scholarly journals DIFFERENCE OF POWER TEST AND TYPE II ERROR (β) ON MARDIA MVN TEST, HENZE ZIKLER'S MVN TEST, AND ROYSTON'S MVN TEST USING MULTIVARIATE DATA ANALYSIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Wahyul Anis ◽  
Kuntoro Kuntoro ◽  
Soenarnatalina Melaniani
Keyword(s):  
Research Data ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Type Ii Error ◽  
Multivariate Normal ◽  
Power Test ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Normal Test ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Better Than

The Mardia MVN test, Henze Zikler's MVN test, and Royston's MVN test are the most widely used tests to analyze multivariate normal (MVN) data, but there have not been many studies explaining the advantages and disadvantages of these tests. The research objective was to analyze the difference in test strength and type II (β) error in the Mardia MVN test, Henze Zikler's MVN test, and Royston's MVN test. The research data were analyzed using three MVN tests, namely the Mardia MVN test, Henze Zikler's MVN test, and Royston's MVN test. The results of the analysis in the form of test strength and type II error (β) would be compared at alpha (α) 1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%. The comparison results explained that the Mardia test had the greatest test strength and the smallest type II (β) error. The study concluded that the Mardia MVN test was a multivariate normal test better than Henze Zikler's MVN test and Royston's MVN test.

scholarly journals PERBANDINGAN KUALITAS PRODUK DAN MINAT MENABUNG PADA LPD DESA ADAT TAJUN DENGAN DESA ADAT TEGAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
Eka Swarnadi Luh ◽  
Ketut Budi Susrusa ◽  
Ida Ayu Listia Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Product Quality ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Research Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Physical Evidence ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Better Than

LPDs are non-bank financial institutions that are regulated and approved by the Regional Regulations of the Province of Bali. The management of LPD is fully handed over to the relevant Pakraman village. In line with the rapid development of LPDs, it turns out that on the other hand it shows diverse performance, so that LPDs need to pay attention to the level of product quality and customer interest in the products offered.            The purpose of the study was to determine the comparison of product quality and interest in saving at the Tajun Traditional Village LPD with the Traditional Village of Tegal. The number of samples from Tajun Adat Village LPD was 98 people and the LPD of Tegal Traditional Village was 84 people. The research data were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney Test. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the quality of the products of the Adat Village of Tajun LPD and the Traditional Village of Tegal. This difference is indicated by indicators of physical evidence, reliability, responsiveness and empathy. The product quality of Tajun Adat Village's LPD is better than the traditional village of Tegal. There is a significant difference between the interest in saving the traditional village of Tajun LPD and the traditional village of Tegal. The difference is in the indicator of confidence. Interest in Saving Tajun Indigenous Village LPD is higher than the Traditional Village of Tegal.

scholarly journals The Influence of Using Short Story Toward Students’ Vocabulary Mastery at the Seventh Grade Students of An’nur Junior High School Tanah Abang Jakarta Academic Year 2019 - 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Ega Dwi Febriyanti ◽  
Riandi Riandi
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Good Teaching ◽  
International Language ◽  
The World ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Better Than

As an International Language, English is important to learn by everyone in the world. The important thing which must mastery when someone learns English is vocabulary. As an important aspect, vocabulary is hard to master because the writing and the pronunciation is different and difficult to memorize. That’s why the researcher wants to develop a good teaching and technique to teach vocabulary mastery. The researcher also wants to steal interest of students then remove scared image of learn English using Short Story. Based on the explanation, the researcher purposed to investigate the influence of using short story toward students’ vocabulary mastery. The research used a quantitative method with true-experiment design. The researcher take two sample classes which 7-A as control class and 7-B as experiment class. After tested the validity of the instrument which used for the research, the researcher used 25 numbers of valid questions as the instrument. The researcher gives same pre-test for both of the sample class. Then the researcher gives “The Tortoise and The Hare” short story as treatment to experiment class. In the control class the researcher teach a using poetry “I Follow My Dreams By Delilah”. After treatment the researcher also gives both of the sample class same post-test. The test is contained of same question with the pre-test, but the researcher was mess up the number of question. After get the data of the research the researcher also analyzed the data. The result of the data shows the difference of score of the both of sample classes. The researcher found the score of experiment class is better than the control class. That can be seen as T-count 3.3153 > T-table 1.994. Based on the result of the research data above, Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. The result also shows the significant increase of the score between pre-test and post-test of experimental class. And not any significant increase on the pre- test and post-test of control class. That mean, using short story to improved students vocabulary mastery is effective

