scholarly journals BACTERIA AND PARASITIC PATHOGENS IN CONDITIONS OF CHEMICAL POLLUTION OF WATER FROM SURFACE WATER BODIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (10) ◽  
pp. 956-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yury A. Rakhmanin ◽  
L. V. Ivanova ◽  
T. Z. Artemova ◽  
A. V. Zagaynova ◽  
E. K. Gipp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Anionic Surfactants ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Parasitic Pathogens ◽  
The City ◽  
Moscow River

There were identified priority pollutants in water of the Moscow river below the city (petroleum products, lead, cadmium, zinc, copper; anionic surfactants), which can affect the natural microbiocenosis of surface water. The presence in surface waters heavy metals - cadmium in a concentration of 4 MPC for fishery purposes, of lead at a concentration of 5 MPC for fishery purposes, oil at a concentration of 49 MPC, zinc at a concentration of 10 MPC for fishery purposes, anionic surfactants at the concentrations below the MPC, and also at excess of MPC by 5 times for chlorides, nitrites and nitrates to a large extent was established to affect the viability of indicator bacteria - coliforms, E. coli, enterococci, while maintaining in the water of pathogenic bacteria - Salmonella and parasitic pathogens living Entamoebae spp. and cystic viable vegetative forms of pathogenic protozoa Flagellata spp. and viable helminth eggs Larvae spp.

scholarly journals Identification and management of microbial contaminations in a surface drinking water source

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (S1) ◽  
pp. 67-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Åström ◽  
T. J. R. Pettersson ◽  
T. A. Stenström
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The City

Microbial contamination of surface waters constitutes a health risk for drinking water consumers which may be lowered by closing the raw water intake. We have evaluated microbial discharge events reported in the river Göta älv, which is used for raw water supply to the city of Göteborg. Elevated levels of faecal indicator bacteria were observed during periods of closed raw water intake. High bacteria levels were, however, also occasionally detected during periods of open intake, probably as a result of microbial discharge far upstream in the river which may be difficult to predict and manage by closing the intake. Accumulated upstream precipitations, resulting in surface runoff and wastewater contaminations in the catchment, correlated positively with the levels of total coliforms, E. coli, intestinal enterococci and sulfite-reducing clostridia. Levels of faecal indicator organisms were negatively correlated to the water temperature due to enhanced survival at lower temperatures. Wastewater discharges from a municipality located just upstream of the water intake resulted in elevated E. coli concentrations downstream at the raw water intake for Göteborg. To improve the prediction of microbial contaminations within the river Göta älv, monitoring data on turbidity and upstream precipitation are of particular importance.

scholarly journals Quantitative microbial risk assessment for waterborne pathogens in a wastewater treatment plant and its receiving surface water body

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Mbanga ◽  
Akebe Luther King Abia ◽  
Daniel Gyamfi Amoako ◽  
Sabiha. Y. Essack
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
River Water ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
E Coli

Abstract Background Access to safe water for drinking and domestic activities remains a challenge in emerging economies like South Africa, forcing resource-limited communities to use microbiologically polluted river water for personal and household purposes, posing a public health risk. This study quantified bacterial contamination and the potential health hazards that wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) workers and communities may face after exposure to waterborne pathogenic bacteria in a WWTP and its associated surface water, respectively. Results Escherichia coli (Colilert®-18/ Quanti-Tray® 2000) and enterococci (Enterolert®/ Quanti-Tray® 2000) were quantified and definitively identified by real-time polymerase chain reaction targeting the uidA and tuf genes, respectively. An approximate beta-Poisson dose-response model was used to estimate the probability of infection (Pi) with pathogenic E. coli. Mean E. coli concentration ranged from 2.60E+ 02/100 mL to 4.84E+ 06/100 mL; enterococci ranged from 2.60E+ 02/100 mL to 3.19E+ 06/100 mL across all sampled sites. Of the 580 E. coli isolates obtained from this study, 89.1% were intestinal, and 7.6% were extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli. The 579 enterococci obtained were 50.4% E. faecalis (50.4%), 31.4% E. faecium, 3.5%, E. casseliflavus and 0.7% E. gallinarum. The community health risk stemming from the use of the water for recreational and domestic purposes revealed a greater health risk (Pi) from the ingestion of 1 mL of river water from upstream (range, 55.1–92.9%) than downstream (range, 26.8–65.3%) sites. The occupational risk of infection with pathogenic E. coli for workers resulting from a once-off unintentional consumption of 1 mL of water was 0% (effluent) and 23.8% (raw influent). Multiple weekly exposures of 1 mL over a year could result in a Pi of 1.2 and 100% for the effluent and influent, respectively. Conclusion Our findings reveal that there is a potentially high risk of infection for WWTP workers and communities that use river water upstream and downstream of the investigated WWTP.

