanic of rolling stock» begin with a 5-year work experience, the least carcinogenic is the work of a tinker, whose risk reaches an unacceptable level after 20 years of the work experience. Among the most dangerous jobs should be attributed to the wagon assembly workshop. In contribution to the ICR the leading carcinogens are benzene, nickel, formaldehyde.Conclusions:The problems of monitoring carcinogens in the production environment, expert assessments to prove the professional genesis of malignant neoplasms were considered; it is noted that the rank number of carcinogenic professions of wagon repair production is as follows: painter, electrician, impregnator, mechanic of rolling stock.

scholarly journals Hygienic Evaluation of Working Conditions of the Process of Mechanical Processing of PET Bottle

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-138
Author(s):  
Olha Malyshevska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Technological Process ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Polymer Processing ◽  
The Body ◽  
Labor Process ◽  
Mechanical Processing ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Polymer Waste ◽  
Processing Polymer

Polymer processing belongs to the category of hazardous industries and requires a deep and comprehensive analysis of the production environment from a hygienic point of view in order to minimize the negative impact on human health and components of the biosphere. The purpose of the study. It is important to study a set of adverse factors that affect employees in the process of processing polymer waste, to establish the relationship with the development of general and occupational diseases. Results and discussion. It has been established that the working conditions of the process of processing polymer waste have a combined effect on the body caused by a set of adverse production factors of different actions. The main ones are: dust in the air of the working area with polymer dust with mixed and unstable composition over time, noise, cooling microclimate, difficulty of work. The excess of maximum permissible concentration for dust load on the body of workers in the process of mechanical processing of PPV is from 1.35 times to 1.74 times, at the workplaces of the baler and shredder and unloading-packing operator (working conditions class 3.1). Exceedance of the sound pressure level in the range from 2 dBA to 15 dBA was recorded at all workplaces (working conditions class 3.2). The parameters of the microclimate at all workplaces, except for the forklift operator, belong to the harmful class of working conditions 3.1. According to the severity of the labor process, the working conditions of employees vary from allowable 2 (operator of the technological process) to harmful 3.2 (baler and shredder operator). In terms of intensity, the working conditions of all employees belong to harmful class 3.2, due to the significant noise load, which prevents the capture and transmission of information between participants in the processing process, as well as timely receipt of audio signals from the process operator and equipment. Mostly working conditions of employees in the process of processing PPV mixtures belong to class 3.2, except for the forklift operator (class 3.4). As for the integrated assessment, according to the hygienic classification, working conditions of operators of unloading-packing, crushing, technological process and baler are evaluated according to class 3.2, and the truck operator - 3.4 according to state sanitary rules and regulations "Hygienic classification of labor according to the indicators of harmfulness and danger and the intensity of the labor process" (order of the Ministry of Health dated 08.04.2014 No.248,), which can lead to the development of work-related diseases

scholarly journals Information society: socio-hygienic aspects of the transformation of employment and working environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (7) ◽  
pp. 663-668
Author(s):  
Sergey A. Druzhilov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Information Society ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Psychological Well Being

Introduction. The current historical period is characterized by significant transformations in all spheres of life activity. The reasons for the changes are the development of information technologies and globalization processes. In the information (post-industrial) society, transformations are associated with the introduction of the principles of flexibility in job placement and labor organization. The transition to flexible forms of employment appears as a risk factor for the deterioration of working conditions and the reduction of workers’ security. “Social pollution” of the production environment is spreading. These include management methods that harm the well-being of workers.The aim of the study is the evaluation of the influence of flexibilities of employment and labor relations on the deterioration of working conditions as a risk factor for the well-being of workers.Material and methods. The study object in the article is flexibility as a socio-psychological and organizational-economic phenomenon. A comparative analysis of the views of various authors and their theoretical generalization.Results. A modern understanding of the information society as a society of network structures based on innovation and decentralization, as well as employment on adaptability to market conditions is presented. The introduction of the flexibility of employment means a departure from the standard model of labor relations. The negative consequences of labor flexibility for workers are given: instability, compulsion, unsteadiness, and lack of guarantees. Employment unsteadiness occurs both in the informal and formal sectors of the economy. The statistics cited indicate a trend towards an increase in the proportion of workers included in unsustainable and precarious employment. The influence of “social pollution” of the intra-organizational environment in the form of adverse management decisions introducing instability and unreliability in working conditions is considered. Their consequence is a violation of the social and psychological well-being and somatic health of workers. Conclusion. The more employment differs from the standard, the higher its instability, and lack of guarantees for the worker, the higher the risks of deterioration of working conditions, health, and job loss. There is a connection between the instability of employment, psychological well-being, and health.

