scholarly journals Estimation of the efficiency of the treatment of split-systems in residential areas in order to reduce the level of the prevalence of diseases of the respiratory system

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Rakhmanin ◽  
S. E. Shibanov ◽  
Sergey V. Kozulya
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Regular Treatment ◽  
Split Systems ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of work: comparison of prevalence among residents, which use or fail to use to clean split systems. Materials and methods. Collected information about morbidity rate in 235 cases people during 3 years. Results. The usage of split-systems without their regular cleaning leads to the gain in the level of the prevalence of respiratory diseases by 172.7% if compared with persons, who have no air conditioning systems at home. Also, the average number of disability days increases by 218.1%) and average time of the duration of the disease increases by 71.9%. The annual treatment of split-systems and regular cleaning offilters allowed to reduce the number of diseases. In comparison with the group of people, who fail to clean air conditioning systems, the drop of morbidity rate by 56.6%, average number of disability days by 63.3% and average time of diseases by 30.9% was observed. Regular treatment of air conditioning systems cannot completely repay the morbidity rates to the level of the control group. In comparison with the people, who use no air conditioning systems, the owners of split-systems with regular treatment have lung diseases by 18.4% more often. The average number of disability days and the average time of diseases increased by 16.9% and 18.8%. These changes can be explained by the impact of unfavorable (cooling) microclimate. Conclusions. The impact of split-systems on the health of the population requires a comprehensive study and the subsequent development of normative documents regulating their safe use.

scholarly journals Choice of sanitary-indicative microorganisms for the assessment of the safety of split-systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-301
Author(s):  
U. A. Rakhmanin ◽  
S. E. Shibanov ◽  
Sergey V. Kozulya
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Split Systems ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems ◽  
Cleaning And Disinfection ◽  
Epidemiological Link ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Selection Of

Purpose of work is a compilation of data about the microflora which colonizes a split-system, with the aim of selection of sanitary-indicative microorganisms, whose presence in the sample would indicate to the need for cleaning and disinfection of split-systems. Materials and methods. In the article there were used data of five years author’s scientific inquiry, related to the prevention of respiratory diseases, associated with the usage of a local air conditioning systems. We also use the data from the literature. Results. For selection of “indicative” microorganisms, we proposed the usage of nine criteria, each of them have numeric value from 0 to 3 points (risk for health, prevalence rate of the disease, epidemiological link, speed of split system’s colonization, difficulty of cultivation, resistance in the environment, resistance to disinfectants, frequency of detection in home air conditioning systems, frequency of detection in air conditioning systems of public buildings). After the calculation Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus received maximal score (20 points). Therefore, these two types of bacteria are indicative microorganisms. The detection of these microorganisms in split systems will indicate to the contamination of air-conditioning system. This microflora also is a criterion of cleaning and disinfection quality - presence of these microorganisms in the samples after this process will mean that the processing of air conditioning systems was performed poorly. Conclusions. Split systems are very faster colonized by conditionally pathogenic and pathogenic microflora. To prevent the possible hazard for population’s health it is necessary to develop the normative base, according to which sanitary-and-hygienic control over the split-systems working must be carried out. Proposed criteria suggest that Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are indicative microorganisms, and it’s identification in the air-conditioning system would mean risk for health and necessity for cleaning and disinfection.

scholarly journals The impact of thermal comfort in the perceived level of service and energy costs of three Brazilian airports

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Elhage Ramis ◽  
Emmanuel Antonio dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Combined System ◽  
Service Levels ◽  
Transportation Demand ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems ◽  
Air Circulation ◽  
The Impact

To evaluate airports' current thermal comfort temperature and humidity were registered in three main Brazilian international airports, other variables were local region climate characteristics and the constructive types of passenger terminal buildings. The Brazilian air transportation demand has considerably grown over the last decade, with some airports reaching their capacity. Thermal discomfort may be a key driver of passenger perceptions of airport service levels, specially under capacity overload situations. Therefore, to achieve airport thermal comfort within this new scenario, and with the imminent and future expansions of the airport system, certainly put extra work on the existing air conditioning systems, consequently increasing energy consumption and its associated costs. Collected temperature and humidity from each study case subsided the data for the psychrometric charts. The evidences showed temperatures below the international standards requirements for thermal comfort levels. These charts also indicated that adequate building types with natural air circulation, provides the best levels of thermal comfort. Results suggest the importance of considering the implementation of a combined system using artificial and natural air conditioning in the planning of future expansions.

