scholarly journals DIFFERENCES IN SURFACE HARDNESS OF BOVINE ENAMEL AFTER EXPOSURE OF THEOBROMINE, ALKALOID COCOA POD EXTRACT AND ACIDULATED PHOSPHATE FLUORIDE

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Tamara Yuanita ◽  
Nanik Zubaidah ◽  
Jesica Ceren
Keyword(s):  
Vickers Microhardness ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Enamel Surface ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Acid Diet ◽  
Round Shape ◽  
Group I ◽  
Bovine Enamel

Background: Acid diet could process demineralization on enamel surface. Process remineralization needed to prevent caries occurrence. The excessive fluorine usage could induce adverse side effects, therefore the development of natural resources such as theobromine and alkaloid cocoa extract as a remineralization is needed. Purpose: To discover the differences of bovine teeth enamel surface hardness after exposure to theobromine, alkaloid cocoa pod extract and acidulated phosphate fluoride. Method: Twenty-eight tooth crowns of bovine insisivus cut into the shape of the square then planted on the resin mold round shape and divided into four groups. The control group without treatment, the group I was exposed APF, the group II was exposed 1000 mg/L alkaloid cocoa pod extract, group III was exposed 200 mg/L Theobromine 200 mg/L. Surface hardness measured using Wolpert Wilson Vickers Microhardness Tool. Results: The group of theobromine produces the highest enamel surface hardness. The enamel surface hardness in alkaloid group of cocoa pod extract was higher compared to the APF group and the control group. Conclusion: The hardness surface of bovine tooth enamel after exposure to theobromine and alkaloid cocoa pod extract is harder than exposure to acidulated phosphate fluoride.

scholarly journals The effect of theobromine and NaF 2% exposure to enamel surface hardness after immersing in orange juice beverage

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Tamara Yuanita ◽  
Setyabudi Setyabudi ◽  
Qintan Sekar Adjani
Keyword(s):  
Orange Juice ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Enamel Surface ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Toxicity Effect ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Peel Extract

Background: Consumption of orange juice which had acidic quality will cause a demineralization on enamel. The most effective way to prevent the demineralization process was by involving remineralization agents. Fluoride was effective to improve remineralization but has toxicity effect and caused fluorosis at certain dose. Another alternative for remineralization agent without providing side effects is theobromine contained in cocoa peel extract (Theobroma cacao). Objective: To explain the effect of theobromine and NaF 2% exposure on enamel surface hardness after immersion in commercial orange juice. Method: Twenty-seven cattle incisors were cut into a square shape 1x1 cm and then planted in a round resin mold then divided into three groups. All three groups were immersed in orange juice beverage for 60 minutes. The control group was immersed in distilled water, group I was given theobromine 200 mg / L, and group II was given 2% NaF after exposure for 96 minutes. Surface hardness measurements were carried out using the Wolpert Micro Vickers Testers tool. Results: There was a significant difference (p <0.05) between surface hardness of tooth enamel from the control group and theobromine group and there was also a significant difference between the control group and the NaF group. However, there was no significant difference (p> 0.05) in the NaF group with theobromine group. Conclusion: The effect of exposure to theobromine and NaF 2% on surface enamel hardness after immersion in orange juice beverage has the same result.

scholarly journals Applications of Whey Extract and Cpp-Acp in Email Surface Towards Enamel Surface Hardness After Extracoronal Bleaching

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Irfan Dwiandhono ◽  
Dian Noviyanti Agus Imam ◽  
Afiatul Mukaromah
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Enamel Surface ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Group Ii

Teeth have an aesthetic value because teeth which are clean, neat and white can increase self confidence. Staining or dental discoloration can disrupt the appearance and cause discomfort. The most common type of discoloration is extrinsic discoloration. Treatment that can be done to overcome extrinsic discoloration is extracoronal bleaching. One way to avoid the extracoronal bleaching side effects is application of remineralization materials. The recommended remineralization materials for post-bleaching are fluoride and phospho peptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP). This research aims to know the effect of whey extract application and CPP-ACP on tooth enamel hardness after extracoronal bleaching. Experimental laboratory with pre- and post-test control design was performed on 24 first maxillary premolar which devided into 3 groups. On group I, specimens were immersed in artificial saliva. Specimen in group II were immersed in whey extract meanwhile specimens were immersed in CPP-ACP on group III. Whey extract and CPP-ACP immersions were conducted 10 minutes every 12 hours for 15 days. The enamel surface roughness test was performed twice, after extracoronal bleaching treatment and after 15 days remineralization agent application. This study result indicated significant differences between group I and group II and group III (p0,05), but there was no significant difference between group II and group III (p0,05). This study showed the enamel surface hardness after whey extract application is higher than CPP-ACP but difference was not significant statistically

scholarly journals Differences in surface roughness of enamel after whey-extract application and CPP-ACP in post extracoronal-tooth bleaching

