Infection control of Aeromonas hydrophila in catfish (Clarias sp.) using mixture of meniran Phyllanthus niruri and garlic Allium sativum in feed

Dinamella Wahjuningrum; Eka Hidayatus Solikhah; Tatag Budiardi; Mia Setiawati

doi:10.19027/jai.9.93-103

Infection control of Aeromonas hydrophila in catfish (Clarias sp.) using mixture of meniran Phyllanthus niruri and garlic Allium sativum in feed

Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia ◽

10.19027/jai.9.93-103 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 93 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dinamella Wahjuningrum ◽

Eka Hidayatus Solikhah ◽

Tatag Budiardi ◽

Mia Setiawati

Keyword(s):

Infection Control ◽

Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽

Allium Sativum ◽

Preventive Treatment ◽

Curative Treatment ◽

Phyllanthus Niruri ◽

Natural Materials ◽

Active Substances

Motile aeromonad septicaemia (MAS) is caused by the bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila. The use of plant (natural materials) such as meniran and garlic can be as an alternative way to inhibit the activity of A. hydrophila by their active substances which have potency as an antibacterial and immunostimulant. The aim of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of using a mixture of meniran and garlic in feed to control of A. hydrophila in catfish. There were split in two kind of doses namely, preventive (garlic:meniran=5 ppt:20 ppt) and curative (garlic:meniran=10 ppt:40 ppt). The preventive treatment was given for two weeks before challenging test. The curative treatment was performed on 2th-8th day after challenging test. Challenging test was carried out by intramuscularly injecting of 0,1 mL A. hydrophila (108cfu/ml) into the fish. The results indicated that preventive treatment with a mixture of extracts 5 ppt meniran and 20 ppt garlic was more effective in preventing infection of A. hydrophila than curative treatment. Keywords: Phyllanthus niruri, Allium sativum, catfish, Aeromonas hydrophila. ABSTRAK Penyakit MAS (motile aeromonad septicaemia) disebabkan oleh bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila. Bahan alami seperti meniran dan bawang putih dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif untuk menghambat aktivitas bakteri ini. Zat aktif yang dimiliki bahan ini berpotensi sebagai antibakteri dan immunostimulan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis efektivitas penggunaan campuran meniran dan bawang putih dalam pakan untuk pengendalian penyakit MAS pada ikan lele. Perlakuan dibagi menjadi dua dosis, yaitu pencegahan (bawang putih:meniran=5 ppt:20 ppt) dan pengobatan (bawang putih:meniran=10 ppt:40 ppt). Perlakuan pencegahan diberikan selama seminggu sebelum uji tantang. Perlakuan pengobatan dilakukan pada hari ke 2 hingga hari ke-8 setelah uji tantang. Uji tantang dilakukan dengan menyuntikkan secara intramuskuler 0,1 ml A. hydrophila (108cfu/ml) ke ikan lele. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan pencegahan dengan campuran ekstrak meniran 5 ppt dan bawang putih 20 ppt efektif dalam mencegah infeksi A. hydrophila dibandingkan dengan perlakuan pengobatan dengan campuran ekstrak meniran 10 ppt dan 40 ppt bawang putih. Kata kunci: meniran, bawang putih, lele, Aeromonas hydrophila.

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Duration of feed application of mixed powders of Phyllanthus niruri and Allium sativum for the prevention of Aeromonas hydrophila infection in catfish Clarias sp.

Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia ◽

10.19027/jai.11.179-189 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 179

Author(s):

Dinamella Wahjuningrum ◽

Iis Widiani ◽

Sri Nuryati

Keyword(s):

