scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF LONG TERM ADMINISTRATION OF GLUCOCORTICOID TO BONE LINING CELLS APOPTOSIS

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Gadis Meinar Sari
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bone Mass Loss ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Glucocorticoid Administration ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Group 2

Glucocorticoid is widely used in medical treatment as an immune system or an inflammation therapy. However its long term administration can cause life-threatening side effects. One of them is bone mass loss which increases the risk of bone fractures in the long-term use. Bone lining cells derived from mesenchymal stem cells, which serve as a backup cell bone-forming osteoblasts. Glucocorticoids acting directly on osteoblasts, bone lining cells when reduced due to increased apoptosis, the reserve cells to bone formation will be decreased. The aim of this study was to count the amount of apoptotic bone lining cells after long term glucocorticoid administration. This study used Rattus norvegicus females aged 3 months that were divided into 3 groups, each group consisted of 7 rats. The groups are: (1) control group; (2) treatment group 1 were given glucocorticoid 0.01 mg/day; (3) treatment group 2 were given glucocorticoid 0.2mg/day. The treatment carried out for 4 weeks and at the end of treatment, rats were sacrified and continued with preparation, and the number of bone lining cells that undergoing apoptosis was calculated through examination of the femur bone tissue metaphysis section using immunohistochemical technique. All data were analyzed with statistical analysis Anova. The result showed that the number of apoptotic bone lining cells increased in group with glucocorticoid administration 0.01 mg/day and 0.2 mg/day compared to control group with p = 0.000 (p <0.05). The number of apoptotic bone lining cells on the group of glucocorticoid dose 0.2 mg/day higher than the group of glucocorticoid dose 0.01 mg/day with p = 0.000 (p <0.05). In conclusion, long term glucocorticoid administration increase apoptosis of bone lining cells.

Efficacy of corticosteroid therapy in the treatment of long- lasting olfactory disorders in COVID-19 patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
L.A. Vaira ◽  
C. Hopkins ◽  
M. Petrocelli ◽  
J.R. Lechien ◽  
S. Cutrupi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Spontaneous Recovery ◽  
Olfactory Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Initial Control ◽  
Group A ◽  
Control Study

BACKGROUND: The growing number of COVID-19 patients with long-lasting olfactory disorders makes it necessary to identify effective treatments that enhance the spontaneous recovery of olfactory function. METHODS: Multicentre randomised case-control study that involved 18 patients with COVID-19 related anosmia or severe hyposmia for more than 30 days. Nine patients were prescribed systemic prednisone and nasal irrigation with betamethasone, ambroxol and rinazine for 15 days. The other 9, untreated, patients were used as controls. The olfactory function was evaluated with CCCRC test at 20 and 40 days from the first evaluation. RESULTS: In the control group, a median olfactory score of 20 (IQR 30) was detected at baseline. At the 20-day control there was no significant improvement in olfactory function. The improvement in olfactory performance became significant at the 40-day follow-up compared to baseline scores [60 (IQR 60) versus 20 (IQR 30)]. In the treatment group, patients had a mean olfactory score of 10 (IQR 15) at initial control. At the 20-day control, a significant im-provement in the olfactory scores, compared to the baseline, was detected [70 (IQR 40) versus 10 (IQR 15)]. Olfactory function further improved at 40 days [median score 90 (IQR 50)]. Patients in the treatment group reported significantly higher improvements of the olfactory scores than the controls at both the 20-day [40 (IQR 45) versus 10 (IQR 15)] and 40-day [60 (IQR 40) versus 30 (IQR 25)] evaluations. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of this study, the mix of drugs including steroids could represent a useful specific therapy to reduce the prevalence of this long-term morbidity.

