scholarly journals PENGARUH CAMPURAN LIMBAH TUNGGAK KAYU TUMIH (Combretocarpus rotundatus (Miq) Danser) DAN LIMBAH KAYU GALAM (Melaleuca cajuputi) TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK BRIKET ARANG DARI KAYU KHAS LAHAN BASAH DI KALIMANTAN SELATAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 432
Author(s):  
Noor Mirad Sari ◽  
Violet Violet ◽  
Khairun Nisa ◽  
Syamsudin Syamsudin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Wood Waste ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Volatile Matter Content ◽  
Melaleuca Cajuputi

Tumih (Combretocarpus rotundatus (Miq.) Danser) and Galam (Melaleuca cajuputi) are typical vegetation of the wetlands of South Kalimantan. Tumih and galam wood waste can be made into charcoal briquettes which have economic value. The aims of this study were: 1) Analyzing the characteristics of charcoal briquettes, namely: water content, density, ash content, volatile matter content, bound carbon content and calorific value and 2) Knowing the best treatment from a variety of treatments. The design model used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The process of making charcoal briquettes at the Forest Products Technology Laboratory. Testing the characteristics of charcoal briquettes was done at the Laboratory of the Research and Industrial Standardization Institute (BARISTAND) Banjarbaru. The results of the analysis of diversity showed that the mixed treatment of tumih wood waste and galam wood waste had a very significant effect on water content, ash content, volatile matter content, bound carbon content and calorific value, but had no significant effect on density. The water content of charcoal briquettes from galam wood waste and tumih wood waste and the combination of a mixture of galam wood waste and tumih wood waste ranged from 6.1133-10.6667 %, the average density value was between 0.5228-0.5897 g/cm3, the average value The average ash content is between 1.3000-2.9300%, the volatile matter content shows an average range of 41.6333-48.4767%, the average value of bound carbon content is 37.9267-50.5400% and the average calorific value ranged from 5084.41 to 6230.59 cal/g. Treatment A3 (25% galam wood waste + 75% tumih wood waste is the best treatment and meets American standards for moisture content and calorific value. Ash content of all treatments are A1. A2, A3 and A4 meet American standards.

scholarly journals PENGARUH SUHU DAN WAKTU KARBONISASI TERHADAP NILAI KALOR DAN KARAKTERISTIK PADA PEMBUATAN BIOARANG BERBAHAN BAKU PELEPAH AREN (Arenga pinnata)

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Erwin Junary ◽  
Julham Prasetya Pane ◽  
Netti Herlina
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Renewable Biomass ◽  
Volatile Matter Content ◽  
Temperature Variable

The availability of the petroleum fuels that deprived from fossil is depleted with the increase of human population. The challenge for this fuel shortage crisis can certainly be anticipated with the manufacture of fuels deprived from renewable biomass. The study of this research is to create a biocharcoal deprived from sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) with the optimum carbonization time and temperature in order to obtain a biocharcoal with the highest calorific value. Biocharcoal is a charcoal created from biomass. The study of the determination of the optimum conditions for the manufacture of biocharcoal from sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) has a temperature variable of 300, 350, 400, 450 and 500 0C and time variable of 60, 90 and 120 minutes. Sugar palm was first cut into a small pieces and dried up under the sun and then put into a furnace to carbonate it according to the predetermined variables. The product from furnace was then put inside a desicator to cool it off for 30 minutes and then analyze it with moisture content test, ash content test, volatile matter content test, carbon content test and calorific value test. The best result was obtained at the temperature of 350 0C and 120 minutes of carbonization with the calorific value of 8611,2581 cal/gr, moisture content of %, ash content of %, volatile matter content of % and carbon content of %. Based of the calorific value obtained, the result shows that sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) biocharcoal could be utilize as an renewable alternative source fuels

scholarly journals Characteristics of Peanut Skin Briquettes and Rice Husk Using the Torefaction Method in a Microwave Oven

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
Kuntang Winangun ◽  
Fauzan Masykur ◽  
M. Malyadi ◽  
Rendy Cahyono
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Peanut Shell ◽  
Rice Husks ◽  
Peanut Skin

