scholarly journals The Efforts of Islamic Splinter Movements to Withstand from Heretical Issue in Indonesia: Study of LDII, MTA and Jam'iyyatul Islamiyah

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-113
Author(s):  
Zaki Faddad Syarif Zain ◽  
Anggi Wahyu Ari
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Field Research ◽  
The State ◽  
New Order ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
The Social ◽  
General Elections ◽  
Nahdlatul Ulama ◽  
Political Milieu

This article discusses how the splinter movements in Indonesia, namely LDII (Lembaga Dakwah Islam Indonesia), MTA (Majlis Tafsir Al Quran) and JMI (Jam'iyyatul Islamiyah) can survive and develop against two constraints that are the state and Islamic orthodox group. The methods of this research-based article are both library and field research. This article uses comparative analysis from the three movements include their adaptive means to the social and political milieu in Indonesia. The movements start to grow in the 1970'. In New Order Era (1966-1998), under Suharto authoritarian regime, these movements use the state approach by joining Golkar, government political party, and help the party to win general elections. However, in the 1990 era, when Suharto starts to embrace the orthodox group, government protection to those religious groups is not enough to withstand the heretical issues that have already spread in public. The issues lead to physical persecution from the mass to these movements. Thus, the only way to survive from that conditions, the three movements start to make an approach to  orthodox groups, especially MUI (Majlis Ulama Indonesia) the mainstream group representative such as NU (Nahdlatul Ulama) and Muhammadiyah two biggest Islamic groups in Indonesia, by making dialogues and complying the Islamic mainstream standards issued by MUI.     

scholarly journals Old Order, New Order, NU Order (Existence of NU Today)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-216
Author(s):  
Afidatul Asmar
Keyword(s):  
Political Party ◽  
Research Method ◽  
New Order ◽  
Old Order ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
Practical Politics ◽  
Nahdlatul Ulama

This paper attempts to explain the role and strategy of the Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) today, by making a comparison of the existence of the NU from the Old Order (ORLA), then in the New Order (ORBA) which finally according to the author produced the NU Order (ORNU). This research uses the library research method to answer the various ups and downs that lead to the design of the paradigm, methodology, and foundation of NU today. The results showed that the NU experienced ups and downs, becoming the largest Islamic organization during the Old Order. Then it became a political party during the New Order era. Then the final result explained that ORNU which was intended at this time was NU returned to their first goal of forming an NU organization to preach in the social and educational fields, not to engage in practical politics.

Social and political activity of Voronezh Governorate peasants in 1917: cooperation with the authorities and geography of reduced conflicts

2020 ◽  
pp. 181-188
Author(s):  
Mikhail E. Razinkov
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Social Conflict ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Conflict Behavior ◽  
Private Land ◽  
The Social ◽  
Low Activity

The research is based on data on acts of cooperation of various peasant population categories with the revolutionary authorities. The relevance of the problem lies in the minimal study of these issues, since historiography studied mainly the conflict behavior of peasants. We point to the presence of a large number of forms of interaction between peasants both with the February and October authorities in 1917. Using the methods of textual analysis we givethe analysis of the wel-coming telegrams to the State Duma. An intermediate conclusion was made that the desire of the peasants to interact with the authorities did not lead directly to a decrease in the social conflict de-gree. Attention is drawn to the presence in 1905–1907 and 1917 so-called “zones of low activity” of peasant revolts. Asking the question about the reasons for the existence of such zones, we turn to the comparative analysis of the situation at the county-volost level (using the example of Ostrogozhsky and Bogucharsky districts), concluding that the traditional explanation of the existence of such zones with a small share of private land ownership does not fully explain the situation. An explanation of the emerging situation is offered by a more complex of socio-economic, socio-political and socio-everyday factors, as well as source problems.

Reconceptualizing Types of Religious Organization

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Bromley ◽  
J. Gordon Melton
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Religious Organization ◽  
Organizational Forms ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Relational Approach ◽  
New Religions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Religious Economies ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Over Time

One important theoretical task in the study of religion is distinguishing among the different organizational forms that religious groups assume. The most influential typology of religious organization has been based upon distinctions of church, denomination, sect, and cult. However, the various formulations of this typology have proved problematic, theoretically and empirically, and of little use to new religions scholars. We propose a relational approach to categorizing religious groups based on the social and cultural relationship of a group to established institutions (including religion). This approach yields four types of tradition groups: dominant, sectarian, alternative, and emergent. We argue that a relationally based typology is particularly useful in mapping religious economies, conducting comparative analysis, and tracking the changing status of religious groups over time.

