scholarly journals The Assessment of Deforestation Impact Towards Microclimate and Environment in Ilorin, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 301
Author(s):  
Toluwalope Mubo Agaja ◽  
Elisha Ademola Adeleke ◽  
Enekole Esther Adeniyi ◽  
Precious Temilade Afolayan
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Geography Education ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Subsistence Agriculture ◽  
Mean Frequency ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Primary Forests

Nigeria obtains high rate of deforestation with a loss of about 60 percent of its primary forests between 2000 and 2005 as a result of logging, subsistence agriculture, wood exploitation, and urban expansion.This research assessed the level of deforestation and how it has affected Ilorin’s microclimate and the environments. The specific objectives of this study were assessing the relationship that occurs between deforestation and microclimate, examining deforestation and the impact it has within the study area of microclimate, and forecasting the microclimate within the study area by the year 2030. The statistical tools engaged were both descriptive (mean, frequency distribution table and, bar charts) and inferential statistics (multiple regression analysis). The research indicated that there is a significant relationship between deforestation with r2 variables of 0.888 for maximum temperature, 0.201 for minimum temperature, 0.997 for precipitation, 0.43 for solar output, -0.797  and -0.873 for evapotranspiration and relative humidity respectively and Ilorin’s microclimate. The study concludes that deforestation greatly influences the microclimate of Ilorin and occurs due to human’s anthropogenic activities. Deforestation has also led to climate change. Keywords: Deforestation; Climate; Micro-climate; Vegetation Cover Copyright (c) 2020 Geosfera Indonesia Journal and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share A like 4.0 International License

Constitution, Government and Democracy in Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudio G. Couto ◽  
Rogério B. Arantes
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Political Dynamics ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Constitutional Analysis

With the intention of contributing to the comparative studies about the impact that constitutions have on the ordinary democratic political process, this article analyses the profile of the Brazilian 1988 constitution based on its contents and discerning to what extent the constitutional text - as well as its constitutional provisions - comprises public policies. Our hypothesis is that a constitutional text that contains many public policies (like the Brazilian one) is more prone to become a target of changing initiatives. The Brazilian constitution of 1988 presents a high rate of constitutional amending, with 62 amendments in twenty years (3.1 amendments per year); most of them sponsored by the Executive branch, aiming at implementing public policies. Due to the fact that the post-1988 governmental platforms have abided a ``constituent agenda," the comprehension of the current Brazilian political dynamics (especially the relationship between branches of government) passes necessarily through the understanding of Brazilian constitutional features. Such analysis has been done by means of a ``Constitutional Analysis Methodology" (Metodologia de Análise Constitucional - MAC) developed by the authors, which allows for the interpretation of the meaning of the constitutional provisions as well as their measurement.

scholarly journals The Impact of Foreign Aid on Economic Growth in Palestine: An Empirical Evidence

2021 ◽  
pp. 99-114
Author(s):  
Nemer Badwan ◽  
Mohammed Atta
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Chow Test ◽  
Palestinian Economy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines the Impact of Foreign Aid on Economic Growth in Palestine by considering time series data of the last twenty years from (2000-2019). Foreign Aid's Impact on the Palestinian Economy explored with the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as the dependent variable against few selected independent variables such as Foreign Aid, Remittance, Investment, Labour Force and Lagged (GDP). This study used the Partial Adjustment Model to analyze the Impact of Foreign Aid on Economic Growth in Palestine and also applied the (Chow Test) to examine whether there was a Structural Breakthrough in the Palestinian Economy. The results indicate that Foreign Aid has a positive relationship with (GDP). However, the relationship is not significant since the higher volume of Foreign Aid used in Humanitarian and Social Welfare rather than Production Activities in the real sectors. (Chow Test) shows that the relationship between Foreign Aid (GDP) has not witnessed a Structural Breakthrough in the Palestinian Economy over the past twenty years. In light of these empirical results, we suggest that Government Policy-Makers and Decision-Makers allocate this Foreign Aid to Productive Sectors and Human Capital formation (HC) activities with a special focus on capital expenditures to achieve a high rate of the country's Economic Growth and Development and to meet the periodic plan and Long-Term Development goals.

scholarly journals Assessment of the impact of pesticide usage in groundwater aquifer of an agriculturally dominated area in North West India

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-342
Author(s):  
Jyoti Chaubey ◽  
S. K. Singh ◽  
Sukhwant Singh ◽  
H. Arora
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
North West ◽  
Regulatory Policies ◽  
Groundwater Aquifer ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pesticide Usage