Biomass briquettes are an alternative to fossil energy. Biomass briquette material has a large capacity and is easily available in the surrounding environment. The purpose of this study was to determine the value of water content, value of ash content, value of volatile matter content, value of bound carbon content and calorific value of mixed briquettes of peanut shell and rice husk with three different percentages. First a mixture of 30% peanut shell and 70% rice husk, second a mixture of 50% peanut shell and 50% rice husk, third a mixture of 70% peanut shell and 30% rice husk. From the results of the research data, it can be seen that the lowest water content is in a mixture of 70% peanut shells and 30% rice husks of 14.225. The lowest value of ash content was found in a mixture of 70% peanut shell and 30% rice husk at 13.873%. The lowest value of volatile substances was found in a mixture of 30% peanut shell and 70% rice husk at 36.712%. The highest value of bound carbon content was found in a mixture of 30% peanut shell and 70% rice husk at 27.028% and the highest calorific value was found in a mixture of 70% peanut shell and 30% rice husk at 5834.60 cal / g.

scholarly journals Analisis Proksimat Karbon Kulit Kemiri (Aleurites moluccana) dengan Variasi Suhu Karbonisasi

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-163
Author(s):  
Sarifah Mudaim ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Carbonization Temperature ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Carbon Production ◽  
Volatile Matter Content ◽  
Aleurites Moluccana

Candlenut (Aleurites moluccana) is a plant with various benefits. Currently, candlenut is mostly used as a spice, candlenut shells also has a high calorific value so that it can be used as fuel. Candlenut has shells which is an organic waste. Candlenut shells have a hard texture and high carbon content. Most of the candlenut shell is used as fuel and only a small part is used as raw material for carbon production. Candlenut shell have good physical and chemical properties as carbon raw materials. Activated carbon is one of the carbon phases that can be used for various applications. In this paper, we report on the synthesis and characterization of carbon from candlenut shells to obtain high-quality carbon by controlling the carbonization temperature. In carbon production, we use variations in carbonization temperatures of 300, 400, 500, 600 and 700 C. Proximate analysis was carried out to determine the moisture content, ash content, volatile matter content and bound carbon content. Analysis of the effect of carbonization temperature on the quality of carbon from candlenut shells resulted in the highest carbon in the sample with a temperature of 700 C, producing carbon with 5.32% moisture content, 9.40% ash content, 12.76% volatile matter content, and fix carbon content 72,52%

scholarly journals PRODUKSI KARBON AKTIF DARI BATUBARA BITUMINUS DENGAN AKTIVASI TUNGGAL H3PO4, KOMBINASI H3PO4-NH4HCO3, DAN TERMAL

REAKTOR ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esthi Kusdarini ◽  
Agus Budianto ◽  
Desyana Ghafarunnisa
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Active Carbon ◽  
Bituminous Coal ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Volatile Matter Content

Abstract ACTIVE CARBON PRODUCTION OF BITUMINOUS COAL WITH SINGLE ACTIVITY H3PO4, H3PO4 COMBINE WITH NH4HCO3, AND THERMAL. Bituminous coal has a good potential to be utilized as activated carbon because it has high carbon, which is between 54-86%. The purpose of research was to obtain moisture content data, ash content, volatile matter, fixed carbon, absorption of iodine (iodine), area surface and the volume of pore activated carbon. Another aim was to study the effect of reagent types and concentrations of H3PO4 reagent and NH4HCO3 reagent to the characteristics of the activated carbon. The study was conducted in six stages: 1) carbonization; 2) chemical activation; 3) neutralizing; 4) filtering; 5) activation in physics; and 6) cooling. The renewal of this study is the use of reagents combination H3PO4-NH4HCO3. The results showed that the active carbon which is activated by a combination of  H3PO4  reagent 2 M - NH4HCO3 reagent 2 M and  reagent H3PO4 reagent 2.5 M - reagent NH4HCO3 reagent 2.5 M have the best iodine. Activated carbon is activated using H3PO4 reagent 2 M - NH4HCO3 reagent  2 M containing 7.5% water content; ash content of 9,0%; volatile matter content of 43.3%, 40.2% fixed carbon, iodine 1238.544 mg/g. While activated carbon which is activated using H3PO4reagent 2.5 M - NH4HCO3 reagent 2.5 M contain 7.4% water content; ash content is about 10%; volatile matter content is 39.1%, fixed carbon is 43.5%, iodine 1238.544 mg/g,  surface area 86.213 m2/g, and pore volume 0.0733 cc/g. Keywords: perf activation; coal; bituminous; H3PO4; NH4HCO3; active carbon  Abstrak Batubara bituminus mempunyai potensi bagus untuk dimanfaatkan menjadi karbon aktif karena mempunyai kandungan karbon yang cukup tinggi, yaitu antara 54-86%. Tujuan penelitian adalah memperoleh data kadar air, kadar abu, kadar zat terbang, fixed carbon, daya serap terhadap iodium (bilangan iodin), luas permukaan, dan volume pori karbon aktif. Tujuan lainnya adalah mempelajari pengaruh jenis dan konsentrasi reagen H3PO4 dan NH4HCO3 terhadap karakteristik karbon aktif. Penelitian dilakukan dalam enam tahap : 1) karbonisasi; 2) aktivasi secara kimia; 3) penetralan;; 4) penyaringan; 5) aktivasi secara fisika; 6) pendinginan. Pembaharuan dalam penelitian ini adalah penggunaan kombinasi reagen H3PO4-NH4HCO3. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karbon aktif yang diaktivasi dengan kombinasi reagen H3PO4  2 M - NH4HCO3 2 M dan H3PO4  2,5 M - NH4HCO3 2,5 M mempunyai bilangan iodin terbaik. Karbon aktif yang diaktivasi menggunakan reagen H3PO4  2 M - NH4HCO3 2 M mengandung kadar air 7,5%, kadar abu 9,0%, kadar zat terbang 43,3%, fixed carbon 40,2%, bilangan iodin 1238,544 mg/g. Sedangkan karbon aktif yang diaktivasi menggunakan reagen H3PO4  2,5 M - NH4HCO3 2,5 M mengandung kadar air 7,4%, kadar abu 10%, kadar zat terbang 39,1%, fixed carbon 43,5%, bilangan iodin 1238,544 mg/g, luas permukaan 86,213 m2/g, dan volume pori 0,0733 cc/g. Kata kunci: aktivasi; batubara; bituminus; H3PO4; NH4HCO3; karbon aktif

