scholarly journals IBN KHALDUN DAN PEMIKIR SOSIAL BUDAYA

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
M. Zainuddin
Keyword(s):  
Religious Values ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Ibn Khaldun ◽  
Theory Of Evolution ◽  
The World ◽  
Independent Entity ◽  
Good And Evil

<p>The greatness of Ibn Khaldun's name makes the world recognized and reviewed his thoughts. If we revisit the treasury of medieval Islamic intellectual thought and develop a tradition of thought in the world of campus, this tradition and culture is good to do. This paper raises who is really the figure of Ibn Khaldun and how his thoughts are especially on his social cultural thinking. Ibn Khaldun's theory of social phenomena includes the theory of evolution that views social phenomena as the dynamics of society, nations and states that differ across generations. The human society according to Ibn Khaldun is an independent entity. and can be perfectly managed regardless of religious values. He says humans can be good and evil at the same time. Man is evil because of animal nature, and on the contrary, man is good because of his involvement with other human beings. Ibn Khaldun's mind is so visionary that it is relevant to the context of the development of the era as developed by modern philosophers which actually comes from the socio-cultural view of Ibn Khaldun.</p><p> </p><p>Begitu besar nama Ibn Khaldun sehingga dunia mengakui dan mengkaji kembali pemikiran-pemikirannya. Jika kita menguak kembali khazanah pemikiran intelektual Islam abad pertengahan dan mengembangkan tradisi pemikiran di dunia kampus, tradisi dan budaya ini bagus untuk dilakukan. Tulisan ini mengangkat siapakah sesungguhnya sosok Ibn Khaldun itu dan bagaimana pemikirannya khususnya pada pemikiran sosial budayanya. Teori fenomena sosial Ibn Khaldun termasuk teori evolusi yang memandang fenomena sosial sebagai dinamika masyarakat, bangsa dan negara yang berbeda antar generasi. Masyarakat manusia menurut Ibn Khaldun adalah suatu entitas yang independen. dan dapat diurus secara sempurna lepas dari nilai-nilai agama. Menurutnya manusia bisa baik clan jahat pada saat yang sama. Manusia jahat karena adanya sifat dasar kebinatangan, dan sebaliknya, manusia itu baik karena keterlibatannya dengan manusia lain. Pemikiran Ibn Khaldun sangat visioner sehingga relevan dengan konteks perkembangan jaman sebagaimana yang kemudian dikembangkan oleh filsuf modern yang sesungguhnya bermuara dari pandangan sosial budaya Ibnu Khaldun.</p><p> </p><p> </p>

Religiusitas Tokoh-Tokoh Dalam Novel Bumi Cinta Karya Habiburrahman El-Shirazy

AKADEMIKA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-221
Author(s):  
Minahul Mubin
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Human Freedom ◽  
Religious Values ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Relationship With God ◽  
Belief In God ◽  
The World ◽  
Religious Aspects ◽  
Religious Elements

A novel titled BumiCinta written by Habiburrahman El-Shirazy takes place in the Russian setting, in which Russia is a country that adopts freedom. Russia with various religions embraced by its people has called for the importance of human freedom. Free sex in Russia is commonplace among its young people. Russia is a country that is free with no rules, no wonder if there have been many not embracing certain religion. In fact, according to data Russia is a country accessing the largest porn sites in the world. Habiburrahman in his Bumi Cinta reveals some religious aspects. He incorporates the concept of religion with social conflicts in Russia. Therefore, the writer reveals two fundamental issues, namely: 1. What is the characters' religiosity in the Habiburrahman El-Shirazy'sBumiCinta? 2. What is the characters' religiosity in the BumiCinta in their relationship with God, fellow human beings, and nature ?. To achieve the objectives, the writer uses the religious literary criticism based on the Qur'an and Hadith. It emphasizes religious values in literature. The writer also uses the arguments of scholars and schools of thought to strengthen this paper. This theory is then used to seek the elements of religiousity in the Habiburrahman El-Shirazy'sBumiCinta. In this novel, the writer explains there are strong religious elements and religious effects of its characters, especially the belief in God, faith and piety

scholarly journals AKTIVISME TASAWUF MENURUT FETHULLAH GÜLEN

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anang Haderi
Keyword(s):  
Peace Movement ◽  
Spiritual Experience ◽  
Religious Values ◽  
World Peace ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Spiritual Values ◽  
The World ◽  
Thought Pattern ◽  
Love Of Neighbor ◽  
Mystical Transformation

