Reconsidering the ‘Decline’ of Dental Student Empathy within the Course in Latin America

Introduction: The controversy over the presence of empathic decline within the course in students of medicine, dentistry and health sciences in general, has not fully been studied. This controversy could be partially solved if massive studies of empathy levels are made in similar cultural, social and economic contexts.Material and Methods: Empathy levels within the course were studied in eighteen dental schools from six countries in Latin America (2013). The mean of the empathy levels were used to study the behavior between first and fifth academic years. The values of empathy levels within the course were observed by applying the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy, the Spanish version. All these studies were cross-sectional. The value of means observed, were subjected to regression studies and further adjustment curves were obtained and the coefficient of determination were calculated.Results: Six different models of behavior were observed, which found that five of them suffer empathic decline within the course, but with different final results: in some the decline persists until the fifth academic year and in others, this decline ‘recovers’ persistently until the fifth academic year. The sixth model is characterized by a constant and persistent increase of levels of empathy within the course until the last academic year.Discussion: There are six different models for the behavior of means of levels of empathy within the course evaluated by a common methodology in eighteen dental schools from six countries of Latin America. These findings support the existence of variability of empathic response and a comprehensive approach is needed to find the causes that give rise to this variability.Conclusion: In dental students of Latin America, there is variability in the behavior of the distribution in means between the academic years of the dentistry schools examined in this study.

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Knowledge, Perceived Risk, and Preventive Behaviors amidst Covid-19 Pandemic among Dental Students in Malaysia

Dentistry Journal ◽

10.3390/dj9120151 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 151

Author(s):

Azlini Ismail ◽

Nur Hanisah Ismail ◽

Nur Yasrin Maisarah Abu Kassim ◽

Widya Lestari ◽

Ahmad Faisal Ismail ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Perceived Risk ◽

Knowledge Score ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dental Students ◽

Preventive Behavior ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Preventive Behaviors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Mean ◽

Dental Schools

Purpose: Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has affected dental education in Malaysia. However, studies on dental students’ knowledge, perception, and behaviors with regards to COVID-19 are very limited. Thus, this study aims to determine the knowledge status, perceived risk, and preventive behaviors of dental students in Malaysia regarding COVID-19. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among students from 13 dental schools across Malaysia using online questionnaires. Results: From 355 respondents, 93.5% obtained a high score of knowledge of COVID-19. Female respondents scored higher than males in perceived risks and preventive behaviors. Chinese respondents scored highest in knowledge, while Malay respondents had the highest perceived risk score. The mean preventive behavior score did not vary across ethnicity. On-campus students scored higher in knowledge and perceived risk whereas off-campus students practiced more preventive behaviors. Clinical students’ knowledge score was higher than preclinical students. Final year students scored higher in knowledge and perceived risk compared to their juniors. Conclusion: The majority of dental students have good knowledge and a high perceived risk of COVID-19, and they practiced most of the preventive behaviors. However, the latest information on this disease should be incorporated into dental schools’ curriculums and updated periodically.

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ANTICIPATED SOURCE OF STRESS AMONG DENTAL COLLEGE STUDENTS DURING COVID 19

10.36106/gjra/6301573 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 48-50

Author(s):

Harish Kancharla ◽

Pawan Krishna Murti ◽

D. Ashwani Lahari ◽

S.S. Sandeep Kumar

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dental Students ◽

Dental School ◽

Dental Student ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Study Materials ◽

Positive Learning Environment ◽

Study Population ◽

Set Up ◽

Dental Schools

Background: Identication of the expected wellsprings of stress is signicant in dental instruction program, as it offers freedom to take different measures to forestall pressure in the dental school climate. The purpose of the present study was to address various sources of stress among dental students during covid 19 pandemic and its relation with gender and year of the study. Materials and Methods: rd th A questionnaire based cross-sectional study was conducted among 3 and 4 year students of a dental school. Questionnaire used in the study comprised the modied version of the questionnaire used in Dental Environmental Stress. A four-point Likert scale was used to record the responses from the subjects. A total of 180 subjects participated in the study. The collected data was statistically analyzed by descriptive statistics and Independent t test using SPPSS 21.0 version. Results: th Among the participants, 22% (40) were males and 78% (140) were females. 72 %( 130) were from 4 year while 28 %( rd 50%) were from 3 year. Majority of the study population were having fear of failing (64.7%), exam and grade stress (71.8%), stress for completion of clinical quota (71.2%), and stress for clinical set up (61.9%). Mean stress scores were signicantly related to gender of students. Conclusion: Prevalence of anticipated source of stress was high among dental student. This study highlight the need to implement a positive learning environment by employing strategies to combat the high levels of stress prevalent in dental schools.

