Utilization of garlic and meniran flour by repelleting method in feed for preventive and curative efficacy of Aeromonas hydrophila in catfish Clarias sp.

This research was purposed to determine the effective dose of meniran and garlic flour in feed by repelleting method for preventive and curative efficacy to the infection of Aeromonas hydrophila in catfish. The treatment tested were eight different dosages of garlic and meniran meals (2:1). Those four dosage used to preventive treatment namely A (0.1%), B (1.1%), C (2.1%), and D (3.1%), the other four used to curative treatment namely E (0.2%), F (2.2%), G (4.2%), and H (6.2%). The preventive treatments were given for two weeks before challenging test. The curative treatment was performed on 2nd–8th day after challenging test. Challenging test was carried out by intramuscularly injecting of 0.1 mL A. hydrophila (108cfu/mL) into the fish. Parameters observed were feeding response, growth rate, survival rate, clinical symptoms, wound healing, and organs morphology. The result showed that the survival rate of preventive treatment was 40±40% for A and B, 60±20% for C, and 20±20% for D. The survival rate of curative treatment was 33.33±11.55% for E, 46.67±11.55% for F, 33.33±11.55% for G, and 26.67±11.55% for H. The results indicated that the preventive treatment was more effective than the curative treatment, presumably because the immunostimulatory activities on preventive was better than curative. Keywords: garlic, meniran, repelleting, Aeromonas hydrophila, catfish

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TREATMENT OF VIBRIOSIS DISEASE (Vibrio harveyi) IN VANAME SHRIMP (Litopenaeus vannamei, Boone 1931) USING Avicennia alba LEAVES EXTRACT

e-Jurnal Rekayasa dan Teknologi Budidaya Perairan ◽

10.23960/jrtbp.v8i1.p909-916 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 909

Author(s):

Dian Rusadi ◽

Wardiyanto Wardiyanto ◽

Rara Diantari

Keyword(s):

Survival Rate ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Vibrio Harveyi ◽

Time Of Death ◽

Mangrove Plant ◽

Vibrio Infection ◽

The Mean ◽

Avicennia Alba ◽

Mean Time ◽

Better Than

Avicennia alba is a mangrove plant that often ued by coastal society as a traditional medecine, it is potential to be dveloped as the sources of pharmaceutical. The aim of the research is to examine the effect of Avicennia alba leaves extract various concentrations to Vibrio harveyi infection on vaname shrimp. The addition of the extract is thought to be used as an antibacterial so that it can give effect to the attack of V. harveyi in vaname shrimp. Vaname shrimps (total of 120 shrimps) with a weight of 10±2g/ind were injected intramuscularly with V. harveyi bacteria in 107 CFU/ml density. After the occurrences of clinical symptoms, the shrimps were immersed into A. alba leaves extract with concentration 0 ppm, 150 ppm, 250 ppm, and 350 ppm for 21 days. The results showed that the addition leaves extract can increase shrimp’s survival rate as much as 46.67% and increase the shrimp’s ability to prevent (RPS) V. harveyi infection untill of 70±15%. The mean time of death (MTD) was 106±18.33 hours, it caused there ar active compounds contained such as saponin, tannin, and steroid be suspected antibacterial so that they can protect shrimp from the effect of Vibrio infection damage. Giving a concentration of 250 ppm Avicennia alba leaves extract can treat vaname shrimp which was attacked by V. harveyi better than other treatments.

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Hypothermia below 25 C for one day in the rat

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1962.17.1.107 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 107-109 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Peter J. Connaughton ◽

F. John Lewis

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Survival Rate ◽

Respiratory Rate ◽

The Other ◽

Body Temperatures ◽

Adult Rats ◽

Better Than

Adult rats were subjected to 24 hr of hypothermia at body temperatures below 25 C because of several characteristics which indicated that rats might withstand such a procedure better than dogs. Two groups were studied: in one the animals were enclosed in a poorly ventilated Lucite cylinder; the rats in the other group were merely wrapped in a cooling blanket. Those rats cooled while in a poorly ventilated enclosure had a significantly increased survival rate; factors which may have influenced this increased survival are discussed. The changes in hematocrit, respiratory rate, and heart rate parallel those observed previously in the dog subjected to the same procedure. Submitted on October 26, 1960

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The Effect of Potassium Diformate as Feed Additive on Immune Performances of Nilem (Osteochilus hasselti Valenciennes, 1842) Under Infection of Aeromonas hydrophila

Omni-Akuatika ◽

10.20884/1.oa.2020.16.1.734 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 11

Author(s):

