scholarly journals Młode pokolenie wobec pracy, konsumpcji oraz sukcesu

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 15-31
Author(s):  
Joanna Wardzała
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Consumer Society ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Consumer Behaviors ◽  
Applicable Law ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject

The young generation in terms of work, consumption and success  The subject matter of the young generation in the social context has been repeatedly examined and many studies have been prepared on this topic, for example the works of K. Wyka and earlier K. Manheim. Increasingly, the issue of the younger generation is discussed in the area of issues related to consumption and work. The article is of a theoretical and empirical nature; it is an attempt to portray the young generation in its two most important roles on the market — the consumer and the entrepreneur. It is an introductory element to the problems of consumer behaviors and entrepreneurial behaviors of the young generation. The publication draws attention to the expectations of the young generation about the applicable law and the economy. The first part of the article is characterized by sociological considerations and serves to determine the meaning of the young generation in consumer society, in particular, to outline the framework of youth, which in literature is sometimes defined not only by age categories. It is also an interdisciplinary review of theories, both those created in the past and those quite contemporary. In the second part, it refers to the results of qualitative research relating to the opinions and expectations of the young generation about consumption, work and success.  

Sexuality in Nineteenth-Century England: the social context of illegitimacy in rural Kent

Rural History ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Reay
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
General Phenomenon ◽  
Local Study ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject

More bad history has been written about sex than any other subject. Our ignorance about the sexual attitudes and behaviour of people in the past is compounded by a desire to rush to rash generalisation. This is unfortunate, for (consciously or not) our perceptions of the present are shaped by our assumptions about the past. Britain's current preoccupation with ‘Victorian values’ is but a politically visible example of a more general phenomenon. And, more specifically, we do not know a great deal about lower-class sexuality in nineteenth-century England. There are studies of bourgeois desires and sensibilities, but little on the mores of the vast bulk of the population.As Jean Robin has demonstrated recently, one of the most fruitful approaches to the subject is the detailed local study – the micro-study. It may not appeal to those with a penchant for the broad sweep, but such an approach can provide a useful entry into the sexual habits of the people of the past. This article is intended as a follow-up to Robin's work. It deals with a part of rural Kent and, like Robin's work, it covers an aspect of nineteenth-century sexuality – in this case, the social context of illegitimacy. More particularly, this study (and here I differ from Robin) will question the usefulness of the concept of a ‘bastardy-prone sub-society’ (more of which later), a term still favoured by many historical sociologists. The experience of rural Kent suggests that bearing children outside marriage should be seen not as a form of deviancy but rather as part of normal sexual culture.

‘Some of Our People can be the Most Difficult’. Reflections on Difficult Interviews

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Sam Pryke
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Complex Matter

This article questions the methodological convention in the social sciences that the interviewer must never disagree with a respondent in qualitative research. The issue arose during research on the British Serbian community when some participants sought to justify, exculpate or reject Serbian liability for atrocity. My initial response not to demur but to simply move onto the next question morally tainted the research, as it seemed to collud in a denial of Serbian responsibility for atrocity in an understanding of war (1991-99) in which the Serbs were always the victim. I discuss, through an extended excerpt from an interview conducted later in the research, my attempt to challenge respondents over this claim. I set the moral and methodological case to object to the denial of atrocity against the practical dangers present in doing so: the risk of a loosing track of the spine of a prepared script of questions as a fruitless argument develops and the intricacies of the subject matter are exposed. But I also allow for an interpretation that would suggest that my response was altogether too cautious. My conclusion, such as one can make one about such a complex matter, is that to object in such a kind of instance is legitimate.

scholarly journals Instrumental approach towards tradition in the conceptual and social contexts

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Dmitry Vladimirovich Rakhinsky ◽  
Grigorii Andreevich Illarionov ◽  
Anna Nikolaevna Gorodishcheva ◽  
Nikolai Alekseevich Knyazev
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Cross Effect ◽  
Instrumental Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
The Subject