The effect of different partitions of seaweed Sargassum plagyophylum on depression behavior in mice model of despair

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azadeh Mesripour ◽  
Neda Rabian ◽  
Afsaneh Yegdaneh
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Swimming Test

Abstract Background Seaweeds are a famous traditional food resource in some countries containing different types of secondary metabolites. These marine organisms have shown different biological activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of hexane and methanol extracts of Sargassum plagyophylum on depression. Methods Sargassum plagyophylum was collected from Persian Gulf. The plant was extracted by maceration with methanol-ethyl acetate solvent. The extract was evaporated and partitioned by hexane and methanol solvents. The two partitions were administered i.p. to male mice either a single dose or for 7 days. Depression was evaluated by the forced swimming test (FST) which higher immobility time indicates depressive-like behavior. Results The immobility time during FST decreased significantly by all the doses of the hexane partitions (notably 40 mg/kg; 10 s ± 2 vs. 114 s ± 12 control group). However, only the lowest dose (20 mg/kg) of the methanol partition reduced immobility time during FST (23 s ± 8, p<0.001). Following the long term administration both of the partitions reduced the immobility time in FST (hexane 27 s ± 11, methanol 70 s ± 14, p<0.05 vs. control 140 s ± 14). Conclusion The hexane partition showed antidepressant effects not only by long-term administration but also by the single dose during FST. The 7 days therapy with methanol partition also induced antidepressant behavior, but only the lowest single dose reduced immobility in FST. The methanol partitions possibly have certain substance that interfered with behavior in the FST. Therefore, S. plagyophylum should be considered for further antidepressant studies.

scholarly journals What is the impact of methotrexate on liver in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis? Results of liver SWE performed in a single centre

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vildan Güngörer ◽  
Mehmet Öztürk ◽  
Mustafa Yasir Özlü ◽  
Şükrü Arslan
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Term Therapy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Long Term Therapy ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Objectives Long-term therapy with low-dose methotrexate (MTX) is widely used in treatment of rheumatic diseases, in children. The purpose of this study was to evaluate liver elasticity in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) who received MTX and compare the results with control group. Methods Liver elasticity was evaluated with shear wave elastography (SWE) technique in 25 patients aged 3–17 years who were followed up with JIA and received MTX and compared with 25 healthy controls of the same age and weight. Factors that had an effect on liver elasticity were examined. Results The mean SWE value of patients was 2.64 ± 2.13 m/s and 24.10 ± 18.50 kPa, whereas 1.83 ± 0.16 m/s and 10.09 ± 1.83 kPa in control group. There was a significant difference in liver elasticity in the patient and control groups. When the patients were evaluated as Group 1 (&lt; 1000 mg) and Group 2 (≥ 1000 mg) according to the cumulative MTX dose, no significant difference was obtained. There was positive correlation between liver elasticity and weekly MTX dose and age. Conclusions Our study revealed that liver elasticity significantly decreased in patients who received MTX when compared with the control group. The elastography technique will be understood better over time and used safely in many areas.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Some Male and Female Rats’ Reproductive Hormones Following Administration of Aspartame With or Without Vitamin C or E

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Omar H Azeez
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Aspartame (ASP) is a sugar substitute. Its use rose because it has been demonstrated to have deleterious effects after being metabolized. In the presence of antioxidant vitamins C or E, the effects of ASP on reproductive hormones of adult male and female Albino Wister rats were investigated. A total of eighty male and female rats were used in this study. The rats were divided into four groups: group 1, received no treatment; group 2, received ASP at 40 mg/kg BW; group 3, received ASP at 40 mg/kg BW with vitamin C at 150 mg/kg BW; and group 4, received ASP at 40 mg/kg BW and vitamin E at 100 mg/kg BW. All treatments were given orally by gavage needle once daily for consecutive 90 days. The levels of estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone hormone (TH) were measured after 90 days in blood plasma. In comparison with the control group, ASP treatment resulted in lower levels of E2, FSH, and LH in male and female rats. When the antioxidants vitamin C or E was given, the effects of ASP were reversed, and the levels of E2, LH, and FSH were increased. The testosterone hormone was likewise significantly increased by ASP, but testosterone hormone concentrations were decreased by vitamin C or E treatments. Long-term ASP consumption caused interfering with testicular and ovarian hormonal activity, while vitamins C and E on the other hand, overcome longstanding consumption ASP's effects.