Survival Rate ◽

Experimental Design ◽

Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽

Allium Sativum ◽

Phyllanthus Niruri ◽

Random Design ◽

And Control

Motile Aeromonad Septicaemia (MAS) caused by Aeromonas hydrophila induced serious epidemics of disease in catfish Clarias sp. The purposed of this research was to determine optimum durations of feed application of mixed powders Phyllanthus niruri and Allium sativum to prevent MAS. Experimental design that used was Complete Random Design which consist of three treatments and three replications. This research tested on three different of durations of feed application of P. niruri and A. sativum, namely A (powder of P. niruri and A. sativum feed application during 21 days and infected with A. hydrophila 0,1 mL IP), B (powder of P. niruri and A. sativum feed application during 14 days and injected IP with A. hydrophila 0,1 mL), C (powder of P. niruri and A. sativum feed application during seven days and injected IP with A. hydrophila 0,1 mL), and control, namely K- (without P. niruri and A. sativum feed application and injected IP with PBS 0,1 mL) and K+ (without P. niruri and A. sativum powder application and injected IP with A. hydrophila 0,1 mL). The treatments was given for 21 days before challenging test, at 22th day test in vivo carried out by injecting A. hydrophila (108 CFU/mL) into the fish by intramuscular and observed for 10 days. The highest value of survival rate that consist in treatment K- was 100±0.00%, treatment A was 93.3±11.55%, and treatment B was 73.33±30.55%. While treatment K+ and C have the same survival rate that is, 26.67±11.55%. The application P. niruri and A. sativum powder during 21 days was optimum for preventing MAS in catfish.Keywords: Phyllanthus niruri, Allium sativum, Aeromonas hydrophila, Clarias sp.

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Utilization of garlic and meniran flour by repelleting method in feed for preventive and curative efficacy of Aeromonas hydrophila in catfish Clarias sp.

Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia ◽

10.19027/jai.11.11-16 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 11

Author(s):

Dinamella Wahjuningrum ◽

Dadang Kurniawan ◽

Karno Setyotomo ◽

Mia Setiawati

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Wound Healing ◽

Survival Rate ◽

Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Preventive Treatment ◽

The Other ◽

Curative Treatment ◽

Feeding Response ◽

Better Than

This research was purposed to determine the effective dose of meniran and garlic flour in feed by repelleting method for preventive and curative efficacy to the infection of Aeromonas hydrophila in catfish. The treatment tested were eight different dosages of garlic and meniran meals (2:1). Those four dosage used to preventive treatment namely A (0.1%), B (1.1%), C (2.1%), and D (3.1%), the other four used to curative treatment namely E (0.2%), F (2.2%), G (4.2%), and H (6.2%). The preventive treatments were given for two weeks before challenging test. The curative treatment was performed on 2nd–8th day after challenging test. Challenging test was carried out by intramuscularly injecting of 0.1 mL A. hydrophila (108cfu/mL) into the fish. Parameters observed were feeding response, growth rate, survival rate, clinical symptoms, wound healing, and organs morphology. The result showed that the survival rate of preventive treatment was 40±40% for A and B, 60±20% for C, and 20±20% for D. The survival rate of curative treatment was 33.33±11.55% for E, 46.67±11.55% for F, 33.33±11.55% for G, and 26.67±11.55% for H. The results indicated that the preventive treatment was more effective than the curative treatment, presumably because the immunostimulatory activities on preventive was better than curative. Keywords: garlic, meniran, repelleting, Aeromonas hydrophila, catfish

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Effect of Allium sativum on the immunity and survival of Labeo rohita infected with Aeromonas hydrophila

Journal of Applied Ichthyology ◽

10.1111/j.1439-0426.2006.00785.x ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 80-86 ◽

Cited By ~ 122

Author(s):

S. Sahu ◽

B. K. Das ◽

B. K. Mishra ◽

J. Pradhan ◽

N. Sarangi

Keyword(s):

Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽

Allium Sativum ◽

Labeo Rohita

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Efikasi daun sembukan Paederia foetida untuk pencegahan infeksi bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila pada ikan nila

Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia ◽

10.19027/jai.15.108-119 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 108 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dinamella Wahjuningrum ◽

Mulyati Hasanah ◽

, Rahman

Keyword(s):

Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽

Oreochromis Niloticus ◽

Preventive Treatment ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Optimum Dosage ◽