  The subject of this research is the dynamics of conceptualization of the phenomenon of cultural reproduction, expressed in the concepts of tradition and cultural memory, as well as the related concepts of the invention of tradition, historical memory, and post-truth. The article analyzes the transformation of epistemological approach that took place in the late XX century towards reproduction of culture, reflected in the change of the fundamental conceptual metaphor – from “delivery”(traditio) to “memory”, which means a shift in the dominant approach towards the structure of cultural continuum that appears to be attributed not to the objective reproducible content, rather than its construction by the subject. It is suggested to examine the questions of current interrelation between post-truth and public consciousness. The author creates an instrumental approach towards tradition, which is characterized by pragmatism expressed in the intention towards management of social relations, where tradition is a tool for managing the present through the formation of representations about the past, and constructivism, which implies that tradition is a construct of perception formed in the present, not reflecting the past itself. Being internalized in a broad social context, the instrumental approach is realized within the framework of the state of post-truth, which does not consider the past crucial for the formation of public opinion compared to other personal beliefs, as well as management methods applied to the latter. Problematization of the theme of post-truth demonstrates the internalization of instrumental approach into a broad social context, indicating the cross-effect pf epistemological and general cultural social context with regards to problem of interrelation between the social past and the present.  

Cash benefits from social assistance in the light of the jurisprudence of administrative courts – selected problems. Part 2

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-190
Author(s):  
Sywia Łakoma
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Social Assistance ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Life Situation ◽  
Financial Capacity ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Cash Benefits ◽  
Administrative Courts

The aim of this study is to present social assistance benefits in cash in terms of the jurisprudence of administrative courts. The analysis of the provisions of the Act on Social Assistance and the case law related to the indicated subject matter confirms that the granting of optional benefits in cash – which are the subject of this part of the article – takes place under administrative approval. As a result, meeting the positive prerequisites for a given benefit, with the simultaneous lack of negative prerequisites, does not have to mean that the expected aid is to be obtained. In this case, the principles and objectives of social assistance, including the principle of subsidiarity, are of a great importance. This principle results, first of all, in the obligation to independently undertake actions – by persons or families interested in receiving assistance – in order to overcome a difficult life situation. Only when this is not possible, support is provided by social assistance bodies. Then, however, great importance – which is emphasized in the judicature – is attached to the cooperation of individuals or families with social assistance bodies. The jurisprudence presented in the study also confirms that the significance for granting optional benefits is the use by an individual in the past or at the time of applying for of other social assistance specific benefits. These circumstances, in the best case, may affect the amount of the benefit granted, but may also result in refusal of performing its payment, among others, due to the justified needs of other people. Additionally, the judicature points out that the refusal to grant optional cash benefits may also be affected by the limited financial capacity of the social assistance body (Article 3 (4) of the Act on Social Assistance). This is one of the elements that distinguish these benefits from obligatory benefits in cash, including, in particular, the periodic allowance, where the limited financial capacity of the social assistance body may only affect the amount of the benefit, but may not be the basis for refusal to grant it.

scholarly journals A infância no filme O Contador de Histórias: uma abordagem sociológica

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Sônia Maria Fernandes dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
Strong Potential ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Sociology Of Childhood