Ibnu Bangkit Bioshina Suryadi ◽

Desty Nurul Ulfa ◽

Ayi Yustiati ◽

Rosidah Rosidah

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Survival Rate ◽

Experimental Method ◽

Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

The Body ◽

Effective Dosage ◽

Feed Additive ◽

Random Design ◽

Body Resistance

This research aims to determine the most effective dosage of potassium diformate additives in feed to increase the body resistance of nilem carp (Osteochilus hasselti). This research used Complete Random Design (CRD) experimental method with 4 treatments and 4 replications. The treatment used was the addition of potassium diformate on feed (0 %, 0.1 %, 0.3 % and 0.5 %). After 28 days of treatment, nilem fingerlings were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria with a density of 108 cfu ml-1. Parameters observed were the number of leukocytes, erythrocytes, survival rate, clinical symptoms and water quality. The result showed that leukocytes and erythrocytes number were significantly different in each treatment. Meanwhile, leukocytes and erythrocytes number of nilem fingerlings in challenged test were increased and decreased due to the addition of potassium diformate and A. hydrophila infection. Clinical symptoms after challenged test were relatively similar such as haemorhagic, ulceration, exopthalmia, dropsy and abnormal swimming movements. Therefore, survival rate of nilem fingerlings with 0.3 % of potassiun diformate was the highest compared to other treatments, namely 81.67 %.

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FEED TIME AND QUANTITY MANAGEMENT IN INCREASE GROWTH RATE AND SURVIVAL RATE OF SNAKEHEAD FISH FARMING, Channa striata (Bloch, 1793)

Journal of Aquatropica Asia ◽

10.33019/aquatropica.v5i1.1815 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Chatammi Akbar ◽

Deny Sapto Chondro Utomo ◽

Siti Hudaidah ◽

Agus Setyawan

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Survival Rate ◽

Feeding Rate ◽

Fish Farming ◽

The Other ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Feeding Frequency ◽

Absolute Weight ◽

Protein Retention ◽

Randomized Design

The nature of cannibalism in snakehead fish (Channa stiata) causes high mortality in snakehead fish farming. Good and proper management is needed to minimize its cannibalism. The aims of this research were intended to find out the feeding frequency and feeding rate in growth performance and survival rate of snakehead fish seed. This research was conducted with Factorial Completely Randomized Design (FCRD), which consisted of 2 factors, feeding rate and feeding frequency each with triplicates. The treatments of feeding rate were 3%, 5%, and 7% and the treatments of feeding frequency were 3 and 4 times everyday. The used feed is commercial feed PF-800. The result of this research indicated that feeding rate 7% with 4 times feeding frequency each day was the highest absolute weight and length of growth rate than the other treatments. The highest value in survival rate parameter was feeding rate 3% with 3 and 4 times/day. On the other hand, the lowest value in FCR parameter was feeding rate 5% with 3 times feeding frequency each day. Meanwhile, the highest value in protein retention parameter was feeding rate 5% with 3 times/day. The result showed that there was any interaction in absolute weight of growth rate and protein retention. The single factor in form of feeding rate gave significant results of survival value and feed conversion ratio. The result of this research showed that feed management of 7% FR with 4 times/day FF gave the best result in growth, FCR, and protein efficiency of snakehead fish. Although, it has the lowest SR value, but 7% FR with 4 times/day FF can produce the highest biomass of snakehead fish in this study reached 114,45g.

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Influence of floor type and stocking density on leg weakness, osteochondrosis and claw disorders in slaughter pigs

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1357729800054382 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 77 (3) ◽