Abstract: This article will elaborate the sufism thought of Fethullah Gulen. He has transformed Sufism from purely spiritual experience turned into an activity that is directly in contact with the issue of Muslims and human beings on this earth. Two of the most prominent organizer of the mystical transformation is education and the world peace movement. He tried to bring peace to the world across cultures, religions and ethnicities. The thought pattern of Gülen which is based on religious values and the universality has created a concept which is more popular in the community, but do not abandon spiritual values. The transformation of ideas and concepts of sufism who taught the importance of devotion to others, selflessness and love of neighbor. Abstrak: Artikel ini akan mengelaborasi pemikiran tasawuf Fethullah Gulen. Ia telah mentransformasikan tasawuf dari yang hanya bersifat pengalaman spiritual berubah menjadi sebuah aktivitas yang langsung bersentuhan dengan persoalan umat Islam dan manusia di bumi ini. Dua agenda yang paling menonjol dari transformasi sufistiknya itu adalah pendidikan dan gerakan perdamaian dunia. Ia berupaya mewujudkan perdamaian dunia lintas budaya, agama maupun etnis. Pola pemikiran Gülen yang dilandasi nilai-nilai keagamaan dan universalitas telah menciptakan konsep yang lebih memasyarakat namun tidak meninggalkan nilai-nilai spiritual. Transformasi dari pemikiran dan konsep tasawwuf yang mengajarkan pentingnya pengabdian kepada orang lain, tidak mementingkan diri sendiri dan cinta terhadap sesama. Keywords: transformasi, tasawuf, perdamaian, pendidikan, generasi emas.

Preserving the world for Christ

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Conceptual Basis ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
City Of God ◽  
Common Life ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World

AbstractThe practices, habits and convictions that once allowed the inhabitants of Christendom to determine what they could reasonably do and say together to foster a just and equitable common life have slowly been displaced over the past few centuries by new configurations which have sought to maintain an inherited faith in an underlying purpose to human life while disassociating themselves from the God who had been the beginning and end of that faith. In the end, however, these new configurations are incapable of sustained deliberations about the basic conditions of our humanity. Dietrich Bonhoeffer's theology provides important clues into what it takes to make and keep human life human in such a world. The first part of this essay examines Bonhoeffer's conception of the last things, the things before the last, and what binds them together. He argues that the things before the last do not possess a separate, autonomous existence, and that the positing of such a breach has had disastrous effects on human beings and the world they inhabit. The second part looks at Bonhoeffer's account of the divine mandates as the conceptual basis for coping with a world that has taken leave of God. Though this account of the mandates has much to commend it, it is hindered by problematic habits of interpretation that leave it vacillating between incommensurable positions. Bonhoeffer's incomplete insights are thus subsumed within Augustine's understanding of the two orders of human society set forth in City of God.

scholarly journals KAVIÑAR AṞIVUMATI KAVITAIKAḶIL UVAKAI [HILARITY IN ARIVUMATHI’S POETRY]

2022 ◽  
pp. 96-103
Author(s):  
SUGUNADEVI VEERAN ◽  
S.SANTHIYA
Keyword(s):  
Emotional State ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Human Happiness ◽  
The World ◽  
Living Being ◽  
The Way

It is knowledge and emotion that haunt human society. From the day the world appeared until the day the world ended, knowledge and emotion existed. According to Thiruvalluvar, knowledge that calms the emotion in his kural. Meyppatu are manifestations of mental consciousness. Tholkkappiyar has numbered the emotions that appear in the human mind in his epic Tholkkappiyam in Chapter Porulathigaaram. He has analyzed the emotions that appear within him in a way that others can know and understand very accurately (Meyppatu). They are eight types of emotions that apply to all human beings in the world. Meyppatu are the expression of human instincts. This dissertation aims to find out how the poetic enlightenment has been manipulated in the poetic epistemology of the numerical facts stated in the economics of Tholkappiam the fact of the matter is that consciousness is an emotional state that paves the way for human happiness. Any living being born into the world wants to be happy. Therefore, the researcher has used the poems of Arivumathi to prove this fact.

scholarly journals RETHINKING THE OTHER FOR MULTICULTURAL EDUCATION – FOCUSED ON THE PHILOSOPHY OF BUBER AND LEVINAS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seungeun Choi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Multicultural Education ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Multicultural Society ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Korean Society ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Ethics ◽  
The Relationship