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To Evaluate The Self-Apprehension Of Dental Students About Their Own Smile Aesthetics

Journal of Bahria University Medical and Dental College ◽

10.51985/jbumdc2018053 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 08 (04) ◽

pp. 236-240

Author(s):

Farzana Memon ◽

Salwa Memon ◽

Muhammad Muslim Khahro ◽

Abdul Salam Memon

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Observational Study ◽

Dental Students ◽

Descriptive Statistics ◽

The Self ◽

Dental Student ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dental Appearance ◽

Level Of Significance ◽

Smile Aesthetics

Objective: This cross-sectional observational study was accomplished at Isra University to evaluate the self-apprehension of dental students related to their own smile. Material and Methods: This study was comprised of 166 dental students belonging to both genders. A structured selfadministered questionnaire was used to conduct a survey among undergraduate dental students at all study levels in Isra University. Questionnaire was designed to observe the self-apprehension and satisfaction of students with reference to their dental appearance. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics via 21st version of SPSS. 0.05% was established as the level of significance. Results: 166 students (32 males and 134 females) participated in this survey. 32.5% students were shy as against 91.6% students who were bold at smiling in public. 55.4% students preferred to be photographed from side pose while 69.9% were inspired by other’s smile. In terms of teeth dimensions, 60.2%, 54.8% and 46.4% students were gratified with the length, breadth and form of their teeth respectively. Conclusion: This study concludes that greater number of dental student were self-assured regarding their apprehension on their own dental appearance. Majority of the females though contented with the dimensions and contour of their teeth, urged to have lighter teeth.

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Perceptions of Clinical Dental Students Toward Online Education During the COVID-19 Crisis: An Egyptian Multicenter Cross-Sectional Survey

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.704179 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Reham Hassan ◽

Ayman R. Khalifa ◽

Tarek Elsewify ◽

Mohamed G. Hassan

Keyword(s):

Distance Learning ◽

Online Education ◽

Online Teaching ◽

Online Survey ◽

Clinical Skills ◽

Dental Education ◽

Hybrid Approach ◽

Dental Students ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dental Schools

Objectives: To evaluate the perceptions of clinical dental students on the role of online education in providing dental education during the COVID-19 crisis.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was sent to four Egyptian dental schools from the 20th of January 2021 to the 3rd of February 2021. Survey questions included the demographics, uses, experiences, perceived benefits, and barriers of distance learning in dentistry during the COVID-19 pandemic. Responses were collected from the clinical dental school students. Categorical data were presented as frequencies (n) and percentages (%) and were analyzed using Fisher’s exact test.Results: Three hundred thirty-seven clinical dental students across four Egyptian dental schools responded. Most students used either Google Classroom or Microsoft Teams to access the online content. The data showed that the COVID-19 pandemic affected the academic performance of most participants (97.4%) with varying degrees. On average, students were neutral when asked to rate the online lectures, but did not find online practical education as effective (81.3%) as online theoretical teaching. The commonly described barriers to online teaching included loss of interaction with educators, inappropriateness in gaining clinical skills, and the instability of the internet connection.Conclusion: Despite the reported benefits, clinical dental students in Egypt preferred the hybrid approach in dental education as distance learning represented a prime challenge to gain adequate clinical dental skills.

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Comparing Empathy in Medical Students of two Portuguese Medicine Schools

10.21203/rs.2.13732/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Luiz Miguel Santiago ◽

Inês Rosendo Silva ◽

Mona Lisa Coutinho ◽

Kati Maurício ◽

Isabel Neto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Perspective Taking ◽

Health Sciences ◽

Female Students ◽

Compassionate Care ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Third ◽

Teaching Characteristics ◽

Empathy Score ◽

Physician Empathy ◽

Academic Year

Abstract Objectives To evaluate differences in empathy between the Integrated Master’s degree in Medicine (MIM) students from the Faculty of Medicine - University of Coimbra (FMUC) and the Faculty of Health Sciences - University of Beira Interior (FCS-UBI).Methodology Cross-sectional observational study with the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy – students’ Portuguese version (JSPE – spv) to 1st, 3rd and 6th year students of the 2017/2018 academic year with descriptive and inferential statistical analysis (p<0.05).Results Size representative sample of 795 students. Higher total empathy score (TES) (p=0.008) and "Perspective taking" (p=0.001) in FCS-UBI were found. JSPE-TES was higher in FCS-UBI, 3rd year (p=0.038). Higher FCS-UBI "Perspective taking" in the 1st year (p=0.030) and 6th year (p=0.044), for "Compassionate care" in the 3rd (p=0.019) and for "Standing in the patient’s shoes" in the 1st year (p=0.018) and in FMUC for "Compassionate care" in the 1st year (p=0.037) and the "Standing in the patient’s shoes" in the 3rd year (p=0.002) were found. Higher levels of empathy were found in FCS-UBI female students, for JSPE-TES (p=0.045) and "Perspective taking" (p=0.001).Conclusion Higher e mpathy levels in FCS-UBI were found, with different results in the third year suggesting influence of the medical course teaching characteristics.

