scholarly journals Estudio cualitativo sobre el conocimiento de los riesgos de la salud visual asociados con la Diabetes tipo II en Lagos, Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Valerie Onyinyechi Umaefulam
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Type Ii Diabetics

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a major public health problem and its burden is expected to increase in developing countries such as Nigeria. One of the most frequent complications of type II diabetes is diabetic retinopathy, and a major cause of blindness worldwide especially among adults. Objective: To determine the awareness of diabetes – related eye health risks and complications among type II diabetics in Lagos, Nigeria. Method: The study was carried out in Rhowil Medical Centre in Lagos, Nigeria and adopted qualitative methodology. Data was collected via semi-structured interviews. Interviews were carried out on nine type II diabetes patients above the age of eighteen via purposive sampling. The interviews were analyzed based on Kvale’s framework for the qualitative data analysis. Results: Knowledge of diabetes, sources of information, cultural health beliefs and practices, and communication were themes that emerged from the thematic analysis. The data revealed significant gaps in awareness of diabetes-related eye complications amongst type II diabetics. Data showed poor knowledge of diabetes-related eye diseases and of inadequate awareness of the connection between diabetes and ocular complications. Also, education, health literacy and communication barrier problems between health professionals and diabetic patients were also evident. In addition, sources of information on diabetes and eye care, as well as health beliefs influenced awareness. Conclusion: Findings from this study can inform strategic plans of public health authorities in addressing the growing diabetes epidemic by developing effective health education programs with the aim to increase awareness amongst people living with diabetes in the region.

scholarly journals An exploratory study into the health beliefs and behaviours of British Indians with type II diabetes

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (01) ◽  
pp. 97-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishal Patel ◽  
Steve Iliffe
Keyword(s):  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
South Asians ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
North West

Aim To explore the influence of health beliefs and behaviours on diabetes management in British Indians, as successful management of diabetes is dependent on underlying cultural beliefs and behaviours. Background British South Asians are six times more likely to suffer from type II diabetes than those in the general population. Yet, little research has been carried out into beliefs about diabetes among the British Indian population. Method The study used semi-structured interviews, a structured vignette and a pile-sorting exercise. In all, 10 British Indians were interviewed at a General Practice in North West London. Findings Those interviewed were informed about their diabetes but had difficulties in adapting their diet. Themes identified included causal beliefs of diabetes, use of alternative therapies, moderation of food, adaption of exercise regimes and sources of information. All were aware of avoiding certain foods yet some still continued to consume these items. Participants expressed the need for culturally sensitive forums to help manage their diabetes.

scholarly journals Does glycaemic status influence quality of life of type II diabetes patients: an exploratory study in Mysuru, Karnataka, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Savitha Rani B. B. ◽  
Ashok N. C. ◽  
Praveen Kulkarni ◽  
Renuka M.
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Glycemic Status ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Diabetes Status

Background: Type II diabetes is a major public health problem in India. The epidemiological shift of the disease towards younger and middle aged individuals has resulted in longer duration of life with diabetes among the patients. Diabetes being a lifestyle disease, requiring robust behavioural and social adjustments influences the quality of life of an individual to a largest extent.Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted among 200 type II diabetic patients attending JSS Hospital, Mysuru for a period of one year. Information regarding socio-demographic characteristics like gender, education, occupation was collected in a pretested   proforma by interview technique. Assessment of Quality of life was done using the WHO BREF questionnaire. Glycemic status of subjects was assessed using glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1C) levels. The Data entry and Statistical analysis were done using Microsoft Excel and SPSS 22version. Descriptive statistics like mean and standard deviation of QOL calculated and analysed with Sociodemographic variables, inferential statistics like Chi-square and Man-Whitney U test was done.Results: Among 200 study participants majority, 53.5% belonged to age group of 41-60 years, 57.5% were males, 67.5% belonged to lower socio economic class according to BG Prasad classification, 85% were married, 51% were Obese, 44.5% were having family history of diabetes, 48% were having Hypertension, 68.5% were on oral hypoglycemic, 10.5% were on Insulin, 20.5% were on both oral hypoglycaemic and Insulin. Overall Quality of Life was poor in 114 (57%), 114 (57%) had Poor Physical QoL score, 109 (54.5%) had poor psychological QoL score, 108 (54%) had poor social QoL score and 113 (56.5%) had poor environmental QoL score and 87 (43.5%). Median score of overall score of QoL was less in uncontrolled diabetes when compared to controlled diabetes status, this difference was statistically significance (P value- 0.04).Conclusions: Patients with type 2 diabetes have a substantially lower quality of life. QOL was poorer in subjects with uncontrolled glycemic status compared those with good diabetic control.

scholarly journals Structural, Dermal and Ungual Characteristics of the Foot in Patients with Type II Diabetes