Comparative physiological and hygienic assessment of personal protective equipment properties in various configurations from power frequency electric field

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 600-604
Author(s):  
Olga V. Burmistrova ◽  
Sergey Yu. Perov ◽  
Tatyana A. Konshina
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Thermal Load ◽  
The Body ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Power Frequency ◽  
Frequency Electric Field

Modern working conditions of employees can be characterized by the presence of harmful factors of the working environment, including physical factors that often have a complex effect on the human body during the working shift. One of the main harmful factors of the working environment for electrical personnel is the electric field of industrial frequency, which is protected by personal protective equipment (shielding kits), which exerts an additional thermal load on the body of personnel when working outdoors in the summer. The aim of the study was a comprehensive assessment of personal protective equipment of various configurations and their impact on the thermal state of a person in a heating environment to select the optimal configuration. The objects of study were screening suits consisted of overalls, jacket and trousers, jacket and semi-overall. For screening suits protective properties test the possible working conditions were simulated power frequency electric field levels from 5 to 80 kV/m (grounding) and 10-100 kV/m (on wire potential). The physiological and hygienic assessment of personal protective equipment involved 3 male volunteers. Their body constitution was selected according to typical differences of workers. Volunteers dressed in screening suit had physical activity at air temperature 34.8±0.3°C, relative humidity 48.0±3.0% and air mobility 0.15 m/s. Before and during the study parameters were recorded: skin temperature on 11 parts of body surface, clothes temperature, heart rate, body temperature in the ear canal, points of heat and moisture sensation and moisture loss was determined after the study. Before physical activity and after recovery period volunteers were measured blood pressure. Studies of the protective properties of three sets of personal protective equipment have shown that the best protective characteristics in comparison with the other sets have a jacket and half - overalls, the worst - a jacket and trousers. The results of the physiological and hygienic evaluation of screening kits showed individual differences in the thermoregulatory reactions of all volunteers when using different sets of personal protective equipment. At the same time, large amounts of heat accumulation in the body, a high heart rate and its change, as well as a higher moisture perception score were observed during the operation of the jumpsuit. As a result of research, the optimal configuration was chosen jacket and half-overalls, which has a moderate thermal load on the human body and has the best protective characteristics. From the point of view of the lowest voltage of thermoregulation reactions, it can be recommended to use a shielding kit as part of jacket and trousers.

scholarly journals A Novel Grid and Place Neuron’s Computational Modeling to Learn Spatial Semantics of an Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 5147
Author(s):  
Rahul Shrivastava ◽  
Prabhat Kumar ◽  
Sudhakar Tripathi ◽  
Vivek Tiwari ◽  
Dharmendra Singh Rajput ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
The Body ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Object A ◽  
Hazardous Environments ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Result Analysis ◽  
Spatial Semantics

Health-related limitations prohibit a human from working in hazardous environments, due to which cognitive robots are needed to work there. A robot cannot learn the spatial semantics of the environment or object, which hinders the robot from interacting with the working environment. To overcome this problem, in this work, an agent is computationally devised that mimics the grid and place neuron functionality to learn cognitive maps from the input spatial data of an environment or an object. A novel quadrant-based approach is proposed to model the behavior of the grid neuron, which, like the real grid neuron, is capable of generating periodic hexagonal grid-like output patterns from the input body movement. Furthermore, a cognitive map formation and their learning mechanism are proposed using the place–grid neuron interaction system, which is meant for making predictions of environmental sensations from the body movement. A place sequence learning system is also introduced, which is like an episodic memory of a trip that is forgettable based on their usage frequency and helps in reducing the accumulation of error during a visit to distant places. The model has been deployed and validated in two different spatial data learning applications, one being the 2D object detection by touch, and another is the navigation in an environment. The result analysis shows that the proposed model is significantly associated with the expected outcomes.

scholarly journals REDUCTION OF UNPRODUCTIVE HEAT CONSUMPTIONS OF PASSENGER ROLLING STOCK IN THE HEATING PERIOD

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Eduard Biloshytskyi ◽  
Alyona Oleksandrivna Lovska ◽  
Sergiy Myamlin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Heating System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Temperature Fields ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Passenger Cars

Passenger rolling stock is an important component of passenger transportation services, which should ensure not only traffic safety, but also comfortable transportation conditions. Studies on the energy saving of railway rolling stock have revealed shortcomings in the operating documentation that increase the unproductive consumption of thermal energy by passenger cars during the operation of a heating system with a combined electric-coal boiler in electric heating mode. Experimental measurements confirmed the presence of unproductive losses of thermal energy through the intake blinds of the ventilation system due to the infiltration of outside air during downtime at the points of formation and turnover of passenger cars. Also, experimental measurements showed that there is a leak of warm air through the deflectors to remove exhaust air from the car into the environment. This is their regular mode of operation, but as highlighted in the author's early publications there are two zones of temperature fields in the body of the passenger car with different temperature regimes, which are separated by a decorative ceiling. The results show that the leakage of warm air through the deflectors occurs from the temperature field zone with a higher temperature, which increases the unproductive consumption of thermal energy. Thus, by making appropriate changes to the operating documentation based on the study, the energy efficiency of passenger rolling stock will be greatly improved in its further operation. In particular, it is established that the proposed modernization in order to increase the energy efficiency of the heating system can be carried out at relatively low cost, in modern car repair depots during overhauls, and also needs to be considered when designing new passenger cars.

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