scholarly journals Differences between alfa significance level and P value

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hector Mueses
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Type I Error ◽  
P Value ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Type Ii Error ◽  
Information Analysis ◽  
Error Type ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
The Difference

Summary: Usually health professionals and people with little knowledge of statistics wheninvolved with quantitative research they are faced to make statistical techniques to fulfill thedata analysis resulting from a previous data collection. Generally they state hypothesis and laterthe information analysis can support the evidence in favor or against such hypothesis. In that pointcommonly they are faced to confusion when they try to interpret p value and type I error. Theconcept of p value and significance level will be approached in this paper and the difference amongthem will be cleared. Key words: Type I error. Type II error. P value. Null hypothesis. Statisticalof test.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN PERFORMA REPRODUKSI KAMBING SAANEN DAN PERANAKAN ETAWA (KASUS DI BBPTU-HPT BATURRADEN) Reproduction of Saanen and Peranakan Etawa Goat Performance Comparative Analysis (Case Study at BBPTU-HPT Baturaden)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
R. Rizki El Akbar ◽  
Heni Indrijani ◽  
Lia Budimulyati Salman
Keyword(s):  
Research Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Saanen Goat ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Days Open ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Better Than

Abstrak Kambing Saanen dan Peranakan Etawa (PE) merupakan dua jenis kambing perah yang terkenal unggul dalam produksi dan kualitas susu diantara jenis kambing penghasil susu lainnya. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui perbandingan performa reproduksi (Service per Conception, Days Open, Kidding Interval dan Umur Kawin Pertama) kambing Saanen dan PE. Penelitian dilakukan di Balai Besar Pembibitan Ternak Unggul–Hijauan Pakan Ternak (BBPTU-HPT) Baturraden-Purwokerto Jawa Tengah. Metode penelitian adalah studi kasus. Data yang digunakan adalah data reproduksi yang berasal dari 61 ekor kambing Saanen dan 56 ekor kambing PE. Uji t digunakan untuk mengetahui perbedaan rataan nilai tampilan reproduksi kambing Saanen dengan PE. Hasil penelitian menunjukan performa reproduksi kambing Saanen lebih baik dari PE dilihat dari Service per Conception (1,15 vs 1,61), Days Open (136,46 hari vs 189,07 hari), kidding interval (284,27 hari vs 338,71 hari) dan umur kawin pertama (275,38 hari vs 393,63 hari). ¬Kata Kunci : Saanen, Peranakan Etawa, Reproduksi Abstract Saanen and Peranakan Etawa (PE) were two popular dairy goats which were superior in the production and milk quality compared to the other kinds of dairy goats. This research’s purpose was to compare the performance of those two dairy goats (Saaneen and PE) in terms of reproduction (Service per Conception, Days Open, Kidding Interval and First Age of Breeding). This research has done at Balai Besar Pembibitan Ternak Unggul-Hijauan Pakan Ternak (BBPT-HMT) Baturraden-Purwokerto, Central Java. The methodology of this research was a case study. This research data was taken from 61 Saanen Goats and 56 PE Goats. This research was using t-test to know the difference of average value from Saanen and PE goats’ reproduction. The result shows that the reproduction performance of Saanen goat was better than PE goat based on Service per Conception (1,15 vs 1,61), Days Open (136,46 days vs 189,07 days), Kidding Interva (284,27 days vs 338,71 days) and First Age of Breeding (275,38 hari vs 393,63 days). Keywords: Saanen, PE, reproduction

A Forum for Researchers: A Note on the Power of Statistical Tests

1977 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 385-389
Author(s):  
Robert C. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Type I Error ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Type Ii Error ◽  
Error Type ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
A Priori Probability