scholarly journals BIOPELET DARI LIMBAH CANGKANG KEMIRI (ALEURITES MOLUCCANA) DENGAN CAMPURAN BIOMASSA LIMBAH BATANG SAGU (METROXYLON SAGU) DAN SERBUK GERGAJI SEBAGAI SUMBER ENERGI ALTERNATIF

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-180
Author(s):  
Widia Istiani ◽  
Evi Sribudiani ◽  
Sonia Somadona
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Volatile Matter Content ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Aleurites Moluccana

Utilization of biomass as biopellet is a solution for the creation of renewable alternative energy. So that a research was conducted on the manufacture of biopellets from waste shells of candlenut (Aleurites moluccana) with a mixture of waste biomass from sago stems (Metroxylon sago) and sawdust. This study aims to determine the quality and determine the composition of the best raw materials in biopellets. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) method with four treatments and five replications. The raw materials are dried for 3 days, then mashed and filtered, then the raw materials are mixed with adhesive and printed, the last parameter is tested. The results showed that the water content, calorific value, and volatile matter content of the biopellet met the SNI standard. 8021:2014. However, in the density and ash content test, the biopellet did not meet the SNI 8021:2014 standard. The best biopellet composition was obtained in treatment P2 with the addition of 10% of the total weight of biomass with a moisture content of 9.96%, density 0.31g/cm3, calorific value 4.232 cal/g, and ash content 11.3%, and volatile matter content of 73 ,69%

scholarly journals Analysis of the Quality of Mixed Coconut Shell Waste Briquettes with Various Biomass Additives as Alternative Fuels

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusraida Khairani Dalimunthe ◽  
Sugiatmo Kasmungin ◽  
Listiana Satiawati ◽  
Thariq Madani ◽  
Teuku Ananda Rizky
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Bamboo Charcoal ◽  
A Value ◽  
Shell Waste

The purpose of this study was to see the best quality of briquettes from the main ingredient of coconut shell waste<br />with various biomass additives to see the calorific value, moisture content, ash content, and volatile matter<br />content of the biomass mixture. Furthermore, further research will be carried out specifically to see the quality of<br />briquettes from a mixture of coconut shell waste and sawdust. The method used in this research is to conduct a<br />literature study of various literature related to briquettes from coconut shell waste mixed with various additives<br />specifically and then look at the best quality briquettes produced from these various pieces of literature. As for<br />what is determined as the control variable of this study is coconut shell waste and as an independent variable,<br />namely coffee skin waste, rice husks, water hyacinth, Bintaro fruit, segon wood sawdust, coconut husk, durian<br />skin, bamboo charcoal, areca nut skin, and leather waste. sago with a certain composition. Furthermore, this<br />paper also describes the stages of making briquettes from coconut shell waste and sawdust for further testing of<br />the calorific value, moisture content, ash content, volatile matter content on a laboratory scale for further<br />research. From various literatures, it was found that the highest calorific value was obtained from a mixture of<br />coconut shell waste and bamboo charcoal with a value of 7110.7288 cal / gr and the lowest calorific value was<br />obtained from a mixture of coconut shell waste and sago shell waste with a value of 114 cal / gr, then for the value<br />The highest water content was obtained from a mixture of coconut shell waste and rice husk with a value of<br />37.70% and the lowest water content value was obtained from a mixture of coconut shell waste 3.80%, then for the<br />highest ash content value was obtained from a mixture of coconut shell waste and coffee skin with a value of<br />20.862% and for the lowest ash content value obtained from a mixture of coconut shell and Bintaro fruit waste,<br />namely 2%, and for the highest volatile matter content value obtained from a mixture of coconut shell and coconut<br />husk waste with a value of 33.45% and for the value of volatile matter levels The lowest was obtained from a<br />mixture of coconut shell waste and sago skin waste with a value of 33 , 45%.

