scholarly journals Hipokryzja i cynizm polityków — normalność czy patologia?

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 86-106
Author(s):  
Eugeniusz Młyniec
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Space ◽  
Negative Aspect ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Thin Line

Hypocrisy and cynicism of politicians — morals or pathology?The article refers to the phenomena of cynicism and hypocrisy existing in the political space, in particular paying attention to the perception of the phenomena by research and, first and foremost, by societies. Cynicism and, above all, hypocrisy are inextricably connected to politics. In the article, a special place is devoted to the conceptualization of normality related to the aforementioned cynicism and hypocrisy, which are also subjects of analysis. An issue was taken up of not only the pathological nature of the phenomena, but also positive sides were pointed out which allow for applying other than a negative evaluation of their mechanisms. These considerations are accompanied by examples related both to historic and modern times, being only an exemplification of the formulated theses, in particular, the thesis of a thin line between what we consider as a negative aspect and what we recognize as having positive aspects. Secondly, it looks at how the phenomena of cynicism and hypocrisy can be relativized depending on the so-called point of view. Thirdly, it is discussed how interesting psychological and social phenomena are attitudes and behaviours of individuals and large social groups, very often unaware of the importance of their activities. However, it needs to be admitted that sometimes we encounter individuals not only in politics who use these means deliberately. Most frequently, hypocrites and authors of cynical behaviours are exposed by their social environment.

Ibn Khaldun's Critique of the Theory of al-Siyâsah al-Madaniyyah

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 547-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Şenol Korkut
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Model ◽  
The Political ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Ibn Khaldun ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
Social Fields ◽  
Style Of Thought

AbstractIn this paper the method proposed by Ibn Khaldun in the political and social fields, will be examined in its original dimensions. The political philosophy that started with al-Farabi as a systematic style of thought in Islamic thought used deduction as a mandatory part of the tradition belonging to the philosopher. In one sense, this is a journey from 'description' to 'depiction'. Ibn Khaldun stated that this method remains insufficient in order to explain social phenomena and events, and widening this perspective indicated that political philosophy, in one sense, is compelled to present a utopian social model, and departing from this point criticised al-Farabi as not being a philosophical realist. At this point, the accusations made against the philosophers and his approach to the criticism of al-Siyasah al-Madaniyyah are investigated as to whether or not Ibn Khaldun approached political philosophy from a universal point of view, and if, while making these accusations, the theories of the philosophers were taken into account. Accordingly, Ibn Khaldun's theory of prophethood and happiness and the falasifa's influences on Ibn Khaldun are investigated.

PAREMIA OF DIFFERENT PEOPLES OF THE WORLD AND THEIR GENDER SPECIFITY

2021 ◽  
pp. 78-87
Author(s):  
Н.А. Сребрянская
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
Inductive Method ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
The World ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Gender Aspect

Постановка задачи. В фокусе исследования в рамках данной статьи стоят паремии Великобритании и других народов мира. Целью является рассмотрение их авторства с позиций гендерной принадлежности. В статье выявляются субъект и объект высказывания с точки зрения гендера. Результаты. В результате проведенных исследований были выделены характеристики, которые могут явиться основанием для установления гендерного авторства пословиц и поговорок. Были выделены содержательные характеристики, релевантные для установления гендера автора, которые включают имплицитные и эксплицитные гендерные маркеры авторства, т.е. прямые и косвенные указания на гендер автора. Под имплицитными маркерами подразумеваются аксиологические характеристики качеств характера и поступков в пословицах; характер сравнений в паремии. Под эксплицитными маркерами понимаются рекомендательный и инструктивный характер пословиц в отношении поведения с противоположным полом; словосочетания your wife ; эксплицитная оценка интимных радостей, получаемых от женщины. Выводы. Анализ материала позволил сделать следующие выводы относительно гендерной паремии народов мира: имеет место значительный количественный перевес пословиц, характеризующих женщину по сравнению с характеристикой мужчины; в оценках женщины и жены доминирует пейоративная оценка; сравнения в отношении женщин носят негативный характер; многие высказывания о женщинах весьма грубы и резки и содержат ругательные лексемы в отношении женщин; многие пословицы «инструктируют» мужчин, как вести себя с женщиной, которая рассматривается как источник опасности для мужчины. Это указывает на то, что автором пословиц и поговорок у народов мира являются преимущественно мужчины, а паремия как разновидность фольклора является в основном мужским жанром. Statement of the problem. The present research aims to investigate the authorship of paremia of different nations of the world from the point of view of gender. The gender aspect of the subject and the object of a peremian statement are determined. Data from this study come from the proverbs and sayings of the peoples of the world in English. For the study, the following methods were used: an inductive method, a semantic analysis method, an analysis of dictionary definitions, a method of comparing various national cultures, a quantity method, a method of correlation of language and social phenomena. Results. Our research reveals different characteristics which may be the basis for the establishment of the gender of authorship of proverbs and sayings. Some characteristics of a paremian statement that include implicit and explicit gender markers of authorship are considered relevant for revealing the author's gender. Implicit markers imply the axiological characteristics of personality of men and women in proverbs, their comparisons with animals and tools of labor. The explicit markers imply recommendations and guidance how to behave with the opposite sex; references to ‘your wife’; mention of sexual joys received from a woman. Conclusion. The findings of the research have indicated the following: there is a significant quantitative advantage of proverbs characterizing a woman compared to the characteristics of a man; In assessments of women and wives negative evaluation dominates; Comparisons for women are negative; Many statements about women are extremely coarse and cutting and contain abusive lexemes against women; Many proverbs "instruct" men, how to behave with a woman who is considered to be a source of danger for a man. These factors indicate that authors of most proverbs and sayings in the world are predominantly a man. Paremia as a kind of folklore is mainly a male genre.