pp. 439-449 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

B. Jørgensen

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Stocking Density ◽

The Other ◽

Slaughter Pigs ◽

Leg Weakness ◽

Better Than ◽

Volar Surface

AbstractThe effects of floor type and stocking density on leg weakness, osteochondrosis and claw disorders in slaughter pigs were studied. Three hundred pigs were housed in pens with either solid floors with plenty of straw, solid floors without straw or fully slatted floors at either high (0·65 m2 per pig) or low (1·2 m2 per pig) stocking density from 25 to 105 kg. In each pen half of the pigs were boars and half gilts of the breeds Landrace and Yorkshire ✕ Landrace crossbred. There was no difference in growth rate between the three floor types. The growth rate of the boars was higher at low compared with high stocking density, while no effect of stocking density was seen in the gilts. The prevalence of leg weakness and claw disorders was different for the various floor types, while no effect of floor type could be found on joint changes. With regard to leg weakness, slatted flooring was significantly worse than solid floors with or without straw for standing under position on hind legs, while pens with plenty of straw were significantly better than the other floor types with regard to stiff movement and forelegs turned out. A calculated sum of the nine leg weakness symptoms showed that pens with straw were the best followed by solid floor without straw, while slatted floors were the worst. Regarding claw disorders, solid floors without straw were the worst. High stocking density affected four leg weakness variables (buck-kneed forelegs, turned-out fore- and hind legs, standing under position on hind legs), one joint change and three claw disorders negatively. Boars scored worse than gilts with regard to one leg weakness trait and one claw disorder and thickening of cartilage in two joints. Differences between breeds differed for the examined variables. Claw hardness was affected by floor type with regard to medial claws, which were softer on slatted floors. The hind claws were softer than the foreclaws on the volar surface, while there was no difference between the hardness of the topside of the fore- and hind claws. Claw hardness was not affected by sex. In conclusion, it can be said that the examined floor types do not have the same effect on the different aspects of leg weaknesses and claw disorders. Thus, clinical leg problems are worst on slatted floors and best in pens with straw, but claw disorders are worst on solid floors without straw. Further, high stocking density specifically affects the clinical leg weaknesses and claw disorders. Joint changes were not affected by floor type or stocking density.

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PENGGUNAAN PROBIOTIK PADA PAKAN PEMBESARAN IKAN BANDENG DALAM KERAMBA JARING APUNG DI LAUT

Jurnal Riset Akuakultur ◽

10.15578/jra.2.1.2007.33-40 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 33 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Abdul Malik Tangko ◽

Abdul Mansyur ◽

Reski Reski

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Survival Rate ◽

Mesh Size ◽

The Other ◽

Daily Growth Rate ◽

Daily Growth ◽

South Sulawesi

Penelitian telah dilaksanakan di Teluk Labuange, Kabupaten Barru, Sulawesi Selatan selama 3 bulan. Penelitian menggunakan keramba jaring apung ukuran 1x1x1,2 m3 yang ditebari ikan bandeng ukuran 90—100 g/ekor sebanyak 25 ekor/keramba. Sebagai perlakuan adalah penambahan probiotik (Haimix-S) dalam pakan masing-masing perlakuan A (kontrol tanpa probiotik); B (0,1%); C (0,2%); dan D (0,3%/kg pakan) masingmasing perlakuan terdiri atas tiga ulangan dalam rancangan acak lengkap. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan C memberikan respon pertumbuhan harian terbaik, dan berbeda nyata (P<0,05) dengan perlakuan A, B, dan D. Untuk sintasan semua perlakuan memberikan respon yang sama (tidak berbeda nyata) (P>0,05). Sedang rasio konversi pakan terbaik diperoleh pada perlakuan C dan D, dan berbeda nyata (P<0,05) dengan perlakuan A dan B. Kisaran nilai beberapa variabel kualitas air yang diukur selama penelitian masih berada dalam batas-batas yang layak untuk menunjang pertumbuhan ikan uji.This experiment was conducted at Labuange Bay, Barru Regency, South Sulawesi for three months. The aims of this experiment was to find out the effect of the used probiotic (Haimix-S) in feed for milkfish grow-out cultured in floating cages in the sea. Completely Randomized Designed were used in this experiment, 12 floating cages each zise 1x1x1.2 m3 with mesh size 1.5 inch. Were stocked with 25 ind. of milkfish. Three dosages of probiotic (Haimix-S) were tested namely A without probiotic (0.0%), B (0.1%), C (0.2%), and D (0.3%) per kg. each treatment in triplicated. The results of this experiment showed that the best of daily growth rate were founded at the treatment C and significantly different with the other treatments. The average of survival rate were 97.4-%-100% and it was not significantly different (P>0.05). There was also showed not significantly different (P>0.5%) on feed conversio ratio between treatment C and B, but there were significantly different (P<0.05) with the treatment A and D.

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Effectiveness of lactic acid bacteria to increase the body resistance of common carp, Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758 against Aeromonas hydrophila

Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia ◽

10.32491/jii.v21i3.593 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 291-304

Author(s):

Rosidah Rosidah ◽

Yuniar Mulyani ◽

Fittrie Mellianawaty Pratiwy ◽

Afifah Shabirah ◽

Juli A Sinaga

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Survival Rate ◽

Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽

Common Carp ◽

Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

The Body ◽

White Blood Count ◽

Cell Counts ◽

The Common

This study aims to find out the right lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolates to improve the common carp body's immune system against the attack of the Aeromonas hydrophila bacterium. Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) isolates were obtained from the organs of the common carp intestine. The study used a Completely Randomized Design consisting of four treatments and three replications. The treatment used was immersion of test fish for 24 hours in several isolates of LAB with a density of 108 cfu ml-1, namely A: without LAB isolate (control), B: isolate CcB7, C: isolate CcB8, D: isolate CcB15. Immersion is done three times with a frequency of seven days. Parameters observed included clinical symptoms, survival rate, red and white blood cell counts. The results showed the immersion of LAB isolate CcB15, namely Lactobacillus gasseri was most effective for increasing the body's resistance to Common Carp, which was demonstrated by mild clinical symptoms and faster recovery, high fish survival rate (83.33%), and number of cells the highest white blood count of 147,47x103 cell mm-3 (an increase in white blood cells by 38%).