In the classical decision-making model, the experimenter seeks to demonstrate a difference between the distributions of two or more samples (or a sample and a population) for some parameter. A null hypothesis is stated that there is no “significant” difference between the distributions, and probabilistic models are used to determine the probability that any difference is due to chance. Philosophically, the researcher decides in advance that he is only willing to accept a probability less than a given size for making the error of assuming that the difference is real when it is actually due to chance. The a priori probability of such an error (Type I) is designated α. But the possibility of another error exists: the error of failing to reject a null hypothesis when the difference is real. (The a priori probability of such an error is designated β.) Whereas the probability of a Type I error has been controlled by the choice of a significance criterion, the Type II error (failing to reject a false null hypothesis) has seldom been controlled. However, the use of the technique of power analysis now makes it possible to control the probability of a Type II error with little more difficulty than the technique used to control the probability of a Type I error.

scholarly journals Meningkatkan Kemampuan Pemahaman Matematis Mahasiswa melalui Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Formulate-Share-Listen-Create (FSLC)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Angra Meta Ruswana
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Mathematical Understanding ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Education Study ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Level I ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Better Than

Improving Students' Mathematical Understanding Ability through Formulate-Share-Listen-Create (FSLC) Cooperative Learning. The aim of this research is to examine and to describe improvement in students' mathematical understanding ability using cooperative learning of Formulate-Share-Listen-Create (FSLC) type. The study was conducted at the Mathematics Education Study Program of Galuh University on Level I students of the 2018/2019 Academic Year. The research method used is Quasi-Experiment. To get the research data, the instrument was used in the form of a test of mathematical understanding ability. Data analysis was performed on data n-gain to see the difference improvement in mathematical understanding ability. The results of the research showed that the improvement in students' mathematical understanding ability between students using cooperative learning of Formulate-Share-Listen-Create (FSLC) type was better than students who used conventional learning.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pendekatan Problem Posing Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Matematika Siswa Berdasarkan Gaya Kognitif

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Muhammad Muzaini
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Achievement ◽  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Conventional Approach ◽  
Problem Posing ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Better Than

[Bahasa]: Penelitian eksperimen ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: 1) perbedaan prestasi belajar matematika siswa antara siswa yang bergaya kognitif field independent diajar dengan pendekatan problem posing dan siswa diajar yang dengan pendekatan konvensional; 2) perbedaan prestasi belajar matematika siswa antara siswa  bergaya kognitif field dependent yang diajar dengan pendekatan problem posing dan siswa  yang diajar dengan pendekatan konvensional; dan 3) interaksi antara pendekatan pembelajaran dengan gaya kognitif terhadap prestasi belajar siswa. Instrumen penelitian yaitu lembar observasi aktivitas guru, lembar observasi aktivitas siswa, instrumen GEFT, dan angket respon siswa. Analisis data menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan inferensial dengan bantuan SPSS versi 16,0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prestasi belajar matematika siswa yang bergaya kognitif field independent yang diajar dengan pendekatan problem posing lebih baik dari prestasi belajar siswa yang diajar dengan pendekatan konvensional, ada perbedaan prestasi belajar matematika siswa yang mempunyai gaya kognitif field dependent yang diajar dengan pendekatan problem posing dan prestasi belajar matematika siswa yang diajar dengan pendekatan konvensional, dan tidak ada interaksi antara pendekatan problem posing dan gaya kognitif terhadap prestasi belajar matematika siswa. [English]: This experimental research aims to find out: 1) the difference of mathematics achievement of students who have field-independent cognitive style taught with problem posing and conventional approach; 2) the difference of mathematics achievement of students who have field-dependent cognitive style taught with problem posing and conventional approach; and 3) interaction between learning approach and cognitive style towards students’ mathematics achievement. The instruments of this research are teacher’s observation sheet, students’ activity observation sheet, GEFT instrument, and the questionnaire of students’ response. Research data is analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS version 16,0. The research found that mathematics achievement of students who have field-independent taught with problem posing is better than those who taught with conventional approach, field-dependent students have different mathematics achievement that taught with problem posing and conventional approach, and there is no interaction between problem posing approach and cognitive style towards mathematics achievement of students.

scholarly journals Where Does Evidence from New Trials for Schizophrenia Fit with the Existing Evidence: A Case of the Emperor's New Clothes?