Perspectives on Teaching: A Space for Reflection on the Sociopolitical Nature of Doing

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1017-1022
Author(s):  
Isabel Cristina Rincón Rodríguez ◽  
◽  
Jorge E. Chaparro Medina ◽  
José Gregorio Noroño Sánchez ◽  
Marcela Garzón Posada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Professional Practice ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Student Interaction ◽  
The Political ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Training Performance ◽  
Teacher Student ◽  
The Social ◽  
Teaching Learning

In the exercise of teaching, teachers give account of different forms of organization: emerging, self-managed and autonomous product of conceptions that arise from training, performance and experiences where the socio-political nature of both his being and individual that integrates and makes part of social groups, as in the exercise of professional practice. Under this horizon, the aim of this work is to analyze from the social function of the teacher the sociopolitical role of their task as far as the political vision has, ability to understand social problems and generate actions for which is part of a frame of reference where the concepts that allow to develop theoretical analysis to identify the sociopolitical expression of the teaching exercise are exposed, considering that in this practice this type of content is revealed in the teachers as actors of the teaching-learning process, both in the training in their performance based on the training they receive, the historical geographical relationship and the experiences that their activity provides them with what has framed this work. It is concluded that in the exercise of teaching work are present sociopolitical categories that affect both the understanding of social phenomena and the pretense of practical actions that transform these realities from the institution-teacher-student interaction.

scholarly journals Regionalist Movements in Contemporary Switzerland: Ticino and Bernese Jura Cases

2021 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 50-60
Author(s):  
Vsevolod Bederson ◽  
◽  
Irina Shevtsova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Political ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Linguistic Minorities ◽  
Political Space ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Research Interviews ◽  
The Stability

The article looks into characteristics of regionalist movements in contemporary Switzerland. The authors try to answer the question why, despite the stability of federal relations in Switzerland and the existence of institutions representing the interests of the regions, there are regionalist movements in the canton of Ticino and the Bernese Jura, and why only in these two regions? The study is based on open data on the political and socio-economic characteristics of the regions, as well as on materials of research interviews with representatives of movements and experts. The study analyzes the cases of the regionalist movements of the League of Ticino and the Groupe Bélier in the Bernese Jura. The results point to the similarities of the movements: linguistic minorities surrounded by a German-speaking majority, accumulation of similar contradictions over the years. The regionalism of the League of Ticino stands out in the context of other parties; the League has made the regionalist agenda a platform for promoting right-wing demands without being marginalized in the political space. The Groupe Bélier, from the point of view of regionalist demands, is distinguished by a weak visibility of its agenda in political parties’ programmes.

scholarly journals Constructing Political Space in the Tsar Residences of the 17th Century: an Essay on Its Theoretical Analysis

2016 ◽  
pp. 136-144
Author(s):  
A V Topychkanov
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Constructivist Approach ◽  
Political Subjectivity ◽  
Political Space ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure

The transition to Modernity was characterized by the emergence and development of the culture of sovereigns’ residences. The constructivist approach to the study of the political space of the tsar country residences of the 17th century allow to establish that the sovereign was interested 1) in a hierarchic representation of all social groups, 2) in totalizing a hierarchical structure, underlining its coherence, unity and integrity, 3) that only tsar was endowed by political subjectivity. The success of the construction of political space was depended not only by the use of legal, social, spatial and other ways of organizing interaction, but also by the formation of political space (in the absence of the sovereign) that simulates a real political space and specifies all the positions within the hierarchical structure, including the tsar.