The number of foreigners residing in Korea exceeded 2.5 million for the first time ever. As the ratio of foreigners to the total population approaches 5%, it is evaluated that Korea has actually entered a multicultural society. It is known that among the types of foreigners staying there are many young foreigners who visit Korea for the purpose of employment. The number of marriage immigrants was 16,025, an increase of 4.3% from the previous year. Of these, 82.6% were women. Entering a multicultural society in a situation where empathy for each other is insufficient can lead to social conflict. In particular, in the COVID-19 pandemic, hostility toward foreigners is more prevalent, and hatred for strangers is increasing. This study critically analyzes these social phenomena and seeks to raise the philosophical basis for multicultural education by establishing a concept with a new perspective on the other. This paper focuses on the philosophy of Buber and Levinas. By establishing 'I and You' as a meeting, Buber presented a new relationship with others. Meanwhile, Levinas emphasized human ethics and responsibility as the absolute and infinite being of the other. According to Buber, in the world there is a relationship between 'I-You' and 'I-It', and in order to live a true life, you must establish a relationship between 'I and you'. The relationship between 'I and it' is a temporary and mechanical relationship where objects can be replaced at any time by looking at the world from an instrumental point of view. However, the relationship between 'I and You' is a relationship that faces each other personally, and the only 'I' that cannot be changed with anything and the 'You' that cannot be replaced exist in deep trust. In phenomenology of otherness, Levinas intends to describe the encounter with the something outside the subject. The concepts of possession, distinctiveness and understanding are replaced by those of approaches, proximity, care and fecundity. In Korean society, a policy that seeks to use foreigners as human resources and, especially in the case of marriage immigrant women, as a solution to a society with low birthrates along with the labor force, shows how society treats others. Therefore, multicultural education must rethink the existence and dignity of human beings through the perspective of the other as asserted in the philosophy of Buber and Levinas.

Creation

2019 ◽  
pp. 178-195
Author(s):  
Matthew Puffer
Keyword(s):  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Christian Theology ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
New Creation ◽  
Limited Role ◽  
The World ◽  
In Christ ◽  
Access To Knowledge ◽  
Good And Evil ◽  
The Church

Dietrich Bonhoeffer’s theology of creation is rooted in the confession that Jesus Christ is the mediator. Apart from Christ’s mediation human beings cannot perceive God’s creation, because our postlapsarian world manifests only a fallen creation in which good and evil are confused and intermixed. Whereas Bonhoeffer in his student years affirmed a limited role for the orders of creation, his subsequent writings on the theology of creation can be read as a response to and reaction against the orders of creation. Although human beings have no unmediated access to knowledge of God’s creation, and know the world as fallen creation only through Christ’s redemption, in Christ they are empowered by the Spirit, incorporated into Christ’s body the church, and made a new creation. Only in light of the hoped-for eschatological fulfilment of the new creation may Christian theology speak of the beginning of God’s ways as Creator.

Why is there so much evil?

2014 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-243
Author(s):  
William Hasker
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
Problem Of Evil ◽  
Natural Order ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The World ◽  
The Problem Of Evil ◽  
Good And Evil

The problem of evil is one that perplexes both believers and non-believers. The best approach to the problem is to see evil and suffering as the outcome of general policies God has adopted in creating and governing the world—policies which on the whole are good and beneficial, but which in specific cases lead to suffering for humans and other sentient creatures. Chief among these policies are the policy of allowing human beings to exercise free will in choosing between good and evil, and the policy of creating and sustaining a world of nature that operates according to its inherent laws, with divine interventions into the natural order comparatively infrequent. This approach benefits persons suffering from various evils by releasing them from an often fruitless search for “God’s reasons” for the evil in question, and enabling them to focus on the grace and strength given by Christ to live courageously in spite of their suffering.

scholarly journals Rebuilding a Smart and Sustainable Human Society for the World

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renaud Richard
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Project Managers ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The World ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Share Information ◽  
Shed Light

A bit under 10 years: That’s what it took engineers and project managers to bring some human beings to the Moon in the 60’s. That’s also the time we have to act and rebuild a smart and sustainable human society for the world, and one good indicator for this is reaching the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals by the year 2030. The Sulitest’s matrix gives an excellent structure to explain the current situation and share information in a structured and helpful way; a way in which all can find an answer to this key question: “What can YOU do NOW to rebuild a smart and sustainable society for the world?” The Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development, also known as The Natural Step Framework, is the best approach I’ve found to help create needed systemic and strategic changes. Examples from the business or scientific areas can shed light on how to achieve this incredibly needed change to discuss the role of technology, and to explore how systems change and can be transformed. In this paper, I’ll share some of the experience and learnings I’ve gained over the last 20 years, trying to acce lerate change towards sustainability. I’ll share the fact that it’s fun and motivating, as well as an incredible opportunity for all, even if it’s not necessarily always easy like most good things which do require efforts to reach. And for all the ones who won’t be able to read further: If not now, when? If not here, where? If not you and I, who?