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Infection control of Aeromonas hydrophila in catfish (Clarias sp.) using mixture of meniran Phyllanthus niruri and garlic Allium sativum in feed

Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia ◽

10.19027/jai.9.93-103 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 93 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dinamella Wahjuningrum ◽

Eka Hidayatus Solikhah ◽

Tatag Budiardi ◽

Mia Setiawati

Keyword(s):

Infection Control ◽

Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽

Allium Sativum ◽

Preventive Treatment ◽

Curative Treatment ◽

Phyllanthus Niruri ◽

Natural Materials ◽

Active Substances

Motile aeromonad septicaemia (MAS) is caused by the bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila. The use of plant (natural materials) such as meniran and garlic can be as an alternative way to inhibit the activity of A. hydrophila by their active substances which have potency as an antibacterial and immunostimulant. The aim of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of using a mixture of meniran and garlic in feed to control of A. hydrophila in catfish. There were split in two kind of doses namely, preventive (garlic:meniran=5 ppt:20 ppt) and curative (garlic:meniran=10 ppt:40 ppt). The preventive treatment was given for two weeks before challenging test. The curative treatment was performed on 2th-8th day after challenging test. Challenging test was carried out by intramuscularly injecting of 0,1 mL A. hydrophila (108cfu/ml) into the fish. The results indicated that preventive treatment with a mixture of extracts 5 ppt meniran and 20 ppt garlic was more effective in preventing infection of A. hydrophila than curative treatment. Keywords: Phyllanthus niruri, Allium sativum, catfish, Aeromonas hydrophila. ABSTRAK Penyakit MAS (motile aeromonad septicaemia) disebabkan oleh bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila. Bahan alami seperti meniran dan bawang putih dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif untuk menghambat aktivitas bakteri ini. Zat aktif yang dimiliki bahan ini berpotensi sebagai antibakteri dan immunostimulan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis efektivitas penggunaan campuran meniran dan bawang putih dalam pakan untuk pengendalian penyakit MAS pada ikan lele. Perlakuan dibagi menjadi dua dosis, yaitu pencegahan (bawang putih:meniran=5 ppt:20 ppt) dan pengobatan (bawang putih:meniran=10 ppt:40 ppt). Perlakuan pencegahan diberikan selama seminggu sebelum uji tantang. Perlakuan pengobatan dilakukan pada hari ke 2 hingga hari ke-8 setelah uji tantang. Uji tantang dilakukan dengan menyuntikkan secara intramuskuler 0,1 ml A. hydrophila (108cfu/ml) ke ikan lele. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan pencegahan dengan campuran ekstrak meniran 5 ppt dan bawang putih 20 ppt efektif dalam mencegah infeksi A. hydrophila dibandingkan dengan perlakuan pengobatan dengan campuran ekstrak meniran 10 ppt dan 40 ppt bawang putih. Kata kunci: meniran, bawang putih, lele, Aeromonas hydrophila.

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Performance of Japanese and Hybrid Larch Progenies in Pennsylvania

Northern Journal of Applied Forestry ◽

10.1093/njaf/11.2.53 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 53-57 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

James J. Zaczek ◽

Kim C. Steiner ◽

R. D. Shipman

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Seed Orchard ◽

Japanese Larch ◽

The Other ◽

High Survival ◽

Seed Orchards ◽

Plus Tree ◽

Progeny Tests ◽

Natural Stands ◽

Better Than

Abstract Two series of larch progeny tests were established at three locations in Pennsylvania in the spring of 1984. The Penn Orchard series contained progenies of 24 "plus-tree" Japanese larch clones growing in a seed orchard in Pennsylvania, two production seedlots of Japanese larch, and two lots of Japanese x European larch hybrids. The Westvaco test contained 5 hybrid seedlots and 15 seedlots of Japanese larch originating from 9 seed orchards (including Penn "A" Orchard), 5 plantations, and one natural stand. After 7 yr, only one site was clearly ideal for Japanese larch, having produced both rapid growth (0.83 and 0.99 m/yr) and high survival. Survival or growth was considerably lower at the other two sites, probably because of both seasonally excessive and deficient soil moisture. Hybrid lots were significantly shorter than others at the best site; they tended to survive significantly better than Japanese larch at the other two sites, but they did not necessarily grow taller. Progenies from seed orchards were not significantly faster growing than those from plantations or natural stands (Westvaco test); and progenies from select trees in the Penn Orchard test were not significantly faster growing than production lots. Although genetic effects on 7 yr height were significant in most individual plantations, few seedlots could be statistically distinguished as superior or inferior in growth rate. Seedlot pedigree had much less influence on growth rate or survival than did choice of site. North. J. Appl. For. 11(2):53-57.