Abstract Groundwater pollution due to several anthropogenic activities has been a worldwide problem, one such activity being injudicious pesticide usage in agriculture. Assessment of pesticide impact on groundwater is a prerequisite step towards the formulation of regulatory policies related to the pesticides' application. The present study deals with assessment of the impact of pesticide usage in the groundwater aquifer of an agriculturally dominated area in North West India. The relationship between the pesticide usage and its impact on the quality of groundwater has been established by employing a model named Pesticide Impact Rating Index (PIRI). For illustration, seven farms lying in Nakodar tehsil of Punjab state in India were considered. Based on the frequency of usage of various pesticides in the study area, four pesticides namely atrazine, chlorophyrifos, phorate and monocrotophos were selected for detailed analysis. Groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for observed values of pesticide residues. The observed residues were compared with the PIRI model estimates and results showed that though the observed values were higher corresponding to the estimated values, the ratio seemed to be fluctuating within a consistent range. Therefore multiplicative correction factors were introduced for the model estimates so as to predict realistic pesticide residues in an area.

scholarly journals The impact of inflation on the unemployment rate in Egypt: a VAR approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 06009
Author(s):  
Emad Attia Mohamed Omran ◽  
Yuriy Bilan
Keyword(s):  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Impulse Response Function ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Vector Autoregressive ◽  
Political Effects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Unemployment and inflation are among the most critical phenomena facing both developed and developing countries due to their harmful social, economic, and political effects. The Egyptian monetary policy’s main objective is to maintain a low inflation rate in the medium run to keep the confidence and a high rate of investment and economic growth. At the same time, economists argue that targeting a low-rate of inflation may increase unemployment. Although the classical Philips curve indicates a trade-off between inflation and unemployment, several empirical studies have argued that the relationship between inflation and unemployment depends on the shocks’ source and lagged responses. The main objective of this paper is to examine the relationship between inflation and Egypt’s unemployment rate. We used time-series data from 1980 to 2019, where a vector autoregressive (VAR) model and the Impulse response function tool (IRF) were employed. The results show that inflation has a positive relationship with GDP while negatively affecting the unemployment rate.

The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on the Structure of Russia's Exports

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
К. Буневич ◽  
K. Bunevich ◽  
О. Иванова ◽  
O. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

One of the indicators of the country’s involvement in the global economy is the export of goods and its structure. The degree and nature of changes in export groups of goods may indicate changes in the structure of the economy under the influence of foreign direct investment, which makes it possible to evaluate the positive or negative effects of them. Recently, more and more countries are involved in the process of international capital movement, both as an exporter and as an importer. There are many reasons for the desire of domestic economic entities to export their capital abroad. The subject of this study is economic relations caused by the relationship of foreign direct investment with the structure of Russian exports. The article considers the dynamics of foreign direct investment in the domestic economy. The attractiveness of the Russian economy from the point of view of international ratings of countries is analyzed. An attempt is made to determine the relationship of foreign direct investment with the macroeconomic indicators of the Russian Federation, as well as the structure of foreign direct investment with the structure of Russian exports. The degree of influence of indicators of attracted foreign direct investment and payments for new technologies on changes in the structure of export is determined The impact of FDI on the host economy is different. On the one hand, FDI brings financial resources to the economy with the new technologies that the economy needs. On the other hand, a direct investor invests his money in those sectors of the economy that have a high rate of return, which in turn does not help to solve the problems of the economy and the uneven development of the country’s industries.

scholarly journals Anthropogenic activities are associated with shorter telomeres in chicks of Adélie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae)

Polar Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jilda Alicia Caccavo ◽  
Thierry Raclot ◽  
Timothée Poupart ◽  
Yan Ropert-Coudert ◽  
Frédéric Angelier
Keyword(s):  
Telomere Length ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Adélie Penguin ◽  
Pygoscelis Adeliae ◽  
Adelie Penguin ◽  
Fitness Consequences ◽  
Length Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractDefining the impact of anthropogenic stressors on Antarctic wildlife is an active aim for investigators. Telomeres represent a promising molecular tool to investigate the fitness of wild populations, as their length may predict longevity and survival. We examined the relationship between telomere length and human exposure in Adélie penguin chicks (Pygoscelis adeliae) from East Antarctica. Telomere length was compared between chicks from areas with sustained human activity and on neighboring protected islands with little or no human presence. Adélie penguin chicks from sites exposed to human activity had significantly shorter telomeres than chicks from unexposed sites in nearby protected areas, with exposed chicks having on average 3.5% shorter telomeres than unexposed chicks. While sampling limitations preclude our ability to draw more sweeping conclusions at this time, our analysis nonetheless provides important insights into measures of colony vulnerability. More data are needed both to understand the proximate causes (e.g., stress, feeding events) leading to shorter telomeres in chicks from human exposed areas, as well as the fitness consequences of reduced telomere length. We suggest to further test the use of telomere length analysis as an eco-indicator of stress in wildlife among anthropized sites throughout Antarctica.

