scholarly journals Saldo Comercial De Productos Por Habitante De México, 2001-2014. Un Comparativo Con La Región APEC

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Antonio Favila Tello ◽  
América Ivonne Zamora Torres
Keyword(s):  
International Business ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Trade Deficit ◽  
The Other ◽  
Us Economy ◽  
The Us ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Extractive Economies ◽  
Constant Prices

Trade balance per capita is one of the international trade indicators that experts frequently use to evaluate a country’s performance in trade and evaluate its commercial policies. Exports, imports and the trade balance per capita of the 21 APEC countries were calculated for the 2001-2014 period in order to observe and evaluate its recent evolution, especially for the Mexican case. The data used only covered merchandises according to their value in US dollars at constant prices of 2014. Results suggest the existence of trade surpluses in extractive economies such as Brunei, Papua New Guinea and Russia. The exponential growth of exports from Vietnam and China is also demonstrated as well as the outstanding international business activity in Singapore and Hong Kong (which in per capita indicators outweighed all of the other members of APEC). Conditions of trade deficit are detected for powerful economies such as United States and Japan. On the other hand, Mexico shows a balanced condition in this indicator, an important and growing automotive industry and a noteworthy dependence on the US economy.

US protectionism would raise trade costs worldwide

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Trade Deficit ◽  
The United States ◽  
Final Demand ◽  
Services Trade ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Us Economy ◽  
The Us ◽  
Commerce Department ◽  
Firing Line

Subject Exposure to US final demand. Significance The Commerce Department reported on March 7 that the US goods trade deficit widened to 69.7 billion dollars in January after a five-year high of 4% of GDP last year. The new administration has threatened to build a wall along the Mexican border, impose punitive tariffs on countries it runs a goods deficit with and label China a currency manipulator. Other countries also rely on US demand -- through goods and services trade, investment and remittances. Impacts In the unlikely event that Trump follows through on all his most extreme trade threats, the world could plunge into recession. Evidence does not support the new administration's view that free trade has damaged the US economy and the fortunes of its workforce. The WTO is reviewing several cases the previous US administration began against China -- extreme escalation could trigger US WTO withdrawal. Germany is the only G7 country that the United States runs both a goods and services trade deficit with, placing it in the firing line.

US consumption may start to pick up

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Trade Balance ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Trust Fund ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Consumption Expenditures ◽  
Us Economy ◽  
West Texas ◽  
Personal Consumption ◽  
The Us

Significance One of the conundrums of the US economy that will influence the Federal Reserve's timing of an interest rate rise (currently projected for September) is where the savings from low energy prices have gone. Oil prices have dropped sharply since September 2014, from 97 dollars per barrel for West Texas Intermediate in June 2014 to 60 dollars per barrel today. Yet US personal consumption expenditures (PCE) only grew by 2.7%, well below the rate of growth of personal income, 4.1%. Impacts Greater spending on petrol will help the Highway Trust Fund slightly, but not before a new funding package is due by July 31. Low oil prices will outweigh consumer savings in such producing states as Texas and North Dakota. Greater consumer spending will adversely affect the US trade balance, as imports will rise due to the strong dollar.

scholarly journals Trends Of Changes In The Polish Industry Innovativeness (Against The Background Of Leading World Economies)

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Mazurkiewicz ◽  
Rozalia Sitkowska
Keyword(s):  
Venture Capital ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Us Economy ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Polish Economy ◽  
Business Financing ◽  
Investment Goods ◽  
The Eu

Tendencies concerning innovativeness changes in selected sectors of the Polish economy were identified in the paper. The trends were depicted against the background of the USA, Japan and the EU-15 and they comprised: public and business financing of the R&D area with reference to GDP, R&D expenditure per capita, and venture capital funds supporting innovations commercialization. The observed correlation between the financing level of the R&D area and the innovativeness level of the US economy made the basis for the analysis conducted. The analysis concentrated on trends occurring in the Polish economy in the context of industry innovativeness, in particular processing industry, including the sector of investment goods. Conclusions resulting from the analysis of innovation commercialization processes with venture capital funds were presented. Countermeasures which were taken in Poland to prevent the marginalization of financing the R&D area were demonstrated as well.

