scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF GIVING ONION (Allium Sativum) EXTRACT TO TREAT THE SEED OF TILAPIA (Oreochromis Niloticus) BACTERIAL INFECTED Aeromonas hydrophila

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
Ani Lestari ◽  
Nurliah ◽  
Baiq Hilda Astriana
Keyword(s):  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Garlic Extract ◽  
Percent Survival ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

MAS disease (Motile Aeromonas Septicemia) is a disease caused by A. hydrophila bacteria that attack tilapia and other freshwater fish species. The use of antibotics and chemicals in the continuous prevention and treatment of this disease can damage the aquatic environment and can cause bacterial resistance to antibotics, so antibotic use becomes ineffective. The study used a Complete RandomIzed Design (RAL) with an experimental method consisting of 5 treatments and 3 repeats. Treatment in this study is (P1) without soaking garlic extract and without infected bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila, (P2) without soaking garlic extract and infected bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila, (P3) soaking garlic extract with a concentration of 1% and disinfection of bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila, (P4) immersion of garlic extract with a concentration of 1.5% and infected bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila, (P5) soaked garlic extract with a concentration of 2% and infected with Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria. The results showed that the SR value of tilapia fish in each treatment had values ranging from 0.0% to 66.7%. Relative percent survival (RPS) tilapia seeds in each treatment have values ranging from 0.0% to 66.7%. The conclusion of this study is that giving garlic extract with different concentrations has a real different influence on survival rates and relative percent survival (RPS).

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF ONION (Allium sativum) EXTRACT TO TREAT TILAPIA FRY (Oreochromis niloticus) WITH BACTERIAL INFECTED Aeromonas hydrophila

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-39
Author(s):  
Ani Lestari ◽  
Nurliah ◽  
Baiq Hilda Astriana
Keyword(s):  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Garlic Extract ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Percent Survival ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Research on the effect of garlic extract (allium sativum) to treat tilapia (oreochromis niloticus) seeds which are infected with aeromonas hydrophila bacteria. This research was conducted for 14 days from 18 December to 31 December 2019 which took place at the Wet Laboratory of the Aquaculture Study Program, Mataram University, West Nusa Tenggara (NTB). This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with an experimental method consisting of 5 treatments and 3 replications. The container used in this study was a 15 liter jar with a volume of 10 liters. The containers used are 15 units, where in treatment one (P1) using without soaking garlic extract and without being infected with Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria, treatment two (P2) without soaking garlic extract and being infected with Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria, (P3) using soaking onion extract white with a concentration of 1% and infected with Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria, (P4) using garlic extract immersion with a concentration of 1.5% and infected with Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria, (P5) using garlic extract immersion with a concentration of 2% and infected with Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria. The parameters observed during the study included survival rate (SR), relative percent survival (RPS), observation of clinical symptoms, and water quality. The results showed that giving garlic extract with different concentrations had a significantly different effect on survival rates and relative percent survival (RPS).

scholarly journals Pengaruh Suplementasi Probiotik A3-51 terhadap Derajat Imunitas Oreochromis niloticus Didasarkan pada Angka Kuman pada Ginjal Setelah Uji Tantang dengan Aeromonas hydrophila dan Aeromonas salmonicida achromogenes

2006 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Agus Irianto ◽  
Hernayanti Hernayanti ◽  
Ning Iriyanti
Keyword(s):  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Aeromonas Salmonicida ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
System Response ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Immune System Response ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

Objectives of this research was to know the effect of probiotic A3-51 supplementation on food to the total number of bacteria in kidney and mortality of Oreochromis niloticus after challenge test with Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas salmonicida achromogenes. This research was consisted of two experiment, the first was to know the highest immunity level of fish based on the number of macrophage and its phagocytic activity. Meanwhile, the second was to know the immunity level of fish challenged with A. hydrophila and A. salmonicida achromogenes by intra-peritoneal injection. The experiment used Completely Randomized Design in triplicates. The result from the first experiment showed that the highest non spesific immune system response, by means number of macrophage, was found 21 days treatment. The second experiment showed that the highest total number of bacteria in kidney and mortality level were 20.23 x 108 cells/g and 46.67%, respectively, both was found in control fish injected intra-peritoneally with A. salmonicida achromogenes.