Coating Method ◽

Control And Prevention ◽

Paederia Foetida

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum dosage of skunkvine leaves Paederia foetida to prevent infection caused by bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila in tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. This study consisted of five treatments. They were negative control, positive control, and prevention treatment with the dosages of 0.8%, 1% and that 1.2% that consisted that of three replications in each treatment. Addition of skunkvine leaves on feed performed by coating method. Feed was given at satiation with a frequency of three times a day. The results of this study showed that there were significant effect (P<0.05) between the positive control (37.03%) and preventive treatment dosages of 0.8% (88.89%), 1% (74.08%), and 1.2% (74.08%). The optimum dosage for prevention of A. hydrophila infection in tilapia was 0.8%. Keywords: Aeromonas hydrophila, Paederia foetida, tilapia ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan dosis daun sembukan Paederia foetida yang tepat dalam mencegah infeksi akibat Aeromonas hydrophila pada ikan nila Oreochromis niloticus. Penelitian ini terdiri dari lima perlakuan yaitu kontrol negatif, kontrol positif, perlakuan 0,8%, perlakuan 1%, dan perlakuan 1,2% dengan masing-masing perlakuan terdiri dari tiga ulangan. Metode penambahan sembukan pada pakan dilakukan dengan metode coating. Pakan diberikan secara at satiation dengan frekuensi pemberian sebanyak tiga kali sehari. Pemeliharaan ikan dilakukan selama 20 hari dan pada hari ke-11 dilakukan uji tantang dengan menggunakan bakteri A. hydrophila. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa tingkat kelangsungan hidup sebelum uji tantang tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05), sedangkan setelah uji tantang diperoleh hasil yang berbeda nyata (P<0,05) antara kontrol positif (37,03%) dengan perlakuan 0,8% (88,89%), perlakuan 1% (74,08%), dan perlakuan 1,2% (74,08%). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa pemberian daun sembukan melalui pakan efektif untuk pencegahan infeksi A. hydrophila pada ikan nila dengan dosis terbaik yaitu 0,8%. Kata kunci: Aeromonas hydrophila, Paederia foetida, ikan nila

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THE EFFECT OF GIVING ONION (Allium Sativum) EXTRACT TO TREAT THE SEED OF TILAPIA (Oreochromis Niloticus) BACTERIAL INFECTED Aeromonas hydrophila

Journal of Fish Health ◽

10.29303/jfh.v1i2.532 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 80-87

Author(s):

Ani Lestari ◽

Nurliah ◽

Baiq Hilda Astriana

Keyword(s):

Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽

Oreochromis Niloticus ◽

Aquatic Environment ◽

Allium Sativum ◽

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Garlic Extract ◽

Percent Survival ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Prevention And Treatment

MAS disease (Motile Aeromonas Septicemia) is a disease caused by A. hydrophila bacteria that attack tilapia and other freshwater fish species. The use of antibotics and chemicals in the continuous prevention and treatment of this disease can damage the aquatic environment and can cause bacterial resistance to antibotics, so antibotic use becomes ineffective. The study used a Complete RandomIzed Design (RAL) with an experimental method consisting of 5 treatments and 3 repeats. Treatment in this study is (P1) without soaking garlic extract and without infected bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila, (P2) without soaking garlic extract and infected bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila, (P3) soaking garlic extract with a concentration of 1% and disinfection of bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila, (P4) immersion of garlic extract with a concentration of 1.5% and infected bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila, (P5) soaked garlic extract with a concentration of 2% and infected with Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria. The results showed that the SR value of tilapia fish in each treatment had values ranging from 0.0% to 66.7%. Relative percent survival (RPS) tilapia seeds in each treatment have values ranging from 0.0% to 66.7%. The conclusion of this study is that giving garlic extract with different concentrations has a real different influence on survival rates and relative percent survival (RPS).

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Combination of garlic - shatterstone herb powder to control Streptococcus agalactiae infection in tilapia

Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia ◽

10.19027/jai.14.79-89 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 79

Author(s):

Ririn Nurul Fauziah ◽

Dinamella Wahjuningrum ◽

, Sukenda ◽

, Ranta

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽

Allium Sativum ◽

Positive Control ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Negative Control ◽

