scholarly journals Reading of today Russian adolescents in the context of digital reality

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 122-131
Author(s):  
Alexandra Berezinа ◽  
Elena Kolosova

Reading of literature is important type of activity contributed to the formation of identity and worldview. Reading for teenagers has become an optional activity, perceived as the leisure, preference is given to watching TV, computer games, social networks and etс. These changes are principally related to the processes taking place in modern society, including the increasing representation of digital technologies in the life of adolescents. Psychological study showed that in the structure of reading motivation of today adolescents can be distinguished: benefit motive, entertainment motive, escapism motive, personal motive, compulsion motive, social motive. At the same time, more than a third of adolescents do not have any formed reading motivation, and prevail motives for reading are external motives: benefit motives, entertainment and compulsion motives. The age dynamic and gender differences can be traced. Sociological surveys show that the reading circle of adolescents consists of printed and electronic books and periodicals. The proportions change towards the preference for electronic reading. Despite the fact that the Internet has increased the intensity of teenagers reading, they read not only e-books, but also news, encyclopedias, humorous sites, publications about celebrities and music portals. Thus, digitalization increases the volume of reading, but decreases its quality.

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (s1) ◽  
pp. S48-S52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Gao ◽  
Haichun Sun ◽  
Jie Zhuang ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Lynda Ransdell ◽  
...  

Background:This study determined the metabolic equivalents (METs) of several activities typically performed by Chinese youth.Methods:Thirty youth (12 years) performed 7 activities that reflected their daily activities while Energy Expenditure (EE) was measured in a metabolic chamber.Results:METs were calculated as activity EE divided by participant’s measured resting metabolic rate. A MET value ranging from 0.8 to 1.2 was obtained for sleeping, watching TV, playing computer games, reading and doing homework. Performing radio gymnastics had a MET value of 2.9. Jumping rope at low effort required 3.1 METs. Except for watching TV, METs for other activities in this study were lower than Youth Compendium values.Conclusions:The results provide empirical evidence for more accurately assessing EE of activities commonly performed by Chinese youth. This is the first study to determine METs for radio gymnastics and jump rope in Chinese youth.


2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-372
Author(s):  
Ehsaneh Taheri ◽  
Ramin Heshmat ◽  
Mohammad Esmaeil Motlagh ◽  
Gelayol Ardalan ◽  
Hamid Asayesh ◽  
...  

AbstractBackgroundThere are limited studies about the association of physical activity (PA) and screen time (ST) with psychiatric distress (PD) among children and adolescents including Iranian populations.ObjectiveWe aimed to examine the independent and combined associations of PA and ST with PD among children and adolescents.MethodThis school-based nationwide survey was carried out among 14 880 students (50.8% boys and 75.6% urban inhabitants), of age 6–18 years by cluster and the stratified multistage sampling method from 30 provinces of Iran. The students and their parents completed two sets of questionnaires obtained from Global School Health Survey with several questions about the PD. The time spent on watching TV/video and computer games and PA were assessed by self-administered validated questionnaires.ResultsThe study had a participation rate of 90.6%. Of the studied students, 45.85%, 83.62%, 37.81% and 23.92% had depression, anger, insomnia and worthlessness, respectively. The prevalence of confusion, anxiety and worry was reported in 19.6%, 55.17% and 75.31% of the students, respectively. The combined effect of PA and that of ST showed that students with high PA and low ST had the lowest prevalence of PD, while the highest prevalence of these PD was observed among students with low PA combined with high ST (p < 0.05 for all).ConclusionsIncreasing PA and reducing ST should both be considered for improving the mental health status of children and adolescents.