scholarly journals Growing U.S. Trade Deficit in Consumer-Oriented Agricultural Products

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 953-965
Author(s):  
Renan Zhuang ◽  
Won W. Koo ◽  
Jeremy Mattson
Keyword(s):  
Capita Income ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Trade Deficit ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Trade Theory ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The U.S

We investigate the factors behind the growing U.S. trade deficit in consumer-oriented agricultural products by using reliable panel data and an empirical trade model derived from international trade theory. The results indicate that per capita income in the United States appears to be the most important determinant for the growing U.S. trade deficit of consumer-oriented agricultural products. An increase in per capita income and trade liberalization in foreign countries would improve the U.S. trade balance. U.S. foreign direct investment abroad in food manufactures and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) are found to have negative effects on the U.S. trade balance.

scholarly journals Efficiency and equity – The Swedish economy in comparison to other countries at the beginning of the 21st century

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-267
Author(s):  
Bogusław Czarny ◽  
Elżbieta Czarny
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
The Us ◽  
Per Capita

Abstract Referring to economic ideals of efficiency and equity, we are comparing the state of the Swedish economy in the early 21st century to the situation in other countries, especially the other Nordic countries, the United States (US), and Poland. After presenting the basic facts about Nordic countries we examine the issue of economic efficiency. In addition to gross domestic product (GDP) we use the Human Development Index (HDI), the findings of the economics of happiness, and the number of registered triadic patent families as measures of efficiency. Then we analyze the issue of equity. We use the Gini coefficient, the extent of poverty, the level of unemployment, and the level of intergenerational mobility of earnings as measures of equity. The analysis reveals that inhabitants of Sweden and the other Nordic countries have been achieving some of the best economic results in the world. This applies to the level of GDP per capita in these countries, to the capability of inhabitants to utilize their full potential, and to their life satisfaction. These countries’ ability to create innovation is impressive. At the same time, Nordics have successfully reduced the scale of social inequalities and ensured relatively equal opportunities for all citizens. This is evidenced by low income inequality, low unemployment, and low poverty rate in these countries. Sweden and the other Nordic countries are superior to the US both in terms of efficiency and equity. Poland, on the other hand, lags far behind Nordics, as well as the US, in terms of efficiency, as exemplified by the relatively low GDP per capita and very low innovation in Poland. In terms of equity, however, Poland loses to Nordics but seems to win to the US.

US financial flows are as important to growth as trade

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Current Account ◽  
Trade Deficit ◽  
The United States ◽  
Foreign Economic Policy ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Us Economy ◽  
The Us ◽  
International Transactions

Subject Exploring the US current account beyond goods trade. Significance The US administration is focusing on the goods trade deficit to measure how well the country is doing in international transactions and to determine foreign economic policy. However, this ignores the many other transactions that cross the nation’s borders. For example, the United States is the world’s largest exporter of services. Moreover, trade is just one part of the current account, which also includes investment income and labour compensation. Financial flows are also important, dominating advanced countries international transactions since the 1980s and driving US exchange rates, trade balances and national savings. Impacts A permanently higher dollar due to the desire of investors to buy US assets will keep the US goods balance in deficit despite trade policy. The US economy is services-driven -- trade in services will grow as a share of US international transactions. An undue focus on manufacturing and goods trade places the US economy at risk of higher costs and slower productivity gains and GDP growth. To meet and diversify demand to invest in the United States, new safe assets including infrastructure bonds may emerge to fund projects.

scholarly journals US Real GDP Growth and Impact of Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. p20
Author(s):  
Dhameeth, G.S. ◽  
Diasz, L.
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Work Hours ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Us Economy ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The Us ◽  
Real Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita

The global pandemic, COVID-19, has exacerbated the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth of the global economy since its outbreak in December 2019. One of the most affected economies, due to the global pandemic, is the US economy, currently crippled by an increased number of COVID-19 related deaths, layoffs, reduced work hours, and other related natural disasters, such as winter storms. Hence, it is imperative that the damage done to the GDP growth is evaluated meticulously to craft favorable monetary and fiscal policies to uplift economic performance. One of the key yet debated methods used by many economists is utilizing real GDP per capita as an economic performance measurement tool. Using two economic datasets and a multiple regression model, we compared real GDP per capita performance in the US economy between the second and third quarters of 2020. The study finds that the impact seems detrimental due to restrictions imposed on economic activities, such as business closures, disturbances in the supply chain, employee layoffs and reduced work hours. However, in the third quarter of 2020 COVID-19 after some of the COVID-19 imposed restrictions were lifted, the real GDP per capita significantly increased.

Kondratiev Waves in the US Economy

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 28-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Басовский ◽  
Leonid Basovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Sixth Order ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Half Century ◽  
Us Economy ◽  
The Us ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Post Industrial

The aim of the article was to determine the time of occurrence of Kondratiev waves in the US economy and the assessment of their power from the moment of emergence to up to now. Because of the spectral analysis of deviations from the trend of a number of real per capita GDP for the 1790-2010 years in the economic dynamics of the US identified Kondratiev waves. The obtained results show that the US economy were formed in the second half of the XIX century. In the second half of the XX century, during the formation of post-industrial economy the power of Kondratiev waves began to decline. The existence of Kondratiev waves. during the last half century enables identification of the US economy at least three technological structures, including the fourth, fifth and sixth order.

scholarly journals US Manufacturing: Understanding Its Past and Its Potential Future

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Neil Baily ◽  
Barry P. Bosworth
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Trade Deficit ◽  
The United States ◽  
Absolute Level ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
Future Evolution ◽  
Us Economy ◽  
The Us

The development of the US manufacturing sector over the last half-century displays two striking and somewhat contradictory features: 1) the growth of real output in the US manufacturing sector, measured by real value added, has equaled or exceeded that of total GDP, keeping the manufacturing share of the economy constant in price-adjusted terms; and 2) there is a long-standing decline in the share of total employment attributable to manufacturing. The persistence of these trends seems inconsistent with stories of a recent or sudden crisis in the US manufacturing sector. After all, as recently as 2010, the United States had the world's largest manufacturing sector measured by its valued-added, and while it has now been surpassed by China, the United States remains a very large manufacturer. On the other hand, there are some potential causes for concern. First, though manufacturing's output share of GDP has remained stable over 50 years, and manufacturing retains a reputation as a sector of rapid productivity improvements, this is largely due to the spectacular performance of one subsector of manufacturing: computers and electronics. Second, recently there has been a large drop in the absolute level of manufacturing employment that many find alarming. Third, the US manufacturing sector runs an enormous trade deficit, equaling $460 billion in 2012, which is also very concentrated in trade with Asia. Finally, we consider the future evolution of the manufacturing sector and its importance for the US economy. Many of the largest US corporations continue to shift their production facilities overseas. It is important to understand why the United States is not perceived to be an attractive base for their production.

Searching for new Sources of growth. Are the Developing Countries Catching up with the Developed ones?

2015 ◽  
pp. 30-53
Author(s):  
V. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
The West ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Economic Divergence ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Relative Standing

This paper examines the trajectory of growth in the Global South. Before the 1500s all countries were roughly at the same level of development, but from the 1500s Western countries started to grow faster than the rest of the world and PPP GDP per capita by 1950 in the US, the richest Western nation, was nearly 5 times higher than the world average and 2 times higher than in Western Europe. Since 1950 this ratio stabilized - not only Western Europe and Japan improved their relative standing in per capita income versus the US, but also East Asia, South Asia and some developing countries in other regions started to bridge the gap with the West. After nearly half of the millennium of growing economic divergence, the world seems to have entered the era of convergence. The factors behind these trends are analyzed; implications for the future and possible scenarios are considered.

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