A Nomadic State of Mind: Mental Maps of Bedouins in the Negev and Sinai During the Time of the Ottomans, the British Mandate, and the State of Israel

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 370-382
Author(s):  
Emir Galilee
Keyword(s):  
Field Research ◽  
The State ◽  
Mental Maps ◽  
British Mandate ◽  
The Social ◽  
Zionist Movement ◽  
State Of Mind ◽  
Central Argument ◽  
Historical Developments ◽  
State Of Israel

This article is based on over a decade of field research among Bedouin tribes of the Negev as well as historical and geographical research. Its central argument is that the main social, cultural, and geographical processes within the Negev Bedouin groups are impacted by three major forces: nomadism and the social structure; formal Islam; and the rise of the modern state. This argument is illustrated by the geographical concept of “mental maps”, and its various manifestations in Bedouin society. The article focuses on the historical developments of the twentieth century, which took place alongside the rise of the Zionist movement and the establishment of the State of Israel.

Using a role by role interview to measure the minority effect: a note on ongoing research

2004 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Laponce
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
The Self ◽  
Language Family ◽  
Place Of Birth ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
University Of British Columbia ◽  
The Social ◽  
Degree Of Satisfaction

This report on research in progress is based on data obtained through written questionnaires administered to UBC (University of British Columbia) and Ottawa University students who were asked to rank the importance and the degree of satisfaction associated with 14 characteristics of either the self or the social environment (gender, age, nationality, profession, religion, preferred political party, place of birth, province of residence, city of residence, university, ethnic group, language, family, and friends). Using gender, language, and race as examples, the author shows the usefulness of a role by role approach in comparative analysis, notably for the study of minority groups.

scholarly journals Parpol, Pemilu dan Demokrasi: Dinamika Partai Politik dalam Sistem Pemilihan Umum di Indonesia Perspektif Demokrasi

Kosmik Hukum ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Udiyo Basuki
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Party ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
The Political ◽  
Modern Democracy ◽  
Mutualistic Symbiosis ◽  
General Elections ◽  
Democratic Life ◽  
Democratic Country

In a democratic country the relationship between the state and the people must be a reflection of a mutualistic symbiosis. This means that these relationships must be mutually dependent and mutually beneficial. This relationship will be evident when the political system developed by a country provides sufficient space for political activities in the community. This space for political activity will give color to democratic life in a country. The principle of democracy and people's sovereignty requires people's participation in the life of the state administration. People or citizens are not only objects, but subjects and play an important role in the life of the state. For this reason, the existence of a representative institution is an absolute that must be fulfilled in a democratic country with people's sovereignty. According to modern democracy, political parties, general elections and representative institutions are three institutions that cannot be separated from one another. That every political party will always strive to gain large popular support during general elections so that the representative institution can be dominated by the political party concerned.Keywords: political parties, general elections, democracy.

scholarly journals Field research in the sphere of taxpayers’ equality

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-55
Author(s):  
Halyna Marchenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Social System ◽  
Field Research ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
Fair Treatment ◽  
The Social

corruption in any social system. At the same time, taxes are a measure of social justice and should not only ensure the economic stability of the state, but also instill in members of the taxpayer society a positive tolerance to the state. The term for defining the state as "social" implies meeting the social needs of each member of society. According to the author's view, this does not mean that the state should sponsor people, who do not want to work. At the same time, the state must provide an appropriate level of support to society members who, due to objective circumstances, need it. Taxes are a source of social benefits for society. At the same time, they are a form of fair treatment of citizens by the state. Inequality or injustice in the collection of taxes contributes to social inequality and significantly reduces the tolerance of society members to the state.

scholarly journals Children with orphan diseases: a comparative analysis of social welfare support measures

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 20-29
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Zaitseva ◽  
◽  
Lyudmila Voronina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
The State ◽  
Orphan Diseases ◽  
State Support ◽  
Social State ◽  
Support Measures ◽  
The Social ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Welfare State