scholarly journals A bacteriological assessment of meat, offal and other possible sources of human enteric infections in a Bantu township

1968 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Richardson ◽  
Gillian M. Burnett ◽  
H. J. Koornhof
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Medical Officer ◽  
Health Department ◽  
E Coli ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Enteric Infections ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
The City ◽  
Bantu Population ◽  
Smith Medical

Summary1. From the Municipal abattoir, specimens of liver, spleen, lymph node, surface meat, bile and faeces from a sheep and a bovine, were examined fortnightly for 14 months for the presence of possible pathogenic bacteria. The results suggest that slaughtering procedures are satisfactory.2. Offal, consisting mainly of tripe and intestine, is eaten in large quantities by the Bantu population and is both nutritious and economical. The high incidence of salmonella isolations in the tripe (48%) and intestines (29%), and faecalE. coliandCl. welchii, show that this commodity is distributed in an inadequately cleansed condition.3. FaecalE. coliwas isolated from 86% of samples of sour milk collected from street pedlars.4. Dog faeces collected from the township pavements yielded 21% salmonellas, and faeces from fowls sold live by shopkeepers 14%.5. From the offal specimens,S. typhimurium(23%) andS. london(18%) were the salmonella types most frequently isolated.S. dublinwas isolated on only one occasion.6. Throughout the survey no shigellas were isolated.7. The significance of theCl. welchii, coagulase positiveStaphylococcus aureusandB. cereusisolations from the various specimens tested is not known.8. It is emphasized that although there is a definite need for improved treatment of the offal before distribution to the consumer, the resulting increase in cost must not be such as to deprive the population of this important source of protein.We wish to thank the Director of this Institute, Professor J. H. S. Gear, for permission to publish this paper, Dr P. J. Meara, Director of the City of Johannesburg Abattoir and Livestock Market Department for facilities granted, and Mr C. J. Franklin for collecting all the abattoir specimens. Our thanks are also due to Dr A. Smith, Medical Officer of Health, and Dr I. H. F. Spencer of the Johannesburg City Health Department for help and advice; to Mr A. J. MacG. Bryce for collecting all the specimens from the Soweto township; to Mrs Leonie Jonk for typing the salmonella organisms and Mr R. G. Robinson for investigating the micro-organisms' sensitivity to antibiotics.

scholarly journals Nitrate Trends During the Seasons on Bahlui River and its Tributaries in Build-Up Area of Iasi City

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Maria OIŞTE ◽  
Iuliana Gabriela
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Nitrate Concentrations ◽  
Arc Gis ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Gis Software ◽  
The City

Nitrates are natural components of the surface water, the amounts in surface waters is very important, usually being insignificant, but in urban area and along agricultural areas situated inside the river basin, their concentration is increased, being non-point sources and point sources located in the city. The nitrate concentrations is influenced both by the seasonal changes of rainfall and temperature as well as by land-use transformations, the variation being closely related to them. This paper presents the nitrate trends during seasons, the samples was taken in December, April and June from 76 points, the influence of the season characteristics being obvious. Obtained data indicates an upward trend, so that nitrate concentrations increase from December to June, higher values registered on tributaries of Bahlui river, caused by of the land-use, smaller flow and seasons variation of other physic-chemical parameters, otherwise the synergistic action of the natural and anthropic sources and parameters. Arc GIS software was used for illustrate the results followed by a statistics software were used to establish some correlations based on multivariate analysis. The analysis shows that non-point and anthropic sources of nitrates, influence nitrate regime during the succession of the seasons, nitrate levels almost doubled in surface water, or even higher in Bahlui river and its tributaries.

scholarly journals Using GFP-Tagged Escherichia coli to Investigate the Persistence of Fecal Bacteria in Vegetated Wetlands: An Experimental Approach

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 335
Author(s):  
Emilia Chiapponi ◽  
Charles P. Henriot ◽  
Xavier Bertrand ◽  
Didier Hocquet ◽  
Gudrun Bornette
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Fecal Contamination ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Fecal Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Survival ◽  
E Coli