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Depression, Anxiety and Stress among Dental Undergraduate Students: Prevalence, Stressors and Relieving Factors

IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia ◽

10.31436/imjm.v17i2.946 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Munirah Yaacob ◽

Nor Asilah Harun ◽

Farizah Ramli ◽

Hannah Abdul Razak ◽

Noor Aisyah Sajuni

Keyword(s):

Undergraduate Students ◽

Psychological Health ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dental Students ◽

Dental Student ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Stress Symptoms ◽

Stress Relieving

Aim: To investigate the depression, anxiety and stress, stressors and relieving factors among dental students at Kulliyyah of Dentistry (KOD). Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 222 dental students. Their socio-demographic data, self-reported depression, anxiety and stress (DASS-21) scores, causes and relieving factors were collected using validated semi-structured pre-tested questionnaires. The data was analysed using percentages, chi-square test and Binary logistic regression tests with SPSS version 24. Results: The prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress was 41%, 68.9% and 34.2% respectively. Cross analysis showed that academic-related and laboratory or clinical related reasons were significantly associated with the depressive symptoms [(X2= 15.86, p<0.0001) and (X2= 10.45, p=0.001) respectively] and stress symptoms [(X2= 19.95, p<0.0001) and (X2= 6.11, p<0.05) respectively] among dental student. Furthermore, the item ‘examination’ being the highest factor chosen in academic-related stressors. The response for stress-relieving factors was high for Islamic ritual prayer/spiritual activities (94.6%), sleeping (86.5%) and doing exercise/playing sports (76.1%), while ‘seeking professional help’ (19.8%) was the least. Conclusion: This study shows that depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms are prevalent among dental students. Islamic ritual prayer and involvement in spiritual related activities was found to be the most preferred way for students to relief stress. Hence, it is vital that the university continually evaluates the psychological health of the students, tailor preventive measures and spiritual related programs to help students to cope with stress.

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Central and Peripheral Obesity on Severity Knee Osteoarthritis

MAGNA MEDICA: Berkala Ilmiah Kedokteran dan Kesehatan ◽

10.26714/magnamed.1.3.2016.64-68 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 64

Author(s):

Refangga Lova Nusantara Efendi ◽

Zulfachmi Wahab ◽

M. Riza Setiawan

Keyword(s):

Knee Osteoarthritis ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Statistical Test ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Mean Deviation ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Linear Pattern ◽

Different Types ◽

The Mean

Background: Obesity can affect severity of knee osteoarthritis sufferers. Several studies have examined relationship between obesity and osteoarthritis, but no one has examined the different types of obesity on osteoarthritis, therefore, researchers wanted to know differences of central and peripheral obesity on severity osteoarthritis.Methods: A retrospective studi, with cross-sectional, simple random sampling method, conducted between 1 August 2014 and 30 September 2014 in Semarang City. Samples people > 50 years old. Data were analyzed by rank Spearman and Anova correlation.Results: In this study, 45.7% (n = 32) reported severe osteoarthritis. The results of the statistical test obtained p1 = 0,000 (reject Ho). The correlation coefficient (r) is 0.857 (strong), and the linear pattern is positive. The coefficient of determination (r2) is obtained (0.857) 2 = 0.73 = 73%. And 37.1% (N = 26) reported being obese. p2 = 0.043 (reject Ho). The mean deviation (MD) was 0.048 (not significant) between central obesity and peripheral obesity.Conclusion: Obesity affects severity of knee osteoarthritis. The greater body mass index, greater severity of knee osteoarthritis. 73% of severity of knee osteoarthritis is influenced by obesity, but there is no significant effect between central and peripheral obesity on the occurrence of knee osteoarthritis.

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Assessment of Nonresearch Industry Payments to Otolaryngologists in 2014 and 2015

Otolaryngology ◽

10.1177/0194599818758661 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 158 (6) ◽

pp. 1028-1034 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Neil Pathak ◽

Rance J. T. Fujiwara ◽

Saral Mehra

Keyword(s):

Annual Variation ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Large Change ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Food And Beverage ◽