EFFECTIVITY OF GARLIC ( Allium sativum L ) EXTRACT ON BUTTERFLY-SHAPED DRY GREATER SCISSORTAIL ( Rasbora caudimaculata) QUALITY IMPROVEMENT

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Juhana Suhanda ◽  
Agustiana Agustiana
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Salt Solution ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Garlic Extract ◽  
Chemical Test ◽  
Organoleptic Test ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Processed Products

This study aims to know and determine the effectivity of optimum addition of garlic (Allium sativum L) on the dry butterfly-shaped greater scissortail fish (Rasbora caudimaculata) quality. The benefit of the study is an information source on the benefit of garlic on the dry scissortail product and as one of the diversification form of fisheries processed products. It was conducted in Fish Processing Laboratory of Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, UNLAM, Banjarbaru, and Basic Science Laboratory, UNLAM, Banjarbaru. The study was done for 3 months covering laboratory analysis, data analysis and reporting.It used a Complete Randomized Design with 4 treatments each of which with 3 replications. Treatment O was taken as control, 5% salt solution immersion, A: immersion in 5% salt solution added with 10% garlic extract, B: immersion in 5% salt solution added with 15% garlic extract, and C: immersion in 5% salt solution added with 20% garlic extract.  Data included chemical test, such as water content, fat, and protein, and organoleptic test, such as taste, aroma, color, and texture.Results showed that the lowest mean water content was found in treatment B, 16.65%, fat in treatment O, 12.5066%, and the highest protein content was recorded in treatment O, 50.81%. Immersion in the garlic extract solution did not give significantly different effect on water content, fat, and protein of the dry butterfly-shaped greater scissortail. The organoleptic test reflected that the panellists preferred the taste and aroma of the dry butterfly great scissortail at treatment C, treatment O for color, and treatment A for texture. As conclusion, treatment C gave the best quality of the dry butterfly-shaped great scissortail product.

EFIKASI RUTE VAKSIN Aeromonas hydrophila ASB-01 PADA IKAN GABUS (Ophiocephalus striatus)

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Olga Olga ◽  
Fatmawaty Fatmawaty
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Booster Vaccination ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Blood Draw ◽  
Percent Survival ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
And Control ◽  
Mean Time

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui rute pemberian vaksin A.hydrophila ASB-01 yang efektif untuk mengendalikan MAS pada ikan gabus.  Efektivitas rute vaksinasi dievaluasi melalui titer antibodi, sintasan, RPS (relative percent survival) dan RWK (Rerata waktu kematian).  Penelitian ini terdiri dari 5 perlakuan (vaksinasi secara rendaman (R), oral (O), injeksi intramuscular (IM), injeksi intraperitoneal (IP) dan Kontrol (PBS pH 7,0) dengan  3 ulangan. Dosis vaksinasi sebanyak 107 sel/ml. Vaksinasi booster dilakukan setelah 14 hari kemudian, dosisnya sama dengan vaksinasi awal.  Selanjutnya, 14 hari berikutnya ikan ditantang dengan A.hydrophila ASB-01. Untuk memperoleh data titer antibodi dilakukan pengambilan darah pada saat sebelum divaksinasi, sesaat sebelum vaksinasi booster dan 14 hari setelah vaksinasi booster. Ikan tantang diamati selama 14 hari untuk memperoleh data sintasan, RPS dan RWK. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa semua rute pemberian vaksin dapat meningkatkan titer antibodi, akan tetapi titer antibodi tertinggi diperoleh dari ikan yang divaksinasi secara injeksi.  Sintasan gabus yang divaksinasi secara IM (84,47%), IP (82,20%), R (42,27%), O (42,20%) dan kontrol (13,13 %). RPS gabus yang divaksinasi melalui rute IM (82,08%), IP (79,46%), R (33,38%), O (33,31%), sedangkan RWK gabus melalui rute IP (3,63 hari), IM (79,46 3,57 hari), R (2,46 hari), O (1,85 hari) dan kontrol (1,03 hari). Rute vaksinasi yang efektif adalah melalui injeksi.This study aims to determine the vaccine A.hydrophila ASB-01 is effective for the control of MAS on snakehead fish. Effectiveness of vaccination was evaluated through the antibody titer, survival, RPS (relative percent survival) and RWK (mean time of death). The study consisted of 5 treatments (immersion vaccination (R), oral (O), intramuscular injection (IM), intraperitoneal injection (IP) and control (PBS pH 7.0) with 3 replications. Vaccination doses were 107 cells / ml. Booster vaccination after 14 days later. Dose is equal to the initial vaccination. Furthermore, the next day 14 fish were challenged with A.hydrophila ASB-01. To obtain data on antibody titer blood draw done at the time before being vaccinated, shortly before the booster vaccination and 14 days after the booster vaccination. Challenged fish were observed for 14 days to obtain data on survival, RPS and RWK.  The result showed that all these vaccines may increase the antibody titer, but the highest antibody titers obtained from fish vaccinated injection. Survival rates were vaccinated IM (84.47%), IP (82.20%), R (42.27%), O (42.20%) and controls (13.13%). RPS to IM (82.08%), IP (79.46%), R (33.38%), O (33.31%), while RWK through the IP (3.63 days), IM (79.46 3.57 days), R (2.46 days), O (1.85 days) and controls (1.03 days). Effective vaccination route is through injection.

