scholarly journals Heavy Metals Assessment In Water, Sediments And Selected Aquatic Organisms In Lake Asejire, Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenyo-Oni A. ◽  
Oladele A. H.
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Nickel Chromium ◽  
Cobalt Nickel ◽  
Metal Poisoning

Rapid urbanization and industrialization in developing countries have been associated with production and deposition of hazardous wastes in aquatic environments. Heavy metals are major components of these wastes which have been implicated in several metal-related diseases and food poisoning in man. This study evaluated iron, lead, cobalt, nickel, chromium and cadmium concentrations in water, sediment, Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and African river prawn (Macrobrachium vollenhovenii) samples of Lake Asejire, Oyo State, Nigeria. The concentration of these metals was determined spectrophotometrically in three locations along the course of the lake. Results revealed that only iron and lead were detected in water samples. However, all the metals were found in sediments, Nile Tilapia and African river prawn. Iron had the highest mean concentrations (mg kg-1) of 2.392±0.015, 7.4314±1.184, and 1.6100±0.099 in sediments, fish and prawn respectively. Significant differences was found across each sample type for the metals determined. The detection of these metals in Lake Asejire call for close environmental monitoring and adequate public awareness. This is necessary to discourage further pollution which could lead to high metal concentration and metal poisoning.

scholarly journals Occurrence and Impact of Heavy Metals on Some Water, Land, Flora and Fauna Resources across Southwestern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olufemi Akinnifesi ◽  
Femi Adesina ◽  
Germaine Ogunwole ◽  
Sylvanus Abiya
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Aquatic Systems ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Environmental Matrices ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Low Concentrations

Rapid urbanization and industrialization in communities of Nigeria contribute significantly to environmental pollution. Amongst the diversity of these environmental contaminants are heavy metals, a rarely biodegradable and toxic class of metals. Heavy metals are known to be harmful to plants, aquatic species, and subsequently endanger human health through bioaccumulation or biomagnification. Even at low concentrations, heavy metals may affect key soil microbial processes; inhibit plant metabolism and growth. Toxic metals in groundwater affect water quality and potability, and their presence in aquatic systems also facilitate the production of reactive oxygen species that can damage physiological processes in fishes and other aquatic organisms. This chapter highlights the occurrence and impact of heavy metals in different environmental matrices and organisms sampled across some Southwestern states in Nigeria. Various studies including those of the authors found varying levels of heavy metals, especially in concentrations that can imperil ecosystem functions. While results of studies included in this chapter may suggest heavy metal introduction through anthropogenic-urbanization means, the lack of proper implementation of environmental monitoring laws in Nigeria also clearly exist. As such, the mitigation of heavy metals amongst other pollutants demands better home-grown decentralized technologies.

scholarly journals Concentration of Heavy Metals in Soil around Dumpsites in Jimeta and Ngurore, Adamawa State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
G Chessed ◽  
D C Sakiyo ◽  
A B Yako
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentration ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Exchangeable Cation ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Abundant Element ◽  
Mean Concentration

Rapid urbanization and industrialization in developing countries have been associated with production and deposition of hazardous wastes in the soil environments. Heavy metals are major components of these wastes and have been implicated in several metal-related diseases and food poisoning in man. This study examined the concentration of Iron (Fe), Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu), Chromium (Cr), and Cadmium (Cd) heavy metals in soil near dumpsites of Jimeta and Ngurore, Yola North Local Government Areas (LGAs), Adamawa State. Soil samples from 0-20cm layer depth were collected in triplicates and analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Results reveal that Fe, Pb, Cu and Chromium were detected, while Cadmium was found to be below the limit of detection. The mean concentration of the exchangeable cation in mg/kg in soil at Jimeta sites were: Fe (31.4 mg/kg) >Pb (0.92 mg/kg) > Cu (0.34 mg/kg) > Cr (0.11 mg/kg) >Cd (below limit of detection), while the mean concentration of the heavy metals in soil at Ngurore sites were: Fe (32 mg/kg) >Pb (0.83 mg/kg) > Cu (0.28 mg/kg) > Cr (0.07 mg/kg) >Cd (below limit of detection), respectively. Iron (Fe) was the most abundant element in both sites, followed by Pb. Heavy metal concentrations in soil followed the order of Fe>Pb>Cu>Cr>Cd, respectively. The paired T-test analyses for concentration of Cr, Fe, and Pb in soil nearthe two dumpsites show that there were statistically significant differences in the concentration levels of Cr, Fe, and Pb, while Cu showed no statistically significant difference between the two dumpsites. However, all the metals detected were below the permissible limit of WHO international standard with the exception of Pb whose concentration was above maximum permissible concentration (MPC). Persistent heavy metals accumulation in soils near these dumpsites may lead to increase uptake by vegetables grown near the dumpsites and this may pose a threat to its quality and safety and ultimately human health. The need to replace open dumpsites with well-designed landfills is advised.