Effects of acupuncture on anthropometric and serum metabolic parameters in premenopausal overweight and obese women: a randomized, patient- and assessor-blind, sham-controlled clinical trial

2020 ◽  
pp. 096452842091225
Author(s):  
Koh-Woon Kim ◽  
Woo-Chul Shin ◽  
Min Sun Choi ◽  
Jae-Heung Cho ◽  
Hi-Joon Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Sham Acupuncture ◽  
Metabolic Parameters ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Serum Lipid Levels

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of acupuncture on obesity-related parameters with regard to metabolomics. Methods: This two-arm parallel, patient- and assessor-blind, sham-controlled randomized clinical trial included 120 obese participants. Participants were randomized into two groups. The treatment group received a combined intervention of manual acupuncture (MA) plus electroacupuncture (EA), while the control group received a combination of sham acupuncture interventions consisting of sham MA plus sham EA for 6 weeks. The serum lipid levels were measured as the primary outcome measure and anthropometric parameters and serum metabolic profiles including amino acids and carnitines were measured as secondary outcome measures. Results: The serum lipid levels and anthropometric measurements did not significantly differ between groups, while body weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference were improved within each group and the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased over time in the treatment group. There were no significant differences in amino acid levels between groups, while certain carnitine (C2, C4, C6, and l-carnitine) levels were significantly increased ( p < 0.05) in the treatment group compared to the control group. Conclusion: In summary, 6 weeks of acupuncture treatment did not affect anthropometric and serum metabolic parameters, with the exception of certain carnitines, when compared to sham acupuncture. The observation of increased carnitine levels in the acupuncture group could result in potential long-term benefits to obese individuals. Additional studies are needed to investigate the long-term effects of acupuncture on lipid metabolism and the underlying mechanism of action. Trial registration number: This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02066090).

scholarly journals Mitochondrial and Oxidative Impacts of Short and Long-term Administration of HAART on HIV Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-124
Author(s):  
Joy E. Ikekpeazu ◽  
Oliver C. Orji ◽  
Ikenna K. Uchendu ◽  
Lawrence U.S. Ezeanyika
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
One Year

Background and Objective: There may be a possible link between the use of HAART and oxidative stress-related mitochondrial dysfunction in HIV patients. We evaluated the mitochondrial and oxidative impacts of short and long-term administration of HAART on HIV patients attending the Enugu State University Teaching (ESUT) Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria following short and long-term therapy. Methods: 96 patients categorized into four groups of 24 individuals were recruited for the study. Group 1 comprised of age-matched, apparently healthy, sero-negative individuals (the No HIV group); group 2 consisted of HIV sero-positive individuals who had not started any form of treatment (the Treatment naïve group). Individuals in group 3 were known HIV patients on HAART for less than one year (Short-term treatment group), while group 4 comprised of HIV patients on HAART for more than one year (Long-term treatment group). All patients were aged between 18 to 60 years and attended the HIV clinic at the time of the study. Determination of total antioxidant status (TAS in nmol/l), malondialdehyde (MDA in mmol/l), CD4+ count in cells/μl, and genomic studies were all done using standard operative procedures. Results: We found that the long-term treatment group had significantly raised the levels of MDA, as well as significantly diminished TAS compared to the Short-term treatment and No HIV groups (P<0.05). In addition, there was significantly elevated variation in the copy number of mitochondrial genes (mtDNA: D-loop, ATPase 8, TRNALEU uur) in the long-term treatment group. Interpretation and Conclusion: Long-term treatment with HAART increases oxidative stress and causes mitochondrial alterations in HIV patients.