Fish Pathogen ◽

Phyllanthus Niruri

ABSTRACT This study was aimed at determining potential of combination powder of garlic Allium sativum-shatterstone herb Phyllanthus niruri supplemented in feed against S. agalactiae infection in tilapia. Four concentrations of combination powder of A. sativum-P. Niruri; 20+5, 20+10, 20+15 and 20+20 ppt respectively were investigated for their ability to inhibit bacterial fish pathogen. Combination dose of 20+15 ppt produced the highest inhibitory zones in in vitro test. In vivo test consisted of three treatments with three replications, namely positive control (K+), negative control (K-) and the treatment of A. sativum-P. niruri suplemented in feed (BM). The test perfomed on tilapia with weight of 10.33 ± 1.63 g and were reared at density of 10 ind/aquarium. The fish was fed for 14 days, then injected intraperitoneally with 0.1 mL S. agalactiae at concentration of 105 cfu/mL for positive control and BM groups. Survival, growth rate, feed response, hematological and water quality parameters were observed for 10 days. This study showed that the suplemented-feed-fish (BM) showed better growth rate, feed response, and survival (83.3%) than positive control (36.7%) at P<0.05. In addition, A. sativum-P. niruri suplemented in feed was also able to enhance the immune response by increasing phagocytic activity. Keywords: Streptococcus agalactiae, phytopharmacy, Allium sativum-Phyllanthus niruri, tilapia ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis potensi campuran tepung bawang putih Allium sativum-meniran Phyllanthus niruri dalam pakan terhadap pencegahan infeksi bakteri S. agalactiae pada ikan nila. Empat konsentrasi campuran tepung bawang putih-meniran yaitu 20+5 ppt, 20+10 ppt, 20+15 ppt dan 20+20 ppt masing-masing diuji kemampuannya dalam menghambat bakteri patogen pada ikan. Campuran dosis 20+15 ppt menghasilkan zona hambat terbaik dalam uji in vitro. Uji in vivo terdiri atas tiga perlakuan dengan tiga ulangan yaitu kontrol positif, kontrol negatif, dan perlakuan pakan yang mengandung bawang putih-meniran (BM). Uji ini dilakukan pada ikan nila berbobot 10,33±1,63 g yang dipelihara di akuarium dengan kepadatan 10 ekor/akuarium. Ikan diberi pakan perlakuan selama 14 hari kemudian diinjeksi secara intraperitoneal dengan bakteri S. agalactiae sebanyak 0,1 mL dengan kepadatan 105 cfu/mL pada perlakuan kontrol positif dan perlakuan BM. Parameter kelangsungan hidup, laju pertumbuhan, respons pakan, parameter hematologi, dan kualitas air diamati selama sepuluh hari. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian BM dalam pakan memberikan laju pertumbuhan, respons pakan, dan sintasan (83,3%) yang lebih baik daripada kontrol positif (36,7%) pada P<0,05. Pakan yang mengandung campuran bawang putih-meniran ini juga mampu meningkatkan respons imun dengan adanya peningkatan aktivitas fagositosis. Kata kunci: Streptococcus agalactiae, fitofarmaka, Allium sativum-Phyllanthus niruri, ikan nila

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Potential of Allicin, Ajoene and Quercetin Contained in Garlic (Allium sativum) as a Promising Anti-Malarial

Journal of Food and Health ◽

10.53966/jofh.v1i1.3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 16-21

Author(s):

Raynald Bagy ◽

Josef Sem Berth Tuda ◽

Dimas Prakoso ◽

Tristan Kantohe

Keyword(s):

Infectious Disease ◽

Drug Resistance ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Literature Review ◽

Allium Sativum ◽

Relevant Literature ◽

Anopheles Mosquito ◽

Morbidity And Mortality ◽

High Morbidity ◽

Active Substances

Malaria is an infectious disease with a high morbidity and mortality rate caused by Plasmodium and is transmitted through the Anopheles mosquito. Garlic (Allium sativum) has active substances that can be used as medicinal ingredients. Several active substances, namely allicin, ajoene, and quercetin contained in garlic have the potential to act as an effective and safe anti plasmodium for the host. This writing is a literature review using relevant literature. The results of the study concluded that the active ingredients in garlic have potential to be a new antimalarial agent, and it is hoped that it can be a cheaper and more effective malaria treatment so that drug resistance and morbidity and mortality from malaria can be reduced.

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Formulasi Emulgel Ekstrak Bawang Putih (Allium sativum L.)

Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis ◽

10.25077/jsfk.6.1.7-15.2019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 7

Author(s):