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalez-Martin ◽  
Pertega-Diaz ◽  
Seoane-Pillado ◽  
Balboa-Barreiro ◽  
Soto-Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Kappa Index ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Flat Feet

Background and Objectives: Diabetes is a chronic and metabolic disease, considered as an important public health problem. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of podiatric pathology in type II diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: An observational descriptive study of prevalence in the endocrinology service of Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC) (A Coruña-Spain) was carried out (n = 153). Type II diabetic patients included, of legal age who signed the informed consent. Sociodemographic variables were studied (age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking habit, alcohol consumption, family history), disease variables (time of evolution of diabetes, treatments, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), glucose), podiatric variables: measurement of the footprint, metatarsal and digital formula, nail, skin, hindfoot and forefoot alterations. The data collection was done in 2018 and the data analysis was carried out in 2019. Results: The patients with type II diabetes had greater age, obesity and arterial hypertension it compared to the general population. Diabetic patients had a higher prevalence of flat feet than the general population (71.2% vs. 20.7%, p < 0.001), with a predominance of normal foot according to the podoscope. The predominant podological pathology was the presence of claw toes (94.8%), followed by dermal (78.4%) and nail (71.9%) alterations, and the Hallux Valgus (66.0%). The Clarke angle and the Chippaux index showed a Kappa concordance index of 0.26 with the type of footprint measured with the podoscope. The Staheli index showed a Kappa index of 0.27 associated with an observed agreement of 54%. Conclusions: This study shows that foot problems continue to be prevalent in subjects with type II diabetes mellitus and for this reason, podiatry is essential in its treatment.

Insulin and leptin relations in obesity: a multimedia approach

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela K. Yokaichiya ◽  
Eduardo Galembeck ◽  
Bayardo B. Torres ◽  
José Antônio Da Silva ◽  
Daniele R. de Araujo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Teaching Assistants ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Educational Tool ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Design Software ◽  
Evaluation Survey

Obesity has been recognized as a worldwide public health problem. It significantly increases the chances of developing several diseases, including Type II diabetes. The roles of insulin and leptin in obesity involve reactions that can be better understood when they are presented step by step. The aim of this work was to design software with data from some of the most recent publications on obesity, especially those concerning the roles of insulin and leptin in this metabolic disturbance. The most notable characteristic of this software is the use of animations representing the cellular response together with the presentation of recently discovered mechanisms on the participation of insulin and leptin in processes leading to obesity. The software was field tested in the Biochemistry of Nutrition web-based course. After using the software and discussing its contents in chatrooms, students were asked to answer an evaluation survey about the whole activity and the usefulness of the software within the learning process. The teaching assistants (TA) evaluated the software as a tool to help in the teaching process. The students' and TAs' satisfaction was very evident and encouraged us to move forward with the software development and to improve the use of this kind of educational tool in biochemistry classes.

Assessment of Maxillary and Mandibular Bone Density in Controlled Type II Diabetes: A Computed Tomography Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanju John Jolly ◽  
Chethan Hegde ◽  
N. Sridhar Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Bone Density ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Hounsfield Units ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin Level ◽  
Type Ii Diabetics ◽  
Cortical Regions

This study was undertaken to compare the bone density in nondiabetic and controlled type II diabetes patients using spiral computed tomography. A group of 40 edentulous men, comprising of 20 nondiabetics and 20 controlled type II diabetics between the ages of 50–65 years, were enrolled in the study. Glycemic control of the diabetic patients was assessed by glycosylated hemoglobin level. The controlled diabetic group had an HbA1c level between 6.1–8%. A radiographic stent was prepared by using chemically cured resin. Bone densities at trabecular, buccal, and lingual cortical regions of maxillary and mandibular edentulous arches were measured by a tomography machine. Mean bone density measurements were recorded in Hounsfield units. The data thus obtained from 10 sites of maxillary and mandibular arches were tabulated and analyzed using SPSS statistical software. This study showed no significant changes in bone density between the controlled diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. Within the limitation of this study, it can be concluded that bone density does not seem to be affected in controlled type II diabetics.

Obesity But not Hypertension Is the Major Determinant of Endothelial Activation in Type II Diabetes.