The Impact of an Educational Program on Improving Diabetes Knowledge and Changing Behaviors of Nurses in Long-Term Care Facilities

1995 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 541-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Turner Parker ◽  
Nancy Leggett-Frazier ◽  
Pauline A. Vincent ◽  
Melvin S. Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Diabetes Care ◽  
Educational Program ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Impact

Nursing staffs from two long-term care facilities attended a multisession educational program about the care of residents with diabetes (treatment group). A control group consisted of the nursing staffs from two other similar facilities who did not participate in the educational program. Both groups were given a knowledge pretest and posttest. A chart review also was conducted following the educational intervention to determine any changes in the diabetes care provided by the treatment group. Following the educational program, the treatment group had a significant increase in their mean score on the knowledge test compared with the control group. However, a. review of the residents' charts revealed no significant increases in specific behaviors related to diabetes care. The findings suggest that, in addition to educational programs, more focused training concerning diabetes care is needed to improve the care of residents with diabetes in long-term care facilities. Implications for diabetes educators are discussed.

Clustered Randomized Controlled Trial of a Hand Hygiene Intervention Involving Pocket-Sized Containers of Alcohol-Based Hand Rub for the Control of Infections in Long-Term Care Facilities

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wing Kin Yeung ◽  
Wai San Wilson Tam ◽  
Tze Wai Wong
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Serious Infections ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
To Receive

Objective.To investigate the effectiveness of a multifaceted hand hygiene program involving the use of pocket-sized containers of antiseptic gel in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) with elderly residents.Methods.In this clustered randomized controlled trial, Hong Kong LTCFs for elderly persons were recruited via snowball sampling. Staff hand hygiene adherence was directly observed, and residents' infections necessitating hospitalization were recorded. After a 3-month preintervention period, LTCFs were randomized to receive pocket-sized containers of alcohol-based gel, reminder materials, and education for all HCWs (treatment group) or to receive basic life support education and workshops for all healthcare workers (HCWs) (control group). A 2-week intervention period (April 1-15, 2007) was followed by 7 months of postintervention observations.Results.In the 3 treatment LTCFs, adherence to hand rubbing increased from 5 (1.5%) of 333 to 233 (15.9%) of 1,465 hand hygiene opportunities (P = .001) and total hand hygiene adherence increased from 86 (25.8%) of 333 to 488 (33.3%) of 1,465 opportunities (P = .01) after intervention; the 3 control LTCFs showed no significant change. In the treatment group, the incidence of serious infections decreased from 31 cases in 21,862 resident-days (1.42 cases per 1,000 resident-days) to 33 cases in 50,441 resident-days (0.65 cases per 1,000 resident-days) (P = .002), whereas in the control group, it increased from 16 cases in 32,726 resident-days (0.49 cases per 1,000 resident-days) to 85 cases in 81,177 resident-days (1.05 cases per 1,000 resident-days) (P = .004). In the treatment group, the incidence of pneumonia decreased from 0.91 to 0.28 cases per 1,000 resident-days (P = .001) and the death rate due to infection decreased from 0.37 to 0.10 deaths per 1,000 resident-days (P = .01); the control group revealed no significant change.Conclusions.A hand hygiene program involving the use of pocket-sized containers of antiseptic gel and education could effectively increase adherence to hand rubbing and reduce the incidence of serious infections in LTCFs with elderly residents.

scholarly journals Effects of long-term GH-releasing factor administration on patterns of GH and LH secretion in growing female buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)

Reproduction ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Mondal ◽  
B S Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Injection ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Plasma Gh ◽  
Lh Secretion