scholarly journals Urban warming and future air-conditioning use in an Asian megacity: importance of positive feedback

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuya Takane ◽  
Yukihiro Kikegawa ◽  
Masayuki Hara ◽  
C. Sue B. Grimmond
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Anthropogenic Heat ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Urban Warming ◽  
Future Global Warming ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The impact of feedback between urban warming and air-conditioning (AC) use on temperatures in future urban climates is explored in this study. Pseudo-global warming projections are dynamically downscaled to 1 km using a regional climate model (RCM) coupled to urban canopy and building energy models for current and six future global warming (ΔTGW) climates based on IPCC RCP8.5. Anthropogenic heat emissions from AC use is projected to increase almost linearly with ΔTGW, causing additional urban warming. This feedback on urban warming reaches 20% of ΔTGW in residential areas. This further uncertainty in future projections is comparable in size to that associated with: a selection of emission scenarios, RCMs, and urban planning scenarios. Thus this feedback should not be neglected in future urban climate projections, especially in hot cities with large AC use. The impact of the feedback during the July 2018 Japanese heat waves is calculated to be 0.11 °C.

scholarly journals Physiological response of hemostasis of piglets to excessive thermal effects

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00168
Author(s):  
Marina V. Mekhanikova ◽  
Svetlana V. Shestakova ◽  
Tatyana P. Ryzhakina
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
Thermal Effects ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Large White ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Hemostatic System ◽  
Negative Environmental Impact ◽  
The Impact

Currently, the pig feels the need to further clarify aspects of the physiology of pigs. It is very important to clarify the changes of functional parameters of piglets at the impact of any environmental factors. Negative environmental impact can often particularly adversely affect hemostasis. However, changes its parameters clarified weakly. Objective: to assess changes in hemostasis in piglets undergoing overheating. The research involved 42 pigs at the age of 2.5 months breed: large white, which has experienced overheating during 3 hours as a result of breakdown of air conditioning system. The control group included 32 healthy animals kept in normal conditions of a pigsty. The experienced piglets determined significant increase of platelet aggregation that occur spontaneously and in response to stimulation. Experienced pigs blood coagulation was found high and significant weakening of fibrinolysis. Apparently, the overheating affects animals’ haemorheology and significantly inhibits anabolism. It is clear that in piglets, which suffered from overheating, activated hemostatic system, which affects the microcirculation and inhibits growth. For this reason, there is a great need in the search approaches for leveling in piglets undergoing an episode of overheating, excessive activity of blood coagulation and increased platelet aggregation.

scholarly journals Impact Assessment of the ventilation systems on microbiological safety and microclimatic conditions of premises.

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Tetiana Kryvomaz ◽  
Dmytro Varavin ◽  
Rostyslav Sipakov
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
International Agencies ◽  
Industrial Buildings ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Poor Ventilation ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ventilation Systems

The critical aspects of the impact of microbiological contamination on ventilation and air conditioning systems, the microclimate of the premises, and human health are analyzed. The quantitative and qualitative composition of the microflora of premises depends on their functional purpose, design features, operating conditions, climate, and other factors, among which the method of ventilation is essential. The moisturizers in the air conditioning system are hazardous, which provide bacteria and fungi with water necessary for their life and reproduction. In addition, contaminants accumulated in ventilation systems operate as a substrate for feeding microorganisms. Multi-story administrative, public, and residential buildings, industrial buildings, and other places of mass concentration are areas of increased aerobiological risk of infection. In case of improper operation, air conditioning and ventilation systems can be sources of microorganisms in any room. Transmission of infectious aerosol over long distances occurs in rooms with poor ventilation, and a key factor for the outbreak of infection is the direction of airflows. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, organizations and international agencies to control the spread of SARS-CoV-2 indoors recommend limiting the operation of exhaust ventilation and recirculation systems. However, there is still insufficient data to clarify the role of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems in spreading infection. Risk assessment and decision-making on the choice of air conditioning systems should be dynamic and based on the scale of the pandemic and the verification of the characteristics of HVAC systems and their effectiveness.