The contamination of surface water by pathogenic bacteria of human origin is an important public health issue. Wetlands can be contaminated with fecal bacteria by water originating from different sources, such as wastewater treatment plants and agriculture. Escherichia coli is a commensal of the human gut flora and the major indication of fecal contamination in surface water. Little is known about the association between fecal bacteria and submerged macrophytes and how this may influence the water quality. We questioned whether macrophytes enhance or inhibit the bacterial growth in wetlands. For this purpose, we grew four different species of macrophytes (Mentha aquatica, Baldellia ranunculoides, Sparganium emersum and Elodea canadensis, in mono- or multispecies cultures) in aquatic rhizotrons and inoculated the devices with a fluorescent strain of Escherichia coli (producing a green fluorescent protein) to simulate the fecal contamination of wetlands. Bacterial survival was monitored by measuring the fluorescence for 19 days. We found (i) that contaminated sediments did not release E. coli in the water column in lentic conditions and (ii) that monocultures of E. canadensis, M. aquatica and S. emersum reduced the E. coli concentration in the water column. This suggests that aquatic plant species may be used in constructed wetlands to clear surface freshwater from bacteria of fecal origin.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF POLLUTION IN THE VILNIA RIVER / PAGRINDINIŲ VANDENS UŽTERŠTUMO VILNIOS UPĖJE CHARAKTERISTIKŲ ANALIZĖ

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-440
Author(s):  
Laura Margenytė ◽  
Eduardas Tomaševskis ◽  
Aušra Zigmontienė
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Investigation Period ◽  
Surface Water Bodies ◽  
The City

The article discusses pollution characteristics in natural waters and reasons for fluctuations in their levels of surface waters. The samples were collected in the city and region of Vilnius, i.e. the places where industry objects that may affect the quality of surface water bodies are mainly erected. The obtained results have revealed that the highest demand for biochemical oxygen (BOD) in the Vilnia river over the whole period have reached 32.3 mg/l in June, for dissolved oxygen (O2) –10.63 mg/l O2 in winter and for the concentration of suspended solids (SS) –53.44 mg/l in April. The results of the annual main concentration characteristics of pollution in the Vilnia river over the investigation period have been compared with assessment criteria for evaluating an ecological status of water. Santrauka Straipsnyje aptariamos pagrindinės vandens užterštumo charakteristikos: skendinčiosios medžiagos, ištirpęs deguonies kiekis bei biocheminio deguonies suvartojimo (BDS) gamtiniuose vandens telkiniuose priežastys, kurios lemia šių medžiagų koncentracijų kiekių svyravimus. Straipsnyje taip pat nagrinėjama šių charakteristikų paviršiniuose vandens telkiniuose šaltuoju metų laikotarpiu Vilnios upėje kaita. Mėginiai buvo imami tose Vilniaus miesto bei Vilniaus rajono vietose, kur yra susitelkę pramonės objektai, kurie savo antropogenine veikla daro įtaką paviršiniams vandens telkiniams. Per visą tiriamąjį laikotarpį iš visų atliktų tyrimų skaičiaus nustatyta, jog biocheminio deguonies koncentracija šiltuoju metų laikotarpiu didžiausia birželio mėnesį – 32,3 mg/l, ištirpusio deguonies kiekis (O2) žiemą – 10,63 mg/l O2, skendinčiųjų medžiagų koncentracija (SM) balandžio mėnesį – 53,44 mg/l. Gautos metinės tiriamojo laikotarpio pagrindinių užterštumo charakteristikų koncentracijos Vilnios upėje lyginamos su ekologinės būklės vertinimo kriterijais.

scholarly journals Methodological aspects of assessment of the state of chemical pollution and water quality of surface waters in Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (66) ◽  
pp. 33-61
Author(s):  
V Kozak ◽  
◽  
A Tovmachenko ◽  
M Gertsiuk ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
The State ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Surface Water Bodies ◽  
Micro Pollutants

The main sources of chemical pollution of surface water bodies of Ukraine are shown and it is noted that the ecosystem of the environment and water resources, being under constant man-caused load, tend to steadily deteriorate the ecological condition. Methods for assessing the quality of surface waters using the maximum allowable concentrations of harmful substances in water and a comprehensive assessment of the ecological status of surface water by integrated hydrochemical parameters are described. International approaches to the assessment of the state of surface water bodies are considered. It is noted that the most complete information on the state of the aquatic ecosystem can be obtained using a set of physicochemical and biological parameters. There are shortcomings in the monitoring of organic micro-pollutants in surface waters. The analysis of the international experience of determination of water quality and parameters of toxicological action of organic micro-pollutants with application of chemo-informative methods for modeling of an ecological condition of water systems is carried out.

scholarly journals Inhibitory Effect of Bacteriophages Isolated from Sewage Water in the City of Kirkuk on some Types of Human Pathogenic Bacteria

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 727-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Sewage Water ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
The City

Most approaches to combat antibiotic resistant bacteria concentrate on discovering new antibiotics or modifying existing ones. However, one of the most promising alternatives is the use of bacteriophages. This study was focused on the isolation of bacteriophages that are specific to some of commonly human pathogens namely E. coli, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella spp. and Klebsiella pneumoniae. These bacteriophages were isolated from sewages that were collected from four different locations in Kirkuk City. Apart from S. pyogenes, bacteriophages specific to all tested bacteria were successfully isolated and tested for their effectiveness by spot test. The most effective bacteriophages that were isolated from sewages and sewage water of Al-Jumhori Hospital compared to other sites. It is concluded that the sewage water of hospitals represents a perfect environment for these bacteriophages.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic Backgrounds and Virulence-Associated Traits of Escherichia coli Isolates from Surface Waters and Diverse Animals in Minnesota and Wisconsin