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Selection of lactic acid bacteria as a probiotic and evaluated its performance on gnotobiotic catfish Clarias sp.

Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia ◽

10.19027/jai.17.1.68-80 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 68

Author(s):

Enita Romasni Turnip ◽

Widanarni, Widanarni ◽

Anja Meryandini

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Lactic Acid ◽

Survival Rate ◽

Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽

Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Challenge Test ◽

Feed Conversion

ABSTRACT This study aimed to select lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as a potential probiotic that producing anti‒microbial compounds in order to treat motile aeromonads septicemia diseases caused by Aeromonas hydrophila on catfish Clarias sp. and evaluated its performance on gnotobiotic catfish. The in vitro assay was done to select several LAB isolates based on antagonistic activity against pathogenic bacteria. The selected isolate was tested in vivo to observe their ability to improve growth performances of catfish. The study was conducted with five treatments consists of K‒ (normal catfish without addition probiotic, without challenge test), K+ (normal catfish without addition of probiotic, with challenge test), Np (normal catfish with addition of probiotic and challenge test), G (gnoto catfish without addition of probiotic, with challenge test), and Gp (gnoto catfish with addition of probiotic and challenge test). The results showed that the addition of Pediococcus pentosaceus E2211 as selected probiotic could increase survival rate, specific growth rate, and immune response towards infection of A. hydrophila. The best survival rate after challenge test was obtained in Np and Gp treatments (88.46%), followed by G treatment (65.38%), while the K+ was only 53.84%. The conclusion of this study was P. pentosaceus E2211 potentially used as a probiotic candidate for normal and gnotobiotic catfish. The presence of normal microflora with P. pentosaceus E2211 in Np treatment showed the best probiotic performance with daily growth rate 3.28%, feed conversion ratio 1.79, and total intestinal bacteria reached 108 CFU/mL significantly different from other treatments (P<0.05).Keywords: Aeromonas hydrophila, catfish, LAB, probiotic, screening ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah menyeleksi bakteri asam laktat (BAL) sebagai probiotik potensial penghasil senyawa antimikrob guna menanggulangi penyakit motile aeromonad septicemia akibat Aeromonas hydrophila pada ikan lele Clarias sp. dan evaluasi kinerjanya pada ikan lele gnotobiotik. Pengujian in vitro dilakukan untuk menyeleksi beberapa isolat BAL sebagai kandidat probiotik berdasarkan aktivitas antagonis terhadap bakteri patogen. Isolat terpilih kemudian diuji in vivo untuk mengetahui kemampuannya dalam meningkatkan performa tumbuh ikan lele. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan lima perlakuan, yaitu: K‒ (lele normal tanpa probiotik dan tanpa tanpa diuji tantang), K+ (lele normal tanpa probiotik dan diuji tantang), Np (lele normal diberi probiotik dan diuji tantang), G (lele gnoto tanpa probiotik dan diuji tantang), dan Gp (lele gnoto diberi probiotik dan diuji tantang). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian probiotik terpilih BAL Pediococcus pentosaceus E2211 mampu meningkatkan sintasan, laju pertumbuhan, dan respons imun ikan lele terhadap infeksi A. hydrophila. Sintasan terbaik pascauji tantang diperoleh pada perlakuan Np dan Gp yaitu sebesar 88,46%, diikuti perlakuan G sebesar 65,38%, sementara pada K+ hanya mencapai 53,84%. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini ialah isolat BAL terpilih P. pentosaceus E2211 berpotensi sebagai kandidat probiotik untuk ikan lele normal dan lele gnotobiotik Clarias sp. Keberadaan mikroflora normal yang berasosiasi dengan P. pentosaceus E2211 pada perlakuan Np menunjukkan kinerja probiotik terbaik dengan nilai laju pertubuhan harian 3,28%, rasio konversi pakan 1,79 dan total bakteri usus mencapai 108 CFU/mL yang berbeda signifikan dibanding perlakuan lainnya (P<0,05).Kata kunci: A. hydrophila, BAL, ikan lele, probiotik, seleksi

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