To investigate the effects of long-term GH-releasing factor (GRF) administration on the patterns of GH and LH secretion in growing female Murrah buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) calves, 12 buffaloes of 6–8 months of age were divided into two groups (treatment and control groups) of six each in such a way that average body weight between the groups did not differ significantly (P > 0.05). Both the groups were administered i.v. with either synthetic bovine GRF (bGRF(1–44)-NH2) at 10 μg/100 kg body weight (treatment group) or an equal volume of normal saline (control group) at intervals of 15 days until 18 injections had been completed (9 months). Blood samples collected prior to and after the first and last injection of GRF at −60, −45, −30, −15, −10, −5 min and +5, +10, +15, +30 min, and thereafter at intervals of 15 min up to 8 h post-injection, were assayed for plasma GH and LH. Plasma progesterone was also estimated in twice-a-week samples to assess whether either group had begun ovarian cyclicity. The body weight of all animals was recorded twice a week. In all animals, a peak of GH was recorded within 5–20 min and 5–30 min after the first and last GRF injections and post-injection mean values for plasma GH were significantly (P < 0.01) higher compared with the control group of animals. Although peak GH values after the first and last GRF injection did not differ (P > 0.05), GH levels were maintained at a higher level for a longer time after the last GRF injection compared with the first (240 vs 150 min). The area under the GH response curve after the last GRF injection was found to be significantly (P < 0.01) higher than after the first injection (9344 ± 99.7 vs 7763 ± 112.4 ng/ml × min). The mean post-injection plasma LH levels of the treatment group were significantly (P < 0.01) higher after both the first and last GRF injections than in the control group of animals. Interestingly, compared with the first GRF injection, the pre-injection plasma LH level was found to be significantly higher (P < 0.01) at the last injection. The plasma LH concentrations around the last injection of GRF were significantly higher (P < 0.01) than those recorded at the time of the first injection in treated buffaloes. Correspondingly, the plasma LH concentrations in controls were also higher (P < 0.01) around the last injection of GRF vis-à-vis the first injection. The hormone concentration exhibited a higher pulsatility with greater amplitude after the last injection as compared with that recorded after the first injection. Although pulses of LH were also recorded in controls following the last injection, these were fewer and of lower magnitude than those seen in treated animals. No animal from either group reached puberty. GRF-treated buffaloes attained higher (P < 0.001) body weight than the controls. In conclusion, long-term administration of GRF induces and even enhances GH release without any sign of refractoriness, and significantly increases plasma LH also. Hence, long-term treatment with GRF may be used to maintain a sustained increased level of plasma GH in buffaloes and it may assist the animals of this species to grow faster.

scholarly journals Antioxidant supplementation increases retinal responses and decreases refractive error changes in dogs

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Jerome Hernandez ◽  
Cecil Moore ◽  
Janet Jackson ◽  
Kristina Narfström
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antioxidant Supplementation ◽  
Supplementation Period ◽  
Single Flash ◽  
To Receive

AbstractThe objective of the study was to examine whether a nutritional antioxidant supplementation could improve visual function in healthy dogs as measured by electroretinography (ERG) and autorefraction. A total of twelve Beagles, 6 to 8 years of age, with normal eyes upon indirect ophthalmoscopy and slit lamp biomicroscopy, were age and sex matched and randomly assigned to receive a feeding regimen for 6 months with or without a daily antioxidant supplementation. Portable, mini-Ganzfeld ERG and a Welch Allyn hand-held autorefractor were used to test retinal response and refractive error in the dogs at baseline and at the end of the supplementation period. All ERG a-wave amplitudes obtained were increased in the treatment group compared with those of dogs in the control group, with significant improvements in the scotopic high and photopic single flash cone ERG responses (P < 0·05 for both). For the b-wave amplitudes, all responses were similarly increased, with significant improvements in responses for the scotopic high light intensity stimulation (P < 0·05), and for photopic single flash cone and 30 Hz flicker (P < 0·01 for both) recordings. Change in refractive error was significantly less in the treatment group compared with that of the control group during the 6-month study (P < 0·05). Compared with the control group, the antioxidant-supplemented group showed improvement to varying degrees for retinal function and significantly less decline in refractive error. Dogs, like humans, experience retinal and lens functional decline with age. Antioxidant supplementation as demonstrated may be beneficial and effective in the long-term preservation and improvement of various functions of the canine eye.

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