THE GENESIS OF CONSERVATIVE IDEOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT TRENDS AND PROSPECTS IN THE POLITICAL REFORM OF MODERN COUNTRIES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF RUSSIA AND FRANCE)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
MARIETA EPREMYAN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Reform ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Political ◽  
Development Trends ◽  
Conservative Ideology ◽  
The World ◽  
Christian Conservatism ◽  
The Future ◽  
Conservative Policy ◽  
Depth Interviews

The article examines the epistemological roots of conservative ideology, development trends and further prospects in political reform not only in modern Russia, but also in other countries. The author focuses on the “world” and Russian conservatism. In the course of the study, the author illustrates what opportunities and limitations a conservative ideology can have in political reform not only in modern Russia, but also in the world. In conclusion, it is concluded that the prospect of a conservative trend in the world is wide enough. To avoid immigration and to control the development of technology in society, it is necessary to adhere to a conservative policy. Conservatism is a consolidating ideology. It is no coincidence that the author cites as an example the understanding of conservative ideology by the French due to the fact that Russia has its own vision of the ideology of conservatism. If we say that conservatism seeks to preserve something and respects tradition, we must bear in mind that traditions in different societies, which form some kind of moral imperatives, cannot be a single phenomenon due to different historical destinies and differing religious views. Considered from the point of view of religion, Muslim and Christian conservatism will be somewhat confrontational on some issues. The purpose of the work was to consider issues related to the role, evolution and prospects of conservative ideology in the political reform of modern countries. The author focuses on Russia and France. To achieve this goal, the method of in-depth interviews with experts on how they understand conservatism was chosen. Already today, conservatism is quite diverse. It is quite possible that in the future it will transform even more and acquire new reflections.

“We Speak the Truth!”

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-80
Author(s):  
Sari Hanafi
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Social Science ◽  
The Political ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
The Social ◽  
Academic Qualifications

This study investigates the preachers and their Friday sermons in Lebanon, raising the following questions: What are the profiles of preachers in Lebanon and their academic qualifications? What are the topics evoked in their sermons? In instances where they diagnosis and analyze the political and the social, what kind of arguments are used to persuade their audiences? What kind of contact do they have with the social sciences? It draws on forty-two semi-structured interviews with preachers and content analysis of 210 preachers’ Friday sermons, all conducted between 2012 and 2015 among Sunni and Shia mosques. Drawing from Max Weber’s typology, the analysis of Friday sermons shows that most of the preachers represent both the saint and the traditional, but rarely the scholar. While they are dealing extensively with political and social phenomena, rarely do they have knowledge of social science

Islamic and Jewish Religious Feminists Tackle Islamic and Jewish Oral Law: Maintenance and Rebellion of Wives

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-63
Author(s):  
Ruth Roded
Keyword(s):  
State Policy ◽  
Political System ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Jewish Law ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Parallel Case ◽  
First Time

Beginning in the early 1970s, Jewish and Muslim feminists, tackled “oral law”—Mishna and Talmud, in Judaism, and the parallel Hadith and Fiqh in Islam, and several analogous methodologies were devised. A parallel case study of maintenance and rebellion of wives —mezonoteha, moredet al ba?ala; nafaqa al-mar?a and nush?z—in classical Jewish and Islamic oral law demonstrates similarities in content and discourse. Differences between the two, however, were found in the application of oral law to daily life, as reflected in “responsa”—piskei halacha and fatwas. In modern times, as the state became more involved in regulating maintenance and disobedience, and Jewish law was backed for the first time in history by a state, state policy and implementation were influenced by the political system and socioeconomic circumstances of the country. Despite their similar origin in oral law, maintenance and rebellion have divergent relevance to modern Jews and Muslims.

NON-TRADITIONAL RELIGIOSITY IN THE POLITICAL SPACE OF THE MODERN WORLD

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Валерия Игоревна Семенова
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Space ◽  
Traditional Religions

В данной статье автором рассматриваются особенности восприятия и понимания нетрадиционной религиозности, возможности диалога традиционных и нетрадиционных религий, перспективы их взаимоотношений, намечаются пути разрешения возможных конфликтов между ними. Особое внимание уделяется функционированию нетрадиционных религий в политическом пространстве, отношению к ним государства. In this article, the author examines the peculiarities of perception and understanding of non-traditional religiosity, the possibility of dialogue between traditional and non-traditional religions, the prospects for their relationship, and outlines ways to resolve possible conflicts between them. Special attention is paid to the functioning of non-traditional religions in the political space and the attitude of the state to them.

On the Power of the Object

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liubov Vetoshkina ◽  
Yrjö Engeström ◽  
Annalisa Sannino
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Political ◽  
Material Objects ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Work Activities ◽  
Skilled Performance ◽  
Rich Domain ◽  
Boat Building ◽  
Building Activity ◽  
History Of

By skillfully shaping and producing objects human beings externalize and make real their future-oriented imaginaries and visions. Material objects created by skilled performance make human lifeworlds durable. From the point of view of history making, wooden boat building is a particularly rich domain of skilled performance. This chapter is based on two research sites, one in Finland and the other in Russia. The analysis is divided into four layers or threads of history making, namely personal history, the history of the wooden boat community, the political history of the nations and their relations, and the history of the boats themselves as objects of boat-building activity. The chapter ends by discussing our findings and their implications for the understanding of skilled performance and history making in work activities and organizations.

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