Use of Dissolved Glucose on Cultured Media on the Survival Rate, Growth Rate and Stress Resistance of Saline Tilapia Larvae (Oreochromis niloticus)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muh. Ali Imran ◽  
Yuni Maharani ◽  
Hardiati Marding ◽  
Andi Dahlia ◽  
Muh. Yusri Karim
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Engineering Technique ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Brackish Water Aquaculture

Saline tilapia fish is a result of technology engineering technique that is tolerant with brackish waters and sea with salinity ≥ 20 ppt. The main problem in the development of saline tilapia is the availability of seeds because the resulting synthesis is still low. One effort to overcome the problem of low tilapia salinity this is by providing dissolved organic material such as glucose. Glucose plays an important role as a source of energy for animals including tilapia. The aim of this research is to determine the optimum dose of dissolved glucose to the survival and growth of salt tilapia larvae (Oreochromis niloticus). The research was conducted from March to May 2017 at Brackish Water Aquaculture (BPBAP) Takalar, South Sulawesi. The research container using 25 L plastic volume basin amounted to 15 pieces. The test animals used were 7-day saline tilapia larvae of 0.03 gram sized for 20 days. The glucose used is pure glucose in powder form. The study was designed using a complete randomized design consisting of 5 treatments and each having 3 replications. The five treatments are 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 ppm per day added to the once-daily research container that is the morning. The result of variance analysis showed that soluble glucose administration had significant effect (p <0.01) on the synthesis and growth rate of saline tilapia fish. The highest survival rates and growth rates were achieved at 100 ppm doses of 94.44% and 14.93% / day respectively, while the lowest at doses of 0 ppm were 74.81% and 11.85% / day respectively.Keywords: glucose, salin tilapia, survival, growth rate 

scholarly journals VAKSINASI IKAN TILAPIA (Oreochromis niloticus) MENGGUNAKAN VAKSIN MONOVALEN DAN BIVALEN UNTUK PENCEGAHAN PENYAKIT MOTILE AEROMONAS SEPTICEMIA DAN STREPTOCOCCOSIS

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desy Sugiani ◽  
Sukenda Sukenda ◽  
Enang Harris ◽  
Angela Mariana Lusiastuti
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Percent Survival ◽  
Neutral Buffer Formalin

Peningkatan respon antibodi pascavaksinasi dengan antigen tunggal dan campuran dari bakterin Aeromonas hydrophila and Streptococcus agalactiae diharapkan dapat meningkatkan daya tahan ikan tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) terhadap penyakit Motile Aeromonas Septicemia/MAS dan Streptococcosis. Sediaan vaksin disiapkan dengan metode pembuatan dan formula yang berbeda, proses inaktifasi dilakukan dengan menambahkan 3% Neutral Buffer Formalin (NBF 10%) pada biakan bakteri dalam media tumbuh BHI dan TSB. Vaksinasi diberikan melalui injeksi intraperitoneal dengan sediaan vaksin monovalen A. hydrophila, monovalen S. agalactiae, dan bivalen A. hydrophila + S. agalactiae (Sel utuh, produk ektraselular/ECP, crude supernatan, campuran sel utuh + ECP, dan broth). Uji tantang dilakukan menggunakan dosis LD50 infeksi tunggal maupun ko-infeksi dari bakteri A. hydrophila dan S. agalactiae. Efektivitas dan keampuhan vaksin tersebut dihitung berdasarkan nilai RPS (Relative Percent Survival) dan hasil respon hematologi. Titer antibodi dapat terdeteksi setelah satu minggu pemeliharaan pasca vaksinasi. Nilai titer antar perlakuan vaksin bivalen berbeda nyata (P<0.05) dengan vaksin monovalen dan kontrol. Nilai RPS vaksin bivalen (campuran sel utuh + ECP) mencapai 100 untuk uji tantang dengan A. hydrophila dan 56,7 pada uji tantang ko-infeksi. Vaksin monovalen A. hydrophila maupun S. agalactiae hanya mampu memproteksi terhadap bakteri homolog, tidak terjadi proteksi silang di antara keduanya.