MULTIMET (N-155)

Alloy Digest ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Age Hardening ◽  
Nickel Chromium ◽  
Cobalt Nickel ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
High Oxidation ◽  
Scaling Resistance ◽  
Made In

Abstract MULTIMET alloy is cobalt-nickel-chromium-iron austenitic alloy having high oxidation and scaling resistance along with good high-temperature properties. It tends to work harden but does not respond significantly to age-hardening. It is made in a wrought grade (0.08-0.16% carbon) and a casting grade (0.20% max. carbon). This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as creep and fatigue. It also includes information on high temperature performance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-28. Producer or source: Haynes Stellite Company. Originally published May 1955, revised December 1961.

Methodology of Research in Micropollutants – Heavy Metals

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 107-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Wollast
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Suspended Matter ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Particulate Phase ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

A comparison of the concentration of dissolved and of particulate heavy metals in the aquatic system indicates that these elements are strongly enriched in the suspended matter. The transfer between the aqueous phase and the solid phase may be due to dissolution-precipitation reactions, adsorption-desorption processes or biological processes. When these processes are identified, it is further possible to develop mathematical models which describe the behaviour of these elements. The enrichment of heavy metals in the particulate phase suspended or deposited and in aquatic organisms constitutes a powerful tool in order to evaluate sources of pollution.

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND SOME HEAVY METALS CONCENTRATION ANALYSES ON THREE COMMON SPECIES OF FISH IN TUNGAN KAWO RESERVOIR KONTAGORA, NIGER STATE, NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-232
Author(s):  
Mohammed Jr. Kinta ◽  
A. V. Ayanwale ◽  
U. N. Keke ◽  
Y. I. Auta ◽  
B. S. Adama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Fish Samples

Developing countries like Nigeria are faced with increased in generation of domestic, industrial and agricultural wastes, with a large percentage moving. This study evaluates the physico-chemical and some heavy metals concentration in three common species of fish from Tungan Kawo reservoir Kontagora, Nigeria; using standard methods between (July 2018 – February 2019); at four different sampling stations of human activities on the water. Five heavy metals were evaluated (Lead, Copper, Manganese, Iron and Chromium) in the fish samples. Phosphate (0.4 – 2.5) mg/L, Nitrate (3.2 – 7.5) mg/L, Temperature (27 – 32.4) 0C, Dissolved Oxygen (2.4 – 5.2 mg/L), Conductivity (81 – 125 µS/cm), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (1.9 – 4.4 mg/L), Alkalinity (mg/L) and Total Dissolved Solids (117 – 198) ppm were within the standard for drinking water and survival of fish.  However, the pH (6.3 – 9.8) was above the standard for NIS and WHO drinking water but can support aquatic life. Iron (0.64 ± 0.072 mg/kg) was the most highly concentrated in Synodontis clarias while lead (0.01 ± 0.013 mg/kg) was the lowest in Oreochromis niloticus and Coptidon zillii (formerly Tilapia zillii. This current finding indicates that the water is safe for both aquatic life and domestic purpose but not suitable for direct human consumption without being properly treated. However, there is the need for regular monitoring of the heavy metals load in this water body and the aquatic organisms because of the long term effects

scholarly journals Investigation of Water Quality Parameters from Ramna, Crescent and Hatirjheel Lakes in Dhaka City

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Islam ◽  
M Rehnuma ◽  
SS Tithi ◽  
MH Kabir ◽  
L Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Sound Environment ◽  
Surrounding Areas

The study was conducted to know the status of water quality of the Ramna, Crescent and Hatirjheel lakes in the Dhaka city. Water samples were collected from three different points of each lake and analyzed for various physicochemical parameters including temperature, pH, EC, TDS, DO, BOD, hardness, alkalinity, acidity during the period from November 2013 to April 2014. The mean temperature 22.54, 24.59 and 24.24°C; EC 15400, 282.00 and 618.27 ?Scm-1; TDS 85.38, 155.60 and 339.90 ppm; pH 7.73, 7.85 and 7.67; DO 3.51, 3.92 and 3.65 ppm; BOD 0.93, 0.73 and 3.15 ppm; hardness 95.00, 108.56 and 105.11 ppm; alkalinity 48.9, 120.7 and 249.1 ppm, and acidity 2.18, 2.67 and 2.05 ppm were investigated from Ramna, Crescent and Hatirjheel lakes, respectively. Lower concentration of DO was observed in all three lakes that severely harmed the aquatic organisms and degrade their habitat. The comparative study demonstrated that the concentration of BOD, EC, TDS, alkalinity and acidity of Hatirjheel Lake was higher than Ramna and Crescent lakes which indicated pollution of the lake water. The rain and storm water runoff, lack of awareness of people were responsible for the pollution of Ramna, Crescent and Hatirjheel lakes water. Connection of the sewerage line with the rain water collection channels and mixing of solid waste with lake water are the main reasons for pollution of Hatirjheel lake. Poor water quality of these lakes affects the ecosystem and aesthetic beauty negatively. To maintain the sound environment and healthy ecosystem of the lakes and the surrounding areas need proper management and monitoring and implementation of existing laws and regulations. Moreover public awareness is necessary otherwise it is hardly possible to maintain sound water quality of these three lakes.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 8(1): 1-5 2015

scholarly journals To study the views of doctors on heavy metal poisoning in Mumbai.