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahesh Jayaram ◽  
Ranganath D. Rattehalli ◽  
Clive E. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Atypical Antipsychotics ◽  
Antipsychotic Drugs ◽  
Cost Utility ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Type Ii Error ◽  
Pragmatic Trials ◽  
Cochrane Reviews ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Existing Data ◽  
Better Than

Advent of “atypical” antipsychotics has spawned new trials in the recent years and the number of such trial reports has been increasing exponentially. As clinicians we have been led to believe that “atypicals” are better than “typicals” despite the odd dissenting voice in academic and clinical circles. This has been largely ignored until the publication of two landmark, independent, pragmatic trials, Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) and Cost Utility of the Latest Antipsychotic Drugs in Schizophrenia Study (CUtLASS), which proved that thoughtfully chosen “typical” antipsychotics were as good as the newer “atypicals.” We pooled “leaving the study early data” from Cochrane Reviews that existed before CATIE and CUtLASS and added data from CATIE and CUtLASS to the pool for a “before and after” comparison. Addition of CATIE and CUtLASS data only led to narrowing of the already existing confidence intervals, merely increasing precision, and decreasing the risk of Type II error. Perhaps surprisingly, CATIE and CUtLASS when pooled with the already existing data showed us that we had chosen to turn a blind eye to findings that already existed. This leads clinicians to question as to whether, in future, we need to feel less guilty about crying out early on that the emperor has no clothes on.

Removal of inelastically scattered electrons substantially increases phase contrast on frozen-hydrated molecules

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 652-653
Author(s):  
John P. Langmore ◽  
Brian D. Athey
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Biological Structure ◽  
Bright Field ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Negative Stain ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Better Than

Although electron diffraction indicates better than 0.3nm preservation of biological structure in vitreous ice, the imaging of molecules in ice is limited by low contrast. Thus, low-dose images of frozen-hydrated molecules have significantly more noise than images of air-dried or negatively-stained molecules. We have addressed the question of the origins of this loss of contrast. One unavoidable effect is the reduction in scattering contrast between a molecule and the background. In effect, the difference in scattering power between a molecule and its background is 2-5 times less in a layer of ice than in vacuum or negative stain. A second, previously unrecognized, effect is the large, incoherent background of inelastic scattering from the ice. This background reduces both scattering and phase contrast by an additional factor of about 3, as shown in this paper. We have used energy filtration on the Zeiss EM902 in order to eliminate this second effect, and also increase scattering contrast in bright-field and dark-field.

An old friend is better than two new ones? Approaches to market research in the context of digital transformation for the antitrust laws enforcement

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Shastitko ◽  
O. A. Markova
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Market Definition ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Type Ii Errors

Digital transformation has led to changes in business models of traditional players in the existing markets. What is more, new entrants and new markets appeared, in particular platforms and multisided markets. The emergence and rapid development of platforms are caused primarily by the existence of so called indirect network externalities. Regarding to this, a question arises of whether the existing instruments of competition law enforcement and market analysis are still relevant when analyzing markets with digital platforms? This paper aims at discussing advantages and disadvantages of using various tools to define markets with platforms. In particular, we define the features of the SSNIP test when being applyed to markets with platforms. Furthermore, we analyze adjustment in tests for platform market definition in terms of possible type I and type II errors. All in all, it turns out that to reduce the likelihood of type I and type II errors while applying market definition technique to markets with platforms one should consider the type of platform analyzed: transaction platforms without pass-through and non-transaction matching platforms should be tackled as players in a multisided market, whereas non-transaction platforms should be analyzed as players in several interrelated markets. However, if the platform is allowed to adjust prices, there emerges additional challenge that the regulator and companies may manipulate the results of SSNIP test by applying different models of competition.

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