scholarly journals Uji Banding Ekstrak Bawang Hitam dan Ekstrak Bawang Putih (Allium sativum) Sebagai Antifungi Terhadap Pertumbuhan Candida albicans

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-104
Author(s):  
Purity Sabila A ◽  
Ngadiani . ◽  
Fradina Fitri Budiarti
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Garlic Extract ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRAKPenyakit infeksi telah menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan terbesar. Pemberian antibiotik dalam jangka waktu yang lama dan dilakukan secara tidak rasional dapat menimbulkan masalah baru, yaitu munculnya patogen yang bersifat resisten. Oleh karena itu, pengobatan alternatif dengan menggunakan bahan dan tanaman herbal saat ini banyak digunakan. Bawang putih termasuk dalam familia Liliaceae merupakan tanaman herba parenial yang membentuk umbi lapis. Bawang putih sudah dikenal memiliki potensi medis dan dipercaya dapat berperan sebagai antifungi karena mengandung allicin didalamnya. Sedangkan bawang hitam merupakan bawang putih yang telah dipanaskan pada suhu 65-80ºC dengan kelembaban relatif 70-80% selama 30-40 hari tanpa perlakuan tambahan apapun. Bawang hitam memiliki sifat antibakteri lebih kuat, serta antioksidan dua kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan bawang putih biasa karena mengandung S-allycysteine. Peneliti tertarik mengangkat judul penelitian ini dengan tujuan untuk menguji kemampuan ekstrak bawang putih dan bawang hitam pada konsentrasi 25%, 50%, 75%, dan 100% terhadap pertumbuhan Candida albicans. Penelitian ini mengunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dan menggunakan uji lanjut BNT dan didapatkan hasil bahwa bawang hitam terbukti lebih baik menghambat pertumbuhan Candida albicans.Kata kunci : antifungi, ekstrak bawang hitam, ekstrak bawang putih, Candida albicansABSTRACTInfectious diseases have become one of the biggest health problems. Giving antibiotics in the long term and done irrationally can cause new problems, namely the emergence of resistant pathogens. Therefore, alternative treatments using herbal materials and plants are now widely used. Garlic included in the familia Liliaceae is a parenial herbaceous plant that forms tuber bulbs. Garlic is already known to have medical potential and is believed to act as antifungal due to its allicin content. While the black onion is garlic that has been heated at a temperature of 65-80 º C with a relative humidity of 70-80% for 30-40 days without any additional treatment. Black onions have stronger antibacterial properties, as well as antioxidants two times higher than regular garlic as they contain S-allycysteine. Researchers are interested in raising the title of this study with the aim to test the ability of both extracts at concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% on the growth of Candida albicans. This study used Completely Randomized Design and using BNT advanced test showed that black onions proved to be better inhibiting the growth of Candida albicans.Key words ; antifungi, black garlic extract, garlic extract, Candida albicans

scholarly journals KOSENTRASI LIMBAH PERTANIAN SEBAGAI PAKAN ALTERNATIF TERHADAP MORTALITAS DAN PERTUMBUHAN IKAN NILA (Oreochromis niloticus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-66
Author(s):  
Ismail Failu ◽  
Safrin Edy
Keyword(s):  
Rice Bran ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Water Spinach ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Absolute Growth ◽  
C 50

The research aims (1). Knowing changes concentration in agricultural waste, especially water spinach kale and spinach as a source of food for growth and survival of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). (2). Knowing at what concentration of agricultural waste, especially bran kale and spinach as a source of food for growth and survival of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The study was conducted in March to May 2020 in the Village of Liabuku, Bungi sub-district, Baubau town. The experimental design used in this study was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 levels of treatment and 3 replications, thus there were 12 experimental units (Gasperstz, 1991), namely: (1) Pellet Feed (Mill) / Control (2) Treatment A (70 kale waste + 20% snail flour + 10 rice bran), (3) Treatment B (60 Kale waste + 30% snail flour + 10 rice bran) ), (4) Treatment C (50% kale waste + 40% snail flour + 10 rice bran). The provision of concentrations in the form of agricultural waste, especially kale, snail flour, and bran as a source of food does not have a significant effect on absolute growth, survival rates, and feed conversion to tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) that are kept in ponds using nets. Absolute growth, survival rates, and the best feed conversion at treatment C (50% Kale Waste + 40% snail flour + rice bran 10) which are maintained in a pond using a net. Keywords: Concentration of Agricultural Waste, Mortality and Growth