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suryabhan Shriram Dongre ◽  
Vidhyashree Thorat
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Heavy Metal Poisoning ◽  
Metal Poisoning ◽  
Specific Alternative ◽  
Alternative Solutions ◽  
Type Response ◽  
Iron And Manganese

Aims and objectives: To study the views of Doctors on heavy metal poisoning in Mumbai      Material and methods: Heavy metals, like arsenic, lead, mercury, and others, are all around us. They’re in the ground we walk on, in the water we drink, and in the products we use every day. But high levels of most heavy metals can make you sick. While our bodies need small amounts of some heavy metals — such as  zinc, copper, chromium, iron, and manganese — toxic amounts are harmful. If our body's soft tissues accumulate too much of heavy metals, the resulting poisoning can cause serious damage. Though there are variety of medical uses of heavy metals, still each metal has its own side effects which disturb human health. We have to use  solid evidence that demonstrates the safety, efficacy, and effectiveness of specific alternative medicine . Also We have to study General biocompatibility (how metals react with human tissue) and Immunological biocompatibility (The adverse reaction due to an immunological  or allergic type response from metals). For the better study of heavy metal toxicity, we have carried out survey taking opinions of Doctors in Mumbai and Thane region. Observations: Commonly found views are  : In most of the medicines Doctors identify Lead as poisonous, Most of the metal poisoning cases occur accidentally, Ayurvedic medicines should be standardized by Ayurvedic parameters so that metals will not be in free form & never cause toxicity,  use of herbal preparations is the alternative to medicines containing metals. Conclusion: From the survey of heavy metal poisoning we conclude that there are herbal drugs which function as  the alternative solutions for the use of heavy metals , Other medicines can be used after the proper detoxification of heavy metals.

scholarly journals Urban mosquitoes and filamentous green algae: their biomonitoring role in heavy metal pollution in open wastewater channels in Nairobi, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Kariuki Kinuthia ◽  
Veronica Ngure ◽  
Luna Kamau
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Metal Exposure ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Filamentous Green Algae ◽  
Us Epa

Abstract Background Levels of Mercury (Hg), Lead (Pb), Chromium (Cr), Cadmium (Cd), Thallium (Tl), and Nickel (Ni) in samples of wastewater, filamentous green algae (spirogyra) and urban mosquitoes obtained from open wastewater channels in Nairobi industrial area, Kenya, was established. Industrial wastewater may contain hazardous heavy metals upon exposure. Aquatic organisms in wastewater may accumulate the toxic elements with time. Therefore, human population living in informal settlements in Nairobi industrial area risk exposure to such toxic elements. Biomonitoring using aquatic organisms can be key in metal exposure assessment. Results Pb, Cr, & Ni levels ranged from 3.08 to 15.31 µg/L while Tl, Hg, & Cd levels ranged from 0.05 to 0.12 µg/L in wastewater. Pb, Cr, Ni, & Cd levels were above WHO, Kenya & US EPA limits for wastewater but Hg was not. Metals in tap water (control) which ranged from 0.01 to 0.2 µg/L was below WHO, US EPA, & Kenya standard limits. Pb, Cr, Tl, & Ni levels in assorted field mosquitoes were 1.3 to 2.4 times higher than in assorted laboratory-reared mosquitoes. Hg & Cd concentrations in laboratory-reared mosquitoes (0.26 mg/L & 1.8 mg/L respectively) was higher than in field mosquitoes (0.048 mg/L & 0.12 mg/L respectively). Pb, Cr, Ni, & Cd levels in green filamentous algae were 110.62, 29.75, 14.45, & 0.44 mg/L respectively and above WHO limits for vegetable plants. Hg level in algae samples (0.057 mg/L) was below WHO standard limits but above Kenya & US EPA limits in vegetables. Correlations for Pb & Hg (r = 0.957; P < 0.05); Cd & Cr (r = 0.985; P < 0.05) in algae samples were noted. The metal concentrations in the samples were in the order, wastewater < mosquitoes < filamentous green algae. Conclusion Samples of wastewater, mosquitoes and filamentous green algae from open wastewater channels and immediate vicinity, in Nairobi industrial area (Kenya) contained Hg, Pb, Cr, Cd, Tl, and Ni. Urban mosquitoes and filamentous green algae can play a role of metal biomonitoring in wastewater. The possibility of urban mosquitoes transferring the heavy metals to their hosts when sucking blood should be investigated.

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