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Afiatul Mukarromah ◽  
Irfan Dwiandhono ◽  
Dian Noviyanti Agus Imam
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Enamel Surface ◽  
Tooth Bleaching ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Bleaching Treatment

Demineralization is a process of partial or full tooth mineral loss which caused by acidic environment, for example the side effect of extracoronal bleaching treatment. Demineralization increases enamel surface roughness which leads plaque accumulation. Whey extract and calcium phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phophate (CPP-ACP) contain calcium and phosphate that can stop the demineralization through remineralization process. This study aimed to determine the differences of enamel surface roughness after whey extract and CPP-ACP application post- extracoronal bleaching. Experimental laboratory with pre- and post-test control group design was performed on 24 first maxillary premolars which devided into 3 groups. On group I, specimens were immersed in artificial saliva. Specimens in group II were immersed in whey extract meanwhile specimens were immersed in CPP-ACP on group III. Whey extract and CPP-ACP immersions were conducted 10 minutes every 12 hours for 15 days. The enamel surface roughness test was performed twice, after extracoronal bleaching treatment and after 15 days remineralization agent application. This study result indicated significant differences between group I and group II and between group I and group III (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference between group II and group III (p>0.05). This study showed whey extract decreased more enamel surface roughness than CPP-ACP but the difference was not significant statistically. So, whey extract and CPP-ACP showed similar remineralization potential.

scholarly journals Effect of formula milk on the roughness and hardness of tooth enamel

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Amaliyah Nur Irianti ◽  
Sri Kuswandari ◽  
Al Supartinah Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Enamel Surface ◽  
Formula Milk ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Background: Demineralisation and remineralisation is a natural process in tooth enamel. It is influenced by the content of calcium and phosphorus in saliva, which concentrations are affected by the consumption of food, including formula milk. Demineralisation and remineralisation determine the roughness and hardness of the enamel surface. Purpose: This study compared the effect of formula milk on the roughness and hardness of tooth enamel. Methods: Maxillary premolar extracted teeth were demineralised with 37% phosphoric acid for 90 seconds and then divided into four treatment groups. For four days, the teeth were immersed twice a day in cow formula for five and ten minutes (Group I and II) and soy formula for five and ten minutes (Group III and IV). Before and after the immersion in milk, the teeth were submerged in artificial saliva. The enamel surface roughness and hardness were measured three times using a surface roughness tester and a Vickers microhardness tester, before and after demineralisation and after immersion in milk. Data were analysed using Kruskal–Wallis and post hoc Mann–Whitney tests. Results: There was no significant difference (p=0.88) observed in the roughness reduction among the treatment groups. The highest increase in hardness was noted for the ten-minute cow formula milk group (93.27 ± 16.00). The increase of hardness was higher after immersion for ten minutes. A substantial difference (p=0.03) was seen in the increase of hardness between the treatment groups. Conclusion: Immersion in cow and soy formula milk for five and ten minutes does not reduce the enamel roughness, but it increases the enamel hardness.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF BILIMBI (BELIMBING WULUH) EXTRACT (Averrhoa bilimbi L) AGAINST DENTAL REMINERALIZATION AND ENAMEL MICROSTRUCTURE (IN VITRO RESEARCH)