The Impact of Epidemic Outbreak

Crisis ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul S.F. Yip ◽  
Y.T. Cheung ◽  
P.H. Chau ◽  
Y.W. Law
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Completed Suicide ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Previous studies revealed that there was a significant increase in suicide deaths among those aged 65 and over in 2003. The peak coincided with the majority of SARS cases being reported in April 2003. Aims: In this paper we examine the mechanism of how the SARS outbreak resulted in a higher completed suicide rate especially among older adults in Hong Kong. Methods: We used Qualitative data analysis to uncover the association between the occurrence of SARS and older adult suicide. Furthermore, we used a qualitative study based on the Coroner Court reports to provide empirical evidence about the relationship between SARS and the excessive number of suicide deaths among the elderly. Results: SARS-related older adult suicide victims were more likely to be afraid of contracting the disease and had fears of disconnection. The suicide motives among SARS-related suicide deaths were more closely associated with stress over fears of being a burden to their families during the negative impact of the epidemic. Social disengagement, mental stress, and anxiety at the time of the SARS epidemic among a certain group of older adults resulted in an exceptionally high rate of suicide deaths. Conclusions: We recommend that the mental and psychological well-being of the community, in particular older adults, be taken into careful account when developing epidemic control measures to combat the future outbreak of diseases in the community. In addition, it is important to alert family members to vulnerable individuals who are at potential risk because of their illnesses or anxieties.

The Relationship between Diurnal Temperature Range (DTR) and Rainfall over Northern Thailand

2014 ◽  
Vol 931-932 ◽  
pp. 614-618
Author(s):  
Lukas Beule ◽  
Sarintip Tantanee
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Temperature Range ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Lag Time ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Northern Thailand ◽  
Diurnal Temperature ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Rainfall Prediction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Since 1950, it has been found that the global diurnal temperature range (DTR), the difference between the minimum temperature (Tmin) and the maximum temperature (Tmax) of daily surface air temperature, has been temporally decreasing in several places all over the world. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of DTR on the amount of total monthly rainfall (TRF) and the number of rainy days per month (RD), as well as to evaluate the possibility of using DTR as a parameter in the rainfall prediction process. The study area is in northern Thailand, which covers about one third of the total area of the country. The impact of DTR on rainfall over the studied area is evaluated from the relationship between DTR and TRF, as well as DTR and RD, by using long-term meteorological monthly data over 30 years (1978-2007). Besides, the relationships of RD, TRF, and the temperature of mean monthly Tmax and Tmin are also analysed. The significance of the correlation between the two parameters is identified by the coefficient of correlation. The possibility of using DTR is evaluated by estimating the relationships between DTR and a one month-lag time of RD and TRF. It is found that the DTR has a strong statistically significant ( > 99%) negative correlation with TRF and RD, as well as with the one month-lag time of TRF and RD. Therefore, it is possible to consider DTR as a significant parameter for rainfall prediction.

scholarly journals Bariatric Surgery in Obesity: Effects on Gut Microbiota and Micronutrient Status

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Ciobârcă ◽  
Adriana Florinela Cătoi ◽  
Cătălin Copăescu ◽  
Doina Miere ◽  
Gianina Crișan
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Micronutrient Status ◽  
Sustained Weight Loss ◽  
Promising Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Bariatric Patients ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Obesity is associated with reduced gut microbial diversity and a high rate of micronutrient deficiency. Bariatric surgery, the therapy of choice for severe obesity, produces sustained weight loss and improvements in obesity-related comorbidities. Also, it significantly alters the gut microbiota (GM) composition and function, which might have an important impact on the micronutrient status as GM is able to synthesize certain vitamins, such as riboflavin, folate, B12, or vitamin K2. However, recent data have reported that GM is not fully restored after bariatric surgery; therefore, manipulation of GM through probiotics represents a promising therapeutic approach in bariatric patients. In this review, we discuss the latest evidence concerning the relationship between obesity, GM and micronutrients, the impact of bariatric surgery on GM in relation with micronutrients equilibrium, and the importance of the probiotics’ supplementation in obese patients submitted to surgical treatment.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ELECTRICITY POWER AND UNEMPLOYMENT RATES IN NIGERIA

2012 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
pp. 10-19
Author(s):  
E.O. George ◽  
J.E. Oseni
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Least Square ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
Electricity Power ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The high level of unemployment and poor power supply to the industrial sector are the major problems facing the Nigerian economy. For the past two decades, successive governments in Nigeria have made futile attempts to address the issues of unemployment. Several scholarly studies have been conducted to establish relationships between unemployment and microeconomic variables without any serious attention on the relationship between unemployment and electricity power supply. The study addresses the question of the impact of electricity power on unemployment rates in Nigeria. This study using an ordinary least square regression model examined the influence of electricity power outputs, supply and consumption in addressing the high rate of unemployment in Nigeria. The study which covers the period of 1970 to 2005 discovers that power supply to the industrial sector was lower than the supply for residential consumption. The study also establishes that the major cause of unemployment in Nigeria can be traced to inadequate and unstable power supply to the industrial sector. The study advises the government and the policy makers to invest more in electricity power generation and ensures that the industrial sector is given a higher priority in the supply of electricity if the high unemployment rate is to be abated.

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