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK EDIBLE FILM KARAGENAN DENGAN PENAMBAHAN EKSTRAK BAWANG PUTIH (Allium sativum) SEBAGAI ANTIBAKTERI (The Characteristic of Carrageenan Edible Film with the Addition of Garlic (Allium sativum) as Antibacterial)

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Tika Novia Anggraini ◽  
Tri Winarni Agustini ◽  
Laras Rianingsih
Keyword(s):  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Garlic Extract ◽  
Edible Film ◽  
Percent Elongation ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference

Edible film merupakan suatu lapisan tipis yang dapat melindungi bahan pangan untuk menjaga kualitas produk. Bawang putih mengandung senyawa allin yang merupakan senyawa antibakteri jika ditambahkan pada edible film karagenan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan ekstrak bawang putih sebagai antibakteri dan karakteristik edible film karagenan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan bersifat eksperimental laboratories dengan rancangan percobaan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan parameter uji konsentrasi ekstrak bawang putih yang berbeda. Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dan dilakukan uji lanjut Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ekstrak bawang putih berpengaruh terhadap aktivitas antibakteri dan karakteristik edible film karagenan. Hasil yang diperoleh dari perlakuan penambahan 7,5% ekstrak bawang putih sebagai antibakteri dapat dilihat zona hambatnya terhadap bakteri S. aureus sebesar: 3,00±0,100  mm dan bakteri E. coli: 2,18±0,07 mm sedangkan nilai karakteristik ketebalan: 0,17±0,003 mm, laju transmisi uap air: 6,49±0,42 g/m2/jam, kuat tarik: 13,88±0,29 MPa, persen pemanjangan: 14,75±0,09%. Kesimpulan menunjukkan bahwa penambahan ekstrak bawang putih pada edible film karagenan memberikan pengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap aktivitas antibakteri dan karakteristik edible film karagenan. Edible film is a thin layer which able to protect the food and keep its quality.Garlic contains Allin compound which worked as antibacterial if added into carrageenan edible film. This study aimed to determine the effect of garlic extract addition as antibacterial and the characteristic of carrageenan edible film. The method was experimental laboratories with Completely Randomized Design with different concentration of garlic extract as the testing parameters. Data were analyzed using ANOVA then tested using Honestly Significance Difference (HSD) to determine the significance value of the sample. The result showed that the garlic extract was significant difference toward the antibacterial activities and the characteristic of carrageenan edible film. The result obtained from 7.5% garlic extract addition as antibacterial was the inhibition zone against S. aureus and E. coli of 3.00±0.100 mm and 2.18±0.07 mm; respectively. The other parameters such as thickness 0.17±0.003 mm, the water vapor transmission rate 6.49±0.42 g/m2/hour, the tensile strength 13.88±0.29 MPa, and the percent elongation 14.75±0.09%. The result indicated that the addition of garlic extract was significant difference (P<0,05) toward the antibacterial activities and characteristic of carrageenan edible film.

scholarly journals Toxicity of mercury (Hg) on survival and growth rate, hemato- and histopathological parameters ofOreochromis niloticus

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kukuh Nirmala ◽  
Yuni Puji Hastuti ◽  
Vika Yuniar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Test Fish ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Haemoglobin Content

<p>Heavy metals are serious pollutants of the aquatic environment because of their environmental persistence and ability to be accumulated by aquatic organisms. <em>Oreochromis niloticus </em>exposed to 0, 0.16, 0.5, and 1.0 ppm Hg for 30 days. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of mercury in water on survival rate, growth rates, hematological, and histological parameters of <em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>. This study was conducted from Mei to June 2009. The experimental design was arranged in completely randomized design with four treatments and three replications. Stock density was 8 fish/aquarium with mean initial body weight was 15.70±1.13 g. Growth and survival rates of test fish were decreased with increasing the Hg concentration. Red blood cell (RBC) count, haematocrit content, and haemoglobin content decreased when compared to the control. The number of white blood cells (WBC) increased in mercuric treated fish. The results are statistically significant at p&lt;0.05 level.</p> <p>Keywords:mercury, survival and growth rate, hematology, histopathology, <em>Oreochromis niloticus</em></p>

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