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Trimurni Abidin ◽  
Marline Nainggolan ◽  
Susi Susi
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Enamel Surface ◽  
Surface Microstructure ◽  
Enamel Microstructure ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Teeth physiologically undergo demineralization and remineralisation processes. One way to reduce demineralization can be done with the use of CPP-ACP (Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate), which has high calcium bioavailability. The use of natural materials products in the field of dentistry is currently growing, one of which is bilimbi/ starfruit (belimbingwuluh) that is rich in minerals and has many benefits. This study aims to analyze the effect of extract of bilimbi in tooth enamel remineralisation which is tested by using SEM and EDX equipments so that the difference of enamel surface microstructure and the amount of calcium and phosphorus content of tooth enamel surface can be identified. A total of eight hidden molar teeth were extracted, cut into four parts and divided into four groups, namely group I: the teeth applied with the wuluh bilimbi gel, group II: the teeth applied with CPP-ACP gel, group III: the teeth applied with the combination gel of starfruit extract and CPP-ACP gel, group IV: without any application. The result of this study was assessed qualitatively and it was noticeable that the treatment group combination of CPP-ACP gel and starfruit gel had the smoothest enamel surface microstructure. Quantitatively, there were significant difference is the three treatment groups (p≤ 0.05). The conclusion of this research is the effect of the application of wuluh bilimbi extract gel, CPP-ACP gel and gel combination of starfruit with CPP-ACP gel towards the remineralisation and microstructure of tooth enamel surface.

The Quantitative Ultrastructure of the Heart Muscle of Japanese Quail by Hypergravitation, Hypodynamy and Combination

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
Anton Bózner ◽  
Mikuláš Gažo ◽  
Jozef Dostál
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Heart Muscle ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Combination Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Space Flights ◽  
Group I ◽  
Quantitative Ultrastructure

It is anticipated that Japanese quail /Coturnix coturnix japonica/ will provide animal proteins in long term space flights. Consequently this species of birds is of research interest of international space program INTERCOSMOS. In the year 1987 we reported on an experiment /2/ in which the effect of chronic acceleration of 2 G hypergravitation, the hypodynamy and the simultaneous effect of chronic acceleration and the location in the centre of the turntable of the centrifuge on the protein fractions in skeletal muscles was studied. The ultrastructure of the heart muscle was now in this experiments examined as well.Japanese quail cockerels, aged 48 days were exposed to 2 G hypergravitation /group IV/ in a 6,4 m diameter centrifuge, to hypodynamy /group III/ and their combination /group V/, respectively for 6 days / Fig.1/. The hypodynamy in group III was achieved by suspending the birds in jackets without contact the floor. The group II was located in the centre ofthe turntable of the centrifuge. The control group I. was kept under normal conditions. The quantitative ultrastructure of myocard was evaluated by the methods of Weibel/3/ - this enables to determine the number, relative size and volume of mitochondria volume of single mitochondria, defficiency of mitochondrial cristae and volume of myofibrils.

Features of the cervix uteri in women of reproductive age with endometrial polyps and micropolyps

2016 ◽  
pp. 108-111
Author(s):  
T.F. Tatarchuk ◽  
◽  
D.G. German ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cervix Uteri ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Endometrial Polyps ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Aggressive Form ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Control Group Group

The article presents the comparative analysis of the state of the cervix in women with endometrial polyps and micropolyps. Patients and methods. The study involved 130 patients aged 18-35 years: 70 patients with endometrial polyps (group I), 30 patients with micropolyps (group II) and 30 patients of the control group (group III). Results. According to the anamnesis of women in the I group were significantly more frequent diseases of the cervix, which corrected physical surgery methods, in particular cryodestruction. In group II, the representatives of these indicators were similar to healthy. Normal colposcopic picture met significantly less frequently in patients and I, and II group. The differences in the incidence of HPV high oncogenic risk in all groups were not statistically significant. Conclusion. Destructive methods used in the detection of any changes in the cervix are often overly aggressive, form scars and contributing to inflamaciones process. In the chain of events leading to the formation of PE, cervical pathology and its correction can take the basic place. Key words: endometrial polyp, micropolyps, chronic endometritis, uterine cervix, colposcopy.

Efficacy of Ovsynch and Ovsynch Plus Protocol for Improvement of Fertility in Postpartum Sahiwal Cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Lakher ◽  
M. K. Awasthi ◽  
J. R. Khan ◽  
M. R. Poyam
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Time ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group I ◽  
Early Postpartum ◽  
The Status ◽  
Sahiwal Cows ◽  
And Control