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Johnson ◽  
Brian D. Johnston ◽  
Parissa Delavari ◽  
Paul Thuras ◽  
Connie Clabots ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Animal Source ◽  
Animal Isolates

ABSTRACT Possible external reservoirs for extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) strains that cause infections in humans are poorly defined. Because of the tremendous human health importance of ExPEC infections, we assessed surface waters and domesticated and wild animals in Minnesota and Wisconsin as potential reservoirs of ExPEC of human health relevance. We characterized 595 E. coli isolates (obtained from 1999 to 2002; 280 from seven surface water sites, 315 from feces of 13 wild and domesticated animal species) for phylogroup and virulence genotype, including inferred ExPEC status, by using multiplex PCR-based methods. We also compared the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles of the isolates with a large private PFGE profile library. We found a predominance of non-ExPEC strains (95% and 93% among water and animal isolates, respectively), which were mainly from phylogroups A and B1, plus a minority of ExPEC strains (5% and 7% among water isolates and animal isolates, respectively), predominantly from phylogroup B2. The ExPEC strains, although significantly associated with cats, dogs, and turkeys, occurred in several additional animal species (goat, horse, chicken, pig) and were distributed broadly across all surface water sites. Virulence gene content among the animal source ExPEC isolates segregated significantly in relation to host species, following established patterns. PFGE analysis indicated that 11 study isolates closely matched (94% to 100% profile similarity) reference human clinical and fecal isolates. These findings imply what probably is a low but non-zero risk to humans from environmental and animal source E. coli isolates, especially those from specific human-associated animal species. IMPORTANCE Our detection of potentially pathogenic strains that may pose a health threat to humans among E. coli isolates from surface waters and wild and domesticated animals suggests a need for heightened attention to these reservoirs as possible sources for human acquisition of disease-causing E. coli. Although cats, dogs, and turkeys were especially high-prevalence sources, the presence of such strains in other animal species and at all sampled water sites suggests that this potential risk may be widespread.

scholarly journals Whole-Genome Analysis of Antimicrobial-Resistant and Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli in River Water

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryota Gomi ◽  
Tomonari Matsuda ◽  
Yasufumi Matsumura ◽  
Masaki Yamamoto ◽  
Michio Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
River Water ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Whole Genome Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Determinants

ABSTRACT Contamination of surface waters by antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and pathogenic bacteria is a great concern. In this study, 531 Escherichia coli isolates obtained from the Yamato River in Japan were evaluated phenotypically for resistance to 25 antimicrobials. Seventy-six isolates (14.3%) were multidrug resistant (MDR), 66 (12.4%) were nonsusceptible to one or two classes of agents, and 389 (73.3%) were susceptible. We performed whole-genome sequencing of selected strains by using Illumina technology. In total, the genome sequences of 155 strains were analyzed for antibiotic resistance determinants and phylogenetic characteristics. More than 50 different resistance determinants, including acquired resistance genes and chromosomal resistance mutations, were detected. Among the sequenced MDR strains (n = 66), sequence type 155 (ST155) complex (n = 9), ST10 complex (n = 9), and ST69 complex (n = 7) were prevalent. Among extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) strains (n = 58), clinically important clonal groups, namely, ST95 complex (n = 18), ST127 complex (n = 8), ST12 complex (n = 6), ST14 complex (n = 6), and ST131 complex (n = 6), were prevalent, demonstrating the clonal distribution of environmental ExPEC strains. Typing of the fimH (type 1 fimbrial adhesin) gene revealed that ST131 complex strains carried fimH22 or fimH41, and no strains belonging to the fimH30 subgroup were detected. Fine-scale phylogenetic analysis and virulence gene content analysis of strains belonging to the ST95 complex (one of the major clonal ExPEC groups causing community-onset infections) revealed no significant differences between environmental and clinical strains. The results indicate contamination of surface waters by E. coli strains belonging to clinically important clonal groups. IMPORTANCE The prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant and pathogenic E. coli strains in surface waters is a concern because surface waters are used as sources for drinking water, irrigation, and recreational purposes. In this study, MDR and ExPEC strains in river water were characterized by genomic sequencing and analysis. We detected more than 50 resistance determinants and identified clonal groups specific to MDR and ExPEC strains. This study showed contamination of surface waters by E. coli strains belonging to clinically important clonal groups. Overall, this study advances our understanding of environmental MDR and ExPEC strains.

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