Este artigo pretende suscitar reflexão a respeito das diferentes formas em que a criança é percebida nas produções cinematográficas, particularmente na película O contador de histórias (2009), na tentativa de contribuir para o repertório de investigações sobre infância, bem como tentar compreender padrões sociais e de comportamentos no que se refere à infância e sua história – uma vez que muitos aspectos da infância contemporânea descendem do passado. Os estudos sobre infância alcançaram uma dimensão significativa e, com isso, têm proporcionado contribuições expressivas sob diversos enfoques, neste sentido, faz-se necessário estudar a infância, em perspectivas variadas, para tentarmos perceber os diferentes fenômenos sociais que dizem respeito à construção do sujeito criança. A escolha em repousar nossas análises em um filme é por acreditar que pelos filmes há a possibilidade da construção de representações sociais, bem como um forte potencial para influenciar comportamentos, isto é, os filmes têm a qualidade de registrar o passado e o contexto social e também de criar reminiscências históricas próprias. O aporte teórico para este estudo está baseado na Sociologia da Infância, uma vez que este campo “...insere-se decisivamente na construção da reflexividade contemporânea sobre a realidade social”, e devido ao fato que “as crianças constituem uma porta de entrada fundamental para a compreensão dessa realidade” (SARMENTO, 2009, p. 19). The childhood in the film O Contador de Histórias: a sociological approach. This article aims to encourage reflexion about the differents ways in which children is noticed in cinematographic productions, especially in the film O contador de histórias (Luiz Villaça, Brazil, 2009), in an attempt to contribute to the research's repertoire of childhood, as well as try to understand social and behaviour standarts regarding childhoos and it's history - once that many childhood contemporary's aspects descendants of the past. The studies about childhood reached a significative dimension and, with that, have provided significant contributions under various focuses, in this sense, it's necessary to study childhood, in different perspectives, to try to understand the different social phenomena that relate to the construction of the subject child. The choice to rest our analysis in a movie is to believe that the films are the possibility of social representation's constrution, as well as a strong potential to influence behaviour, that is, films have the quality to record the past and the social context, but also, to create own historical reminiscences. The theoretical basis for this study is based on the Sociology of Childhood, since this field "...inserts decisively in the construction of modern reflexivity of social reality" and, due to the fact that "children form a fundamental gateaway to the understanding of this reality" (SARMENTO, 2009, p. 19). Keywords: Childhood; Cinema; Childhood's Sociology.

Creativity, spirituality and society: a study in preservation of Ikenga and Ọfọ sculptures in contemporary Igbo society

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Chukwudi Isiani ◽  
Ngozika Anthonia Obi-Ani ◽  
Chikelue Chris Akabuike ◽  
Stanley Jachike Onyemechalu ◽  
Sochima P. Okafor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject

PurposeThe overall aim of this research is to interpret Ikenga and Ofo creativity as it is revered in Igbo societies. Igbo creativity, especially interpreted through material culture, suffers the threat of extinction resulting from the forces of modernity. Forces of modernisation, which appear in the personae of Christianity, education, urbanisation and industrialisation, denigrated indigenous creativity, brandishing them as devious, fetish and primitive. Ironically, in most cases, the drivers of such narratives keep these “fetish” items in their museums and will give a lot to preserve them.Design/methodology/approachThis study centred mostly on several communities in the Nsukka area of Igboland, Nigeria. It relied on both primary and secondary sources of historical enquiry. This qualitative research discussed the nuances of the subject matter as it relates to Igbo cosmos. These approaches involved visiting the study area and conducting personal interviews.FindingsArchaeologists do often rely on material culture to study, periodise and date past human societies. In this study, it is found that material culture, an expression of indigenous creativity, best interprets how society survived or related with their environment. This paper examined two Igbo sculpted artefacts – Ikenga and Ofo – while unearthing the intricacies in Igbo cosmology as regards creativity, spirituality and society.Originality/valueThe shapes, motifs, patterns and designs depict an imaginary history, the intellectualism of the past and even the present. This serves as an objective alternative to the twisted colonial narrative on Igbo material culture and consequently contribute to ongoing efforts to preserve, protect and promote cultural heritage resources in this part of the world.

scholarly journals In the grip of betrayed expectations

2005 ◽  
pp. 75-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isidora Jaric
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Young People ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Planning Strategy ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Future Improvement ◽  
Common Strategy ◽  
Personal Engagement