2021 ◽  
pp. 150-159
Author(s):  
Г.С. Лубышева ◽  
А.А. Красильников ◽  
Г.Р. Чубанова

Информационно-компьютерные технологии (ИКТ) являются одним из величайших достижений человечества. Начиная с появления Нomo sapiens множество технологий разной степени сложности являются его постоянными спутниками на всем протяжении существования. Во многом благодаря именно развитию технологий, возникли такие явления как цивилизация, наука и искусство. Современные технологии также коренным образом изменяют нашу жизнь. Они влияют на различные стороны нашего бытия, и во многом определяют само это бытие. Как показывает практика, современные ИКТ играют важнейшую роль в каждой сфере жизни современного общества. Некоторые задачи обучения и развития также могут быть существенно автоматизированы благодаря современным цифровым технологиям. Следует также отметить, что многие сложные и критически важные процессы могут быть осуществлены менее затратно и с большей эффективностью при использовании таких технологий. Благодаря более продвинутым или прикладным ИКТ жизнь человека существенно изменилась, и, следует заметить, она изменилась к лучшему. Следует отметить также, что современные цифровые технологии привнесли поистине революционные изменения и в сферу образования. Важность вопроса внедрения ИКТ в школах различного уровня сегодня уже трудно переоценить. Фактически с появлением цифровых технологий в образовании учителям стало значительно легче делиться знаниями, а ученикам их приобретать. Повсеместное использование ИКТ сделало тесно взаимосвязанные процессы преподавания и обучения значительно более интересными и позитивно окрашенными, как для преподавателей так и для обучающихся. Information and computer technologies (ICT) are one of the greatest achievements of mankind. Since the emergence of Nomo sapiens, many technologies of varying degrees of complexity have been its constant companions throughout its existence. It is largely due to the development of technology that such phenomena as civilization, science and art have emerged. Modern technologies are also fundamentally changing our lives. They affect various aspects of our being, and in many ways determine this very being. As practice shows, modern ICT play a crucial role in every sphere of modern society. Some training and development tasks can also be significantly automated thanks to modern digital technologies. It should also be noted that many complex and critical processes can be implemented less cost-effectively and with greater efficiency when using such technologies. Thanks to more advanced or applied ICTs, a person's life has changed significantly, and, it should be noted, it has changed for the better. It should also be noted that modern digital technologies have brought truly revolutionary changes to the field of education. It is difficult to overestimate the importance of implementing ICT in schools at various levels today. In fact, with the advent of digital technologies in education, it has become much easier for teachers to share knowledge and for students to acquire it. The widespread use of ICTs has made the closely interlinked processes of teaching and learning much more interesting and positive for both teachers and students.


Psichologija ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 58-71
Author(s):  
Gabija Petrauskaitė ◽  
Ksenija Čunichina

Sexual harassment is still a widespread problem in today’s modern society. Therefore, it is important to identify extralegal factors that shape society’s attitudes towards sexual harassment cases and why, sometimes, the victim of sexual harassment is being blamed for the situation. Most of the previous studies do not explore the causal relationship between the characteristics of the accused and the attitudes towards the cases. Moreover, the results of many existing studies are contradictory. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the impact of sex, physical attractiveness and socioeconomic status (SES) of the perpetrator on the attitudes towards sexual harassment situations. A hundred seventy-nine respondents participated in the study. During the research, a fictional news report and situation assessment scale were used. It was found that only a perpetrator’s physical attractiveness and socioeconomic status had a statistically significant impact on the appraisal of the perpetrator and victim’s behavior in the situation. The physical attractiveness of the perpetrator resulted in a statistically significant positive appraisal of his behavior and a more negative appraisal of the victim’s behavior. SES only had a statistically significant impact on the appraisal of perpetrator’s behavior: when the perpetrator was of high SES, his behavior in a sexual harassment situation was perceived more negatively than that of low SES. Results of this research not only emphasize the importance of extralegal factors on the attitudes toward the sexual harassment victims and perpetrators among younger adults, but also indicates possible societal changes – diminished gender and opposite SES effects on the attitudes toward the aforementioned situations.