Widyasari Putranti ◽

Akmal Maulana ◽

Siti Fatmawati Fatimah

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Water Content ◽

Extraction Method ◽

Dosage Form ◽

Allium Sativum ◽

Temperature Stability ◽

Ash Content ◽

Garlic Extract ◽

Active Substances ◽

Light Brown Color

Garlic have an activity as antifungal. Garlic extract need to be non spesific standarized to get consistent quality. Emulgel have hydrophobic or hidrophilic active substances because emulgel is a combination of emulsion and gel. This study aims to obtain the garlic extract emulgel formula which has good quality and good physical properties.The garlic extraction method maceration method with ethanol 96% as a solvent (1:7.5). Non spesific parameter of extract standardization were powder lost on drying, water content, ash content, acid-insoluble ash content, mass of extract spesification. Extract were standardized and then formulated in emulgel dosage form with 25% concentration of extract, then emulgel evaluated for physical properties include organoleptic test, homogeneity, pH, temperature stability, spreadability, stickiness, type of emulsion, and viscosity. The results showed rendemen of extract (8.90 ± 0.12)%, lost on drying (6.85 ± 0.11)%, water content of extract (4.16 ± 1.4)%, ash content of powder (3.24 ± 0.02)% and extract (1.14 ± 0.03)%, acid-insoluble ash content powder (0.96 ± 0.02)% and extract (0.61 ± 0.07)%, the mass of extract spesification 1.028, and for the physical properties test of emulgel preparations obtained homogeneous emulgel, semisolid form, light brown color, smell of extract garlic, stable at 5ºC and 25ºC for 24 hours, pH 7, spreadability (2.49±0.12) g.cm.s-1, stickiness (61.99±5.81)seconds, type of emulsion o/w, viscosity(2.63±0.22) Pa.s. Based on the study was obtained garlic extract that fulfill the requirements of non spesific parameter standardization from Farmakope Herbal Indonesia and emulgel formulation of garlic extract has good physical properties.

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KEGUNAAN EKSTRAK DAUN MENIRAN (Phylanthus niruri) BAGI PENGENDALIAN PENYAKIT IKAN AKIBAT INFEKSI BAKTERI Aeromonas hydrophila

Media Akuakultur ◽

10.15578/ma.4.1.2009.54-58 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 54

Author(s):

Hambali Supriyadi ◽

Dein Iftitah

Keyword(s):

Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽

Phyllanthus Niruri

Penyakit ikan merupakan salah satu masalah serius yang selalu dihadapi oleh para pembudi daya ikan. Penyakit akibat infeksi bakteri terutama yang disebabkan oleh Aeromonas hydrophila telah menyebabkan kerugian yang tidak sedikit. Penanggulangan penyakit infeksi bakteri dengan menggunakan antibiotika telah banyak dilakukan. Namun cara seperti ini apabila dilakukan dengan tidak hati-hati akan menimbulkan banyak masalah, di antaranya adalah terbentuknya bakteri yang resisten dan residunya dalam daging ikan. Cara lain yang dipertimbangkan lebih aman adalah dengan cara pencegahan yaitu dengan penggunaan vaksin dan bahan lain yang dapat menimbulkan kekebalan tubuh. Tanaman meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.) telah banyak digunakan sebagai obat baik pada manusia maupun pada binatang ternak. Dalam tulisan ini akan dibahas tentang efektivitas ekstrak tanaman meniran terhadap bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila baik secara in-vitro maupun secara in-vivo yang diaplikasikan bagi pengobatan terhadap ikan yang terinfeksi bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila.

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Utilization Of Nano Ethanolic Extract Combination Chamber Bitter (Phyllanthus Niruri L.) And Garlic (Allium Sativum L.) As A Natural Immunomodulator In Nanoherbal Development, In Silico And In Vitro Study

JPSCR Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Clinical Research ◽

10.20961/jpscr.v2i02.14394 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (02) ◽

pp. 110

Author(s):

Kadek Hendra Darmawan

Keyword(s):

Molecular Docking ◽

In Silico ◽

Allium Sativum ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Phagocytic Index ◽

Phyllanthus Niruri ◽

The Right ◽

Phagocytosis Activity

The Filantin compounds in chamber bitter (Phyllanthus niruri L.) and lectin in garlic (Allium sativum L.) was proven as immunomudulatory agents through interaction with Toll-Like Reseptors (TLR) which have role in innate immune responds. Immunomodulators drug available on the market still have many shortcomings such as the low potential. Drug developing by nanotechnology is the right solution to increase the potential of the drug by increasing the absorption and minimize the dose. This research aimed to know the interaction of filantin and lectin with TLR2-TLR1 receptors through molecular docking and produce the nanoemulsion combination of chamber bitter and garlic ethanolic extracts that have phagocytosis activity. In silico assay through molecular docking showed that filantin has affinity for binding to TLR2-TLR1, docking score of lectin (-33,5389) was lower than the filantin (-31.5112). That means lectin has higher affinity for binding to TLR2-TLR1. Nanoemulsion was formulated by SNEDDS methods with composition of co-surfactant: surfactant: oil is 1: 5,25: 1. The nanoemulsion stable at 0,414% (w/v). In vitro assay of phagocytic index (5,03) and ratio (95%) showed that the formulation with nanoemulsion of the combination has higher phagocyte index and ratio than the formulation without nanoemulsion or even the positive controls.

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