The paper discusses the position of young people in Serbia today, as can be inferred from the evidence collected in the study "Politics and everyday life - three years later". Starting from the typology she developed in her 2002 analysis of young people?s interviews (when four basic ways of self-positioning within the social context were identified: "B92 generation", "provincials", "fundamentalists", and "guests"), the author traces the changes that have intervened over the past three years in the attitudes of these same respondents concerning politics, personal engagement, views of the future and of their own selves. The fact that the expectations, awakened by the events of 5 October 2000, have been betrayed, has brought strong disappointment, and it is the context in which young people in Serbia once again are losing faith that they will ever find their place in their own society. Against the background of a basic tension in relation to politics - between excessive interest and disgust - there basic strategies of young people in 2005 are formed. "Withdrawal", as the most common strategy, indicates a return of the young to their narrow personal, private, imaginary world, after a short exit into reality and active participation in creating the conditions of their own social existence. The increasingly frequent strategy of "aggression and imposition of one?s own worldview" points to the rising radicalization of the young generation. Finally, it is only the "planning strategy", espoused by just a handful of respondents, that retains traces of faith in future improvement of social conditions.

A World View of Bioculturally Modified Teeth

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Personal Identity ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
World View ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject

The subject of this volume is intentional dental modification—changing the human appearance by removing teeth, or otherwise altering their shape, surface, or color. It has been practiced, in one form or another, on every occupied continent at some point over the past 16,000 years. The contributions in this volume encompass a diverse body of work on the subject over this timespan, from Africa, Europe, the Americas, Australia, Oceania, and Asia. As a highly visible practice, dental modification may be used to send complex messages concerning a variety of topics, including status, personal identity, and group membership. But beyond this, the difficulties in identifying purposefully modified teeth, the motivations for and biocultural consequences of the practice, and even the social context in which it still occurs today are presented. As a body of work, the aim is to capture a representative spectrum of dental modification around the world, and the variety of ways in which it can inform us about the humans occupying those regions, both past and present.

Pakistan’s Development: Successes, Failures, and Future Tasks (Presidential Remarks)

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (4I) ◽  
pp. 321-331
Author(s):  
Sarfraz Khan Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
General Meeting ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Golden Jubilee ◽  
Freedom Movement ◽  
Past Half ◽  
Do So

It is an honour for me as President of the Pakistan Society of Development Economists to welcome you to the 13th Annual General Meeting and Conference of the Society. I consider it a great privilege to do so as this Meeting coincides with the Golden Jubilee celebrations of the state of Pakistan, a state which emerged on the map of the postwar world as a result of the Muslim freedom movement in the Indian Subcontinent. Fifty years to the date, we have been jubilant about it, and both as citizens of Pakistan and professionals in the social sciences we have also been thoughtful about it. We are trying to see what development has meant in Pakistan in the past half century. As there are so many dimensions that the subject has now come to have since its rather simplistic beginnings, we thought the Golden Jubilee of Pakistan to be an appropriate occasion for such stock-taking.

Potencjał kooperacji turystycznej i piłkarskiej w państwach Grupy Wyszehradzkiej

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 351-375
Author(s):  
Mateusz Rafał ◽  
Dominik Borek
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Social Initiative ◽  
Cultural Proximity ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Potential ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
Visegrad Group ◽  
Visegrád Countries

This article takes up the innovatory subject of cooperation in the field of football and the tourism sector by the Visegrad Group states. The subject matter of this study has not been widely discussed in the literature, hence most of de lege ferenda postulates are open to further discussion. The current Visegrad Group was created as a political project, not an evolutionary social initiative. This does not mean, however, that the societies of its member states are significantly different from each other, and the structure itself is exotic. The benefits of an extended cooperation, which seems not to have an alternative, for all the participants are fully understood. Therefore, the direction of common thinking about maximizing profits in the developing sector of tourism, and making the most of the social potential of football, can be an attractive platform for international dialogue and extended cooperation among the V4 countries. The baggage of history, geographic and cultural proximity, the migration crisis, as well as the imperialist policy of the neighbouring Russia effectively motivate to strengthen cooperation and create stronger mechanisms with each other. It is indisputable that the tendencies for cooperation in the Visegrad countries are not a novelty.

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