Hypertension ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 36 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 724-724
Author(s):  
Geoff D Braatvedt ◽  
Warwick Bagg ◽  
Giovambattista Desideri ◽  
G Gamble ◽  
Paul Ockleford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Metabolic Control ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Endothelial Activation ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
No Production ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Type Ii Diabetics

P174 In order to evaluate the independent role of hypertension and other risk factors in promoting endothelial activation in type II diabetes, several markers of endothelial damage were studied in 43 type II diabetic patients (24 F,30-65 ys), before and after the random assignment to a 20-week period of either aggressive (AC, n=20) or usual (UC, n=22) metabolic control. Compared to matched controls (n=15) type II diabetic patients showed a significant (p<0.05 or less) elevation of circulating P-selectin, E-selectin, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and Endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels and a simultaneos decrement of total nitric oxide(NO). Multivariate analysis showed that only BMI not dependently influenced (p=0.01 or less) E-selectin, ICAM-1 and total NO, with a trend for P-selectin levels (p=0.06). Accordingly, basal BMI correlated with ICAM-1 (r=0.45, p=0.003), E-selectin (r=0.41, p=0.007) and P-selectin (r=0.34, p=0.02). In addition, P-selectin and E-selectin resulted higher(p<0.03), while total NO lower (p=0.0001), in the 26 patients with a BMI >28 kg/m 2 (33.4±0.7 kg/m 2 ) than in the non-obese ones (BMI=24.8±0.6 kg/m 2 ). These latter showed similar endothelial adhesin, ET-1 and NO levels than controls. Age, race, gender, blood pressure, albumin excretion and all metabolic variables with the exclusion of BMI did not predict endothelial factor levels. Hypertensive (i.e. blood pressure >140/90 mmHg) and normotensive diabetic patients had similar levels of circulating adhesins, ET-1 and NO. AC was followed by a significant reduction of plasma E-selectin (p=0.04) and HbA 1c levels (-2.2%, 95% CI 1.5 to 2.9%, p=0.0001). E-selectin decrements correlated with HbA 1c changes after 20 weeks in AC (r=0.42, p=0.01). In conclusion,E-selectin reduction after AC suggests metabolic control may influence endothelial activation in type II diabetics. However, multivariate analysis showed that only obesity influenced the whole endothelium. Surprisingly, neither blood pressure nor other well-recognized cardiovascular risk factors influenced endothelial adhesins, ET-1 and NO production. Thus, central obesity is the main determinant of endothelial activation in type II diabetics.

Exercise in the treatment of type II diabetes

1983 ◽  
Vol 104 (4_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S107-S111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veikko A. Koivisto ◽  
Ralph A. DeFronzo
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Dietary Therapy ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Type Ii Diabetics

ABSTRACT. There are only a few studies evaluating the role of physical exercise in the treatment of type II diabetes. These data indicate that during acute exercise, plasma glucose levels decline more in type II diabetics than in healthy subjects and hyperinsulinemia is dimenished. During physical training, insulin sensitivity is enchanced, hyperinsulinemia can be reduced and serum lipid profile is changed to a more antiatherogenic direction. An improvment in oral glucose tolerance is shown to occur in some, but not in all patients after training. In obese type II diabetics physical training with dietary therapy can help to reduce weight. Based on these potential benefits, physical exercise can be recommended to type II diabetic patients bearing in mind that the exercise program should be adjusted according to the physical fitness of the patient.

scholarly journals Relationship between Diabetic Retinopathy, and Diabetic Nephropathy

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
Purabi Rani Debnath ◽  
Dilip Kumar Debnath ◽  
Narayan Chandra Bhowmik
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Department Of Ophthalmology ◽  
The Relationship

Diabetic nephropathy is accountable for nearly third of the world cases of last step of renal disease; it becomes a major public health problem with social and economic burden. To assess the relationship between Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Nephropathy in Type II Diabetes Mellitus patients.  The present study was a cross sectional study conducted in the department of Ophthalmology at BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka, over a period of 12 months during  March 2018- February’ 2019 and were assess for the relationship between Retinopathy and Nephropathy. All patients of Type II Diabetes Mellitus patients with Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Nephropathy were included in the study. Majority (64.0%) patients had diabetic nephropathy and 36(36.0%) had not diabetic nephropathy. Almost three fourth (73.4%) patients was found diabetic retinopathy in diabetic retinopathy and 27(54.0%) in without diabetic retinopathy. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.05) between two group. This study suggests that Diabetic Nephropathy has a significant association with the presence of Diabetic Retinopathy in persons with Type II DM. Bangladesh Med J. 2019 May; 48 (2): 24-27

scholarly journals Diabetes mellitus as a public health problem; a mini-review on the occasion of world diabetes day 2018 with regard to nephrology

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-82
Author(s):  
Zaher Khazaei ◽  
Malihe Sohrabivafa ◽  
Abolfazl Marvi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Regular Screening

Type II diabetes is predominantly preventable and managing diabetes by using standard protocols and measures such as promoting healthy living, self-care education in patients, regular screening, with the aim of early diagnosis of disease and its treatment is necessary. These modalities can potentially prevent complications and premature death due to diabetes. Therefore, according to increasing prevalence of diabetes in Iran, along with the growth of aging and lifestyle changes towards urbanization and inactivity, it is necessary to plan for the prevention, care and screening of diabetes in rural areas, especially in the cities, which still have a large proportion of unknown patients.

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