Author(s):  
G Paranthaman ◽  
S Santhi ◽  
R Radha ◽  
G Poornima Thilagam

Woman constitutes the key role in the Indian society. Women in ancient India enjoyed high status in society and their condition was good. The Ancient and medieval status of women in modern Indian society regarding Equality, Education, Marriage and Family life, Race and Gender, Religion and Culture is maintained or deteriorated. The Vedic women had economic freedom. Some women were engaged in teaching work. Home was the place of production. Spinning and weaving of clothes were done at home. Women also helped their husbands in agricultural pursuit. In the religious field, wife enjoyed full rights and regularly participated in religious ceremonies with her husband. Religious ceremonies and sacrifices were performed jointly by the husband and wife. Women even participated actively in religious discourses. The status of women improved a little during the Buddhist period though there was no tremendous change. The role of women in Ancient Indian Literature is immense. Ancient India had many learned ladies. The Medieval period (Period between 500 A.D to 1500 A.D) proved to be highly disappointing for the Indian women, for their status further deteriorated during this period. Through this study we come to the conclusion that as the women has equal participation in human development. She is half of the human race. But she lacks in society. Women are not treated with respect as in the Ancient Indian society. Lot of crime against women is seen in the modern society. The Constitutional provisions are not sufficient to get the respectable position in society. The paper will help us to imagine the participation of women in social, religious, economic and household matters from Ancient to Modern.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1086296X2110304
Author(s):  
Hitomi Kambara ◽  
Yu-Cheng Lin

This cross-cultural study investigated country and gender differences among American (U.S.A.) and Japanese students’ reading motivation. Fourth-grade students (94 from the United States and 102 from Japan) were administered a reading motivation questionnaire. Study results indicated American students had higher reading motivation than Japanese students on most dimensions, including Self-Efficacy, Challenges, Curiosity, Importance, Involvement, Recognition, Grades, Competition, and Social. We found that culture may impact students’ reading motivation and discuss how individualistic and collectivistic cultures influence students’ reading motivation. Contrasting with the existing research, this study did not show any significant gender differences in reading motivation across the two countries. The null effect of gender needs to be re-examined in future studies.


Games have become an important leisure activity for children and adults, and they are becoming an increasingly important part of our culture as a whole. This chapter gives readers an insight into the impact of computer games both culturally and economically. The chapter also considers the technical impact of computer games and how this might impact the gendered digital divide. For instance, it is often noted that playing computer games can be a gateway to computing careers due to increasing confidence and skills in computing as well as developing an interest in computers due to familiarity. Indeed, computer games and gaming might be an initial introduction for children to digital technologies generally. In turn, developing their confidence and skills in their usage of technology, leading to an increased utilisation and interest in a career in computer science and information technology. All issues are important when considering the gender divide in computer games.


2022 ◽  
pp. 185-205
Author(s):  
Sevgi Sümerli Sarıgül ◽  
Burcu Oralhan

Digital technologies can process data much faster and more reliably than humans. Therefore, businesses must ensure a radical transformation in their infrastructure in order to keep up with the competitive environment. When establishing an accounting information system in enterprises, it should be ensured that the system can produce complete and uninterrupted information. However, one consequence of the digitalization process in accounting information systems is that the need for accounting personnel tends to decrease day by day. The aim of this study is to examine the digital developments in accounting and financial consultancy services and to emphasize the need for accounting engineering, which can contribute the most to these developments In this context, the structure and consequences of gender differences of individuals working in the accounting profession were examined.


Author(s):  
Andrew J. Wodehouse ◽  
William J. Ion

In this paper, computer gaming approaches are introduced as a viable means to structure the interaction of a product development team during concept generation. During concept generation, teams gather large amounts of information before generating new ideas and concepts. Digital technologies mean that relevant information can be sourced faster than ever, but this does not necessarily migrate into the activity of concept creation. It is suggested that cues from computer games can help integrate information as well as individuals more effectively, resulting in better conceptual output. A range of game types are evaluated with a view to their possible utilization in support of concept design. Two scenarios for the implementation of gaming methods are proposed, and one refined scenario identified as having potential for further development.


2021 ◽  
pp. 56-91
Author(s):  
Ian Ward

This is the first of three chapters which focus, in their different ways, on the writing of history in contemporary theatre. This chapter concentrates on two ‘history’ plays written by Caryl Churchill during the 1970s; Light Shining in Buckinghamshire and Vinegar Tom. Churchill emerged as one of the most influential voices in radical British theatre during the closing decades of the last century. Both plays were set in the mid-seventeenth-century, but were written to resonate with themes familiar in modern legal and political thought. The title of the first play is taken from a Leveller tract published in the second part of the 1640s. Churchill uses it to explore the state of radical politics in later twentieth-century Britain. The second play, Vinegar Tom, is a contribution to a distinctive sub-genre of ‘witchcraft’ plays, which use the ‘crime’ of witchcraft as a vehicle for revisiting the relation of law and gender in modern society.


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