Introduction. The inadequacy of the support measures provided to children with orphan diseases is exacerbated by the trend towards an increase in the number of children with such a diagnosis. Orphan diseases also include diseases caused by primary immunodeficiency or congenital errors of immunity, which are life-threatening. However, these people are part of society and require attention from it, and social and economic measures from the state. Most of them, with proper treatment, socialization and appropriate government support, can lead a normal life and live a full life. Scientific novelty of the research. On the basis of the study results, the authors contribute to clarifying the principles used in the implementation of the security function of the social state. The targeting of social support measures must be supplemented with the principles of social justice and freedom to choose ways to meet the needs of specific categories of citizens, understood as follows. The welfare state supports those citizens who need it most of all, namely, the poor. Specific categories of citizens can satisfy their needs, while having the opportunity to choose. This opportunity arises thanks to the receipt of targeted assistance in the form of monthly or annual subsidies. Families with children with orphan diseases should also be included in these categories. If they have the right to receive annual government subsidies, they will be able to spend these funds depending on the current needs due to the state of health of their children with orphan diseases (for the purchase of socially important food products; medicines, medical nutrition, and various services). The aim of the work is to study the problems of providing support measures to children with orphan diseases in the context of the current model of the welfare state. The article analyzes the satisfaction of patients with congenital immunity errors with various types of state support, identifies problems that reduce their satisfaction. Methods. The authors use methods such as comparative analysis, study of regulatory legal acts, sociological analysis. Results. On the basis of the study results the effectiveness of measures of state support for children with orphan diseases, studying the best experience of foreign countries, proposals were made to clarify the principles used to implement the security function by the social state, to expand the composition of the subjects involved in providing support measures analyzed in the article. Conclusions. The results obtained make it possible to assert that the targeted approach, which is basic in the model of the welfare state, does not cover most of the problems of children with innate immunity errors and, accordingly, the families that represent their interests.

scholarly journals The optimality of the option of abolishing serfdom in Russia, implemented in 1861

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (46) ◽  
pp. 20-31
Author(s):  
Vitaly Yu. Zakharov ◽  
Vladimir A. Volkov ◽  
Anna N. Ivanova ◽  
Irina N. Velmozhko ◽  
Olga B. Chirikova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Reference Point ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
The State ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Final Version ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
Main Thing

The article discusses the controversial issues related to the abolition of serfdom in Russia in 1861: its causes, features of preparation and implementation. The authors focus on the question of whether the implemented version of the abolition of serfdom in Russia was optimal. For this purpose, a comparative analysis of the abolition of serfdom in Russia is carried out with similar reforms in European countries, which could serve as a reference point, primarily in Austria and Prussia. It is concluded that the peasant reform in Russia in 1861 (in the final version) was carried out primarily in the interests of the state and not of individual social groups (landowners and peasants). It is the state that has benefited most from the implementation of this particular version of the reform, both financially and politically. Among the losers there were both peasants (to a greater extent) and landowners (to a lesser extent). The main thing was that the reform provoked the problem of the lack of land of the majority of peasants, which in the future became one of the main reasons for the social explosion and revolutions at the beginning of the XX century.

Islam, Perempuan dan Politik: Argumentasi Keterlibatan Perempuan dalam Politik di Indonesia Pasca Reformasi

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Yusuf Fadli
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
New Order ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Student Community ◽  
The Social ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Nahdlatul Ulama ◽  
The Government ◽  
Condition Of Women

This article describes how the relationship between Islam, women and politics of post-new order. especially how women’s movement of Nahdlatul Ulama involvement in the fight for gender equality which is based on Islamic values. Post-reformation era, the women movement of NU stepped in into political realm to improve the social condition of women which had been marginalized for a long time. Based on this background, this study focuses the women movement in NU and the partaicipation of NU women in Indonesian politics. The aim of this study is to examine the background of NU women, to discover factors that encourage them to support the idea of genderequality and to assess the role of NU women in Indonesian politics. This study applies the qualitative approach in collecting secondary sources with a descriptive analysis. This study also uses Political Partaicipation theory and Feminism concept. The findings show that the women of NU has successfully improved the women representatives in politics, especially in DPR RI (parliament). Yet, they are still struggling in improving the condition of women as a whole, because it’s a process that needs time and patience. Hopefully, this study gives a good contribution to student, community and government who are interested in the study of women movement of NU in the post-1998 reformation politics. Furthermore, this study helps the government to determine its policy in Indonesia, partaicularly in integrating women into development.Keywords : Islam, Women, Politics, New Order, NU, Feminism

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