The present study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of Ovsynch and Ovsynch plus protocol in postpartum (day 60) Sahiwal cows (n=18). Animals were randomly divided into three equal groups, viz., Ovsynch group Ovsynch plus group and Control group. Animals of group I (n = 6) were treated with traditional Ovsynch protocol. The animals (n = 6) of group II were treated with Ovsynch plus protocol which consisted of an initial intramuscular injection of eCG (Folligon) @ 250 IU on day 60 postpartum followed 3 days later by GPG (Ovsynch) protocol. In group-III Control, no treatment was given to animals (n = 6). Treated animals were inseminated at a fixed time between 14 and 20 hrs after second GnRH injection, irrespective of estrus detection. Blood samples were collected from each animal on days 50 and 60 postpartum to determine the status of cyclicity in animals based on serum concentrations of progesterone (P4). A third blood sample was collected on the day of prostaglandin treatment to determine the response of first GnRH injection. Four animals each were cyclic, and two were acyclic in both treatment groups. Four animals each responded to first GnRH treatment in both treatment groups. Similarly, two animals each got conceived giving conception rate of 50% (2/4) in each treatment. In the control group, one out of 6 animals got conceived yielding 16.66 % conception rate (1/6) during the study period. It may be thus concluded that Ovsynch and Ovsynch plus protocol may be used during the early postpartum period to improve the reproductive efficiency in postpartum Sahiwal cows.

Analysis of surface conditioning methods on core-veneer bond strength of CAD/CAM zirconia restorations

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Anip K. Roy ◽  
Govind N. Prasad ◽  
Tushar V. Bhagat ◽  
Saurabh Chaturvedi ◽  
Vishwanath Gurumurthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Surface Conditioning ◽  
Group I ◽  
Alumina Particles ◽  
Scanning Electron

BACKGROUND: The increased strength of zirconia has resulted in its widespread application in clinical dentistry. Nevertheless, the fracture of veneering porcelains remains one of the key reasons of failure. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare and analyze the influence of surface conditioning methods on the core-veneer bond strength of zirconia restorations. METHODS: Thirty specimens of zirconia core with sizes 10 × 5 × 5 mm were layered with porcelain of sizes 5 × 3 × 3 mm. On the basis of different surface conditioning methods, four groups were made: Group I: abrasion with airborne alumina particles of 110 μm size, Group II: sandblasting with silica coated alumina particles of 50 μm in size, Group III (modified group): alteration with a coating of zirconia powder prior to sintering, and Group IV (control group): metal core specimens. The shear force of all specimens was tested using a universal testing machine with a 0.5 mm/min crosshead speed. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post hoc pair wise comparison (p= 0.05) were performed to analyze the shear bond strength. A scanning electron microscope was used to assess the fractured specimens. RESULTS: A statistically significant difference was noted between the groups. The mean value of shear bond strength was 40.25 MPa for Group I, 41.93 MPa for Group II, 48.08 MPa for Group III and 47.01 MPa for Group IV. CONCLUSIONS: The modified zirconia group and control group demonstrated a significantly higher mean bond strength than that of Group I, where airborne particle abrasion was used. The scanning electron microscope showed that cohesive fracture in the porcelain veneers was the main problem of failure in altered zirconia. The modified zirconia specimens in Group III demonstrated significantly improved values of shear bond strength.

Nephrotoxicity and its prevention by catechin in ferric nitrilotriacetate promoted oxidative stress in rats

2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanwaljit Chopra ◽  
Devinder Singh ◽  
Vikas Chander
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Renal Dysfunction ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Ferric Nitrilotriacetate ◽  
Group I ◽  
Rats And Mice

Intraperitoneal injection of ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA) to rats and mice results in iron-induced free radical injury and cancer in kidneys. This study was designed to investigate the effect of catechin, a bioflavonoid with antioxidant potential, on Fe-NTA-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Four groups were employed in the present study. Group I served as control group, Group II animals received Fe-NTA (8 mg iron/kg body weight i.p.), Group III animals were given 40 mg/kg catechin p.o. twice a day for 4 days and on the 5th day Fe-NTA was challenged, and Group IV animals received catechin alone for 4 days. Renal function was assessed by measuring plasma creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. The oxidative stress was measured by renal malondialdehyde levels, reduced glutathione levels and by enzymatic activity of catalase, glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase. One hour after a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of Fe-NTA (8 mg iron/kg), a marked deterioration of renal architecture, renal function and severe oxidative stress was observed. Pretreatment of animals with catechin markedly attenuated renal dysfunction, reduced elevated thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS), restored the depleted renal antioxidant enzymes and normalized the renal morphological alterations. These results clearly demonstrate the role of oxidative stress and its relation to renal dysfunction, and suggest a protective effect of catechin on Fe-NTA-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.

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