scholarly journals Effects of air-conditioning systems in the public areas of hospitals: A scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Ting Wu ◽  
Qiu Shuang Li ◽  
Rong Chen Dai ◽  
Shan Liu ◽  
Li Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Areas ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Almost all hospitals are equipped with air-conditioning systems to provide a comfortable environment for patients and staff. However, the accumulation of dust and moisture within these systems increases the risk of transmission of microbes and have on occasion been associated with outbreaks of infection. Nevertheless, the impact of air-conditioning on the transmission of microorganisms leading to infection remains largely uncertain. We conducted a scoping review to screen systematically the evidence for such an association in the face of the coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic. PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases were explored for relevant studies addressing microbial contamination of the air, their transmission and association with infectious diseases. The review process yielded 21 publications, 17 of which were cross-sectional studies, three were cohort studies and one case−control study. Our analysis showed that, compared with naturally ventilated areas, microbial loads were significantly lower in air-conditioned areas, but the incidence of infections increased if not properly managed. The use of high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filtration not only decreased transmission of airborne bioaerosols and various microorganisms, but also reduced the risk of infections. By contrast, contaminated air-conditioning systems in hospital rooms were associated with a higher risk of patient infection. Cleaning and maintenance of such systems to recommended standards should be performed regularly and where appropriate, the installation of HEPA filters can effectively mitigate microbial contamination in the public areas of hospitals.

scholarly journals Numerical Investigation of Air Movement on Laboratory Scale Psychrometric Chamber

2021 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-91
Author(s):  
Elang Pramudya Wijaya ◽  
Ardiyansyah Saad Yatim
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Test Chamber ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Air Distribution ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Air Movement ◽  
Government Rules ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems

Higher energy demands in favorable energy prices increasing people's affordability of the cooling devices, causing most building and residential areas to wear air conditioning systems. Higher energy saving, efficiency, and eco-friendly equipment have become a challenge for manufacturers and researchers. Also, Indonesia's government rules the energy efficiency by SKEM (Minimum Standard of Energy Performance) by air conditioning equipment's labeling. In this study, the use of perforated ceiling was selected due to the excellent air distribution performance of the panels. This study analyzes the air circulation distribution (air loop) in a psychometric chamber using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), especially placing the air conditioner test unit. The numerical studies are performed with porous media models. A CFD model was used to analyze the air distribution in the psychrometric chamber. The simulation results show that the higher value of C1 resulted in a higher value of velocity. Furthermore, the pressure drop in the test chamber did not show any significant influence. In all cases, the influence of C1 value did not significantly affect the air movement in the test chamber.

scholarly journals Thermal analysis of car air conditioning

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 71-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Trzebiński ◽  
Ireneusz Szczygieł
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Expansion Valve ◽  
Air Cooler ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems ◽  
The Impact

Thermal analysis of car air conditioningThermodynamic analysis of car air cooler is presented in this paper. Typical refrigerator cycles are studied. The first: with uncontrolled orifice and non controlled compressor and the second one with the thermostatic controlled expansion valve and externally controlled compressor. The influence of the refrigerant decrease and the change of the air temperature which gets to exchangers on the refrigeration efficiency of the system; was analysed. Also, its effectiveness and the power required to drive the compressor were investigated. The impact of improper refrigerant charge on the performance of air conditioning systems was also checked.

Study on the Current Situation of Economic Analysis of Ice Storage Air-Conditioning System

2014 ◽  
Vol 580-583 ◽  
pp. 2441-2446
Author(s):  
Yu Na Li ◽  
Si Fu Wang ◽  
Tu Zhai Lv ◽  
Shao Fei Lang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Ice Storage ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems ◽  
The Impact

Ice storage air-conditioning system has incomparable advantages than a lot of of conventional air-conditioning system example for "peak shifting and valley filling". The ice storage air-conditioning systems on the research states of the economic analysis are summed up from the building of economic analysis model,the introduction of the special systems , as well as the impact of economic factors in this paper. This paper outlines several main methods about economic evaluation of the ice storage air-conditioning systems,points out some issumes in the course of the study and some places needing to improve.

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