scholarly journals RELATION OF SOCIAL BACKGROUND AND FOLK MUSIC OF UTTARAKHAN

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1SE) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Sontesh Pathak ◽  
Manisha Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Folk Music ◽  
Social Background ◽  
English Word ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Influence Area ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Folk Literature ◽  
Area Of Influence

The world is the largest unit of human society and its important part is society. Folk literature, folk art and consequent folk culture are the creation of this way of life. Many families form a society by joining one family. Every person in the family plays an important role in building the family, society, nation and the world. India is a culture oriented country in the whole world. The word Sanskrit is related to Sanskar which means to amend, to refine and to make perfect. The word culture became synonymous with the English word culture. It means to create or improve. Rites are hidden in culture itself. Even though the music art originated in the religion-oriented India, the innate feelings and inspirations of human beings have changed. It has been developed and brought up in the womb of music. The social background and folk music of Uttarakhand is closely related. Garhwal and Kumaon divisions, Uttarakhand, the birthplace of Adyashakti Parvati, has been the taphbhoomi of sages and sages since ancient times, Mahakavi Kalidas has worshiped the Himalayas in the Mangal Shloka of his epic and called Nagadhiraj the deity of God and earth. Both these centers of Devbhoomi took their area of ​​influence, due to which the influence area of ​​Kedar came to be called 'Kedarkhand' and Kailash Mansarovar's area of ​​influence was called 'Manaskhand'. विश्व मानव समाज की वृहत्तम इकाई है और इसका महत्वपूर्ण अंग है, समाज। लोक साहित्य, लोककला और परिणामस्वरूप लोक संस्कृति इस जीवन पद्धति की निर्मिति है। एक परिवार से जुड़कर अनेक परिवार समाज बनाते हैं। परिवार में प्रत्येक व्यक्ति, परिवार, समाज, राष्ट्र और विश्व के निर्माण में एक महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाता है। समस्त विश्व में भारत संस्कृति प्रधान देश है। संस्कृति शब्द का सम्बन्ध संस्कार से है जिसका अर्थ है - संशोधन करना, परिष्कार करना एवं उत्तम बनाना। संस्कृति शब्द अंग्रेजी शब्द कल्चर का पर्यायवाची बना। इसका अर्थ है पैदा करना या सुधारना। संस्कृति में ही संस्कार छिपे होते हैं। धर्म प्रधान भारत में संगीत कला का उद्गम भले ही मानव की सहज भावनाओं एवं प्रेरणाओं के अभ्यंतर हुआ हो। उसका विकास व पालन-पोषण संगीत की कोख में हुआ है। उत्तराखण्ड की सामाजिक पृष्ठभूमि और लोकसंगीत का गहरा सम्बन्ध है। ‘‘गढ़वाल तथा कुमाऊँ मण्डल, आद्यशक्ति पार्वती की जन्मभूमि उत्तराखण्ड, प्राचीनकाल से ही ऋषि-मुनियों की तपोभूमि रही है, महाकवि कालिदास ने अपने महाकाव्य के मंगल श्लोक में हिमालय की वंदना कर नगाधिराज को देवात्मा एवं पृथ्वी का मानदण्ड कहा है। देवभूमि के इन दोनों केन्द्रों ने अपने प्रभाव क्षेत्र में लिया था जिस कारण केदार के प्रभाव क्षेत्र को ‘केदारखण्ड’ और कैलाश मानसरोवर के प्रभाव क्षेत्र को ‘मानसखण्ड’ कहा जाने लगा।9

Ethics and risks between human and robotic interaction

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-147
Author(s):  
Lin Yu ◽  
Shejiao Ding
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Robot ◽  
Service Robot ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Safety Design ◽  
The World ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Machine Standards ◽  
Related Technique ◽  
Close Contacts

Abstract Robot is definitely playing important role in human society. Low contact on machine standards is mostly on industrial robot while close contacts are in increasing demand in service robot, etc. The development of robotics with advanced hardware and artificial intelligence (AI) provide the possibility with human beings while close contacts raise many new issues on ethics and risks. For interaction, the related technique of perception, cognition and interaction are briefly introduced. For ethics, rules should be given for the robot designers to include ethics for certain application while risks should be evaluated during the experiment test. To make efficient decision, safety design with AI technology should be put on agenda for roboticists. Except from the risks, ethics raise many challenges while most of them can be solved by developing technologies while some of the problems exist in human’s society which also raise the questions for the human beings. More broader vision should be taken from different social departments together to avoid the possible embarrassed issues. It’s time to welcome the world of robotics and related techniques will make life more efficient while human-robot coexistence society will come one day and law should be imposed on both.

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