Long Term Trends ◽

The Mean ◽

Open Payments ◽

Made In

Objective To characterize, describe, and compare nonresearch industry payments made to otolaryngologists in 2014 and 2015. Additionally, to describe industry payment variation within otolaryngology and among other surgical specialties. Study Design Retrospective cross-sectional database analysis. Setting Open Payments Database. Subjects and Methods Nonresearch payments made to US otolaryngologists were characterized and compared by payment amount, nature of payment, sponsor, and census region between 2014 and 2015. Payments in otolaryngology were compared with those in other surgical specialties. Results From 2014 to 2015, there was an increase in the number of compensated otolaryngologists (7903 vs 7946) and in the mean payment per compensated otolaryngologist ($1096 vs $1242), as well as a decrease in the median payment per compensated otolaryngologist ($169 vs $165, P = .274). Approximately 90% of total payments made in both years were attributed to food and beverage. Northeast census region otolaryngologists received the highest median payment in 2014 and 2015. Compared with other surgical specialists, otolaryngologists received the lowest mean payment in 2014 and 2015 and the second-lowest and lowest median payment in 2014 and 2015, respectively. Conclusion The increase in the mean payment and number of compensated otolaryngologists can be explained by normal annual variation, stronger industry-otolaryngologist relationships, or improved reporting; additional years of data and improved public awareness of the Sunshine Act will facilitate determining long-term trends. The large change in disparity between the mean and median from 2014 to 2015 suggests greater payment variation. Otolaryngologists continue to demonstrate limited industry ties when compared with other surgical specialists.

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Empathy Gender in Dental Students in Latin America: An Exploratory and Cross-Sectional Study

Health ◽

10.4236/health.2015.711166 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 07 (11) ◽

pp. 1527-1535 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Víctor Patricio Díaz-Narváez ◽

Ana María Erazo Coronado ◽

Jorge Luis Bilbao ◽

Farith González ◽

Mariela Padilla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dental Students ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

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PERBANDINGAN KADAR TRIGLISERIDA PADA OBES 1 DAN OBES 2

Jurnal e-Biomedik ◽

10.35790/ebm.1.1.2013.4563 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Inri A. H. Oway ◽

Sonny J. R. Kalangi ◽

Taufik Pasiak

Keyword(s):

Energy Source ◽

Design Research ◽

Observational Method ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mean Values ◽

Test Of Hypothesis ◽

The Mean ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

Academic Year ◽

Health Objective

Abstract. Background. Triglycerides are a type of fat that can be found in blood which are stored the most in human body. Triglycerides are used as an energy source for various metabolic processes. High levels of triglycerides can lead to various health problems. Elevated triglycerides levels can be caused by various things, such as obesity. Obesity results when fat accumulates in body. Obesity and elevated triglycerides levels can affect human health. Objective. The aim for this research was to compare triglyceride levels of obese 1 and obese 2 students of Faculty of Medicine Sam Ratulangi University. Method. An observational method with cross sectional design research was done to compare triglyceride levels in obese 1 and obese 2 students of Faculty of Medicine Sam Ratulangi University academic year 2010 and 2011. In the number of 49 people, (30 people were obese 1 and 19 people were obese 2). The data were analyzed using SPSS, test of hypothesis used Mann Whitney. Result. The mean values of triglyceride levels in obese 1 students were 69,00 mg/dL and in obese 2 students were 85,53 mg/dL. Conclusion. There were significant differences on triglyceride levels in obese 1 and obese 2. Keyword: fat, obesity, triglyceride. Abstrak. Latar Belakang. Trigliserida merupakan jenis lemak yang paling banyak pada tubuh manusia dan dapat ditemukan dalam darah. Trigliserida berguna sebagai sumber energi untuk berbagai proses metabolik tubuh. Akan tetapi jika kadar trigliserida terlalu tinggi maka dapat menimbulkan berbagai masalah kesehatan. Peningkatan kadar trigliserida dapat disebabkan oleh berbagai hal, salah satunya karena obesitas. Obesitas terjadi karena peningkatan akumulasi lemak dalam tubuh. Obesitas dan peningkatan kadar trigliserida dapat mempengaruhi tingkat kesehatan seseorang. Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan kadar trigliserida pada mahasiswa obes 1 dan obes 2 Angkatan 2010 dan 2011 di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi. Metode. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode observasional dan desain studi cross sectional untuk membandingkan kadar trigliserida pada mahasiswa obes 1 dan obes 2 Angkatan 2010 dan 2011 di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi. Jumlah sampel pada penelitian ini sebanyak 49 orang yang terdiri dari 30 orang obes 1 dan 19 orang obes 2. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan SPSS dan uji hipotesis menggunakan Uji Mann-Whitney. Hasil. Kadar trigliserida rata-rata pada obes 1 sebesar 69,00 mg/dL dan kadar trigliserida rata-rata pada obes 2 sebesar 85,53 mg/dL. Kesimpulan. Secara statistik terdapat perbedaan bermakna kadar trigliserida pada obes 1 dan obes 2. Kata Kunci: lemak, obesitas, trigliserida.

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