scholarly journals PEMBUATAN BIOBRIKET DARI GAMBUT DAN AMPAS TEBU SEBAGAI SUMBER BELAJAR MATERI ILMU KIMIA DAN PERANANNYA

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Lisa Mariati ◽  
Yusbarina Yusbarina
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Mass Variation ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Alternative Source

AbstractHuman needs on fossil fuels is increasing, but the source is limited.  Thus, a renewable alternative source is needed.  One of them is Biomass.  Biomass fuel can be in the form of bio-briquette. Bio-briquette utilization as fuel is based on the carbon content contained in Biomass such as peat and bagasse.  This research aimed at knowing bio-briquette quality as fuel and learning source at senior high school.  Bio-briquette prepared with variation of peat and bagasse mass composition were 40: 0, 30: 10, 20: 20, 10: 30, 0: 40 (g: g).  Bio-briquette was made by using 20 g adhesive kanji.  Bio-briquette quality tested was done by testing the water content, ash content, volatile matter, fixed carbon, calorific value, and duration of flame.  Bio-briquette the best quality is the mass variation of G 10g: 30g AT with water content of 3.93%, ash content of 6.33%, volatile matter of 46.60%, fixed carbon of 43.14%, calorific  value of 5986 cal / g , duration of flame 210 minutes and the mass variation 0g G: 40g AT with water content of 2.33%, ash content of 3.83%, volatile matter of 49.47%, calorific value of 6198 cal / g, duration of flame 250 minutes. Preparing bio-briquette of peat and bagasse as learning source on chemistry material and its implementation was on the category of good (93.33%). Keywords: Bio-briquette, Peat, Bagasse, Quality test

scholarly journals UJI MUTU BRIKET DARI PENCAMPURAN JERAMI DAN SEKAM PADI DARI LIMBAH PASCA PANEN DI LAHAN GAMBUT

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 282
Author(s):  
Fonny Rianawati ◽  
Zainal Abidin ◽  
Muhammad Naparin
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Combustion Rate ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Rice Husks ◽  
Innovation And Technology ◽  
Density Values ◽  
Quality Value

This study aims to conduct a study of the quality value of briquettes made from mixing straw and rice husks which include a flame test and combustion rate which is expected to be used to educate people around the forest by providing innovation and technology regarding the use of post-harvest waste. The results showed that the value of the quality of briquettes made from variations in the mixing of straw and rice husks including the flame test of the combustion rate obtained results, for treatment A (100% straw) of 0.68 gr/minute, treatment B (100% husk) of 0 ,57 gr/minute, treatment C (Husk 75% + Straw 25%) was 0.40 gr/minute, treatment D (Husk 25% + Straw 75%) was 0.46 r/minute and treatment E (Husk 50% + Straw 50%) of 0.43 gr/minute. The value of the flame to boiling time for treatment A = 38.62 minutes, treatment B = 31.05, treatment C = 23.22 minutes, treatment D = 36.05 and treatment E = 27.95 minutes. Density values of all treatments, and the water content for treatment B and treatment C can meet SII. While other parameters: ash content, volatile matter, bound carbon and calorific value still cannot meet the standards, so it is recommended to carry out further research with other variations of treatment, in order to obtain briquettes with quality that can meet the standards.

scholarly journals Chemical Properties of Charcoal Briquette with Composition Types of Gerunggang (Cratoxylon Arborescens) and Tumih (Combretocarpus Rotundatus) Wood from Tropical Peatlands

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Alpian ◽  
Raynold Panjaitan ◽  
Adi Jaya ◽  
Yanciluk ◽  
Wahyu Supriyati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Pioneer Plants

Charcoal briquettes can be an alternative energy and can be produced from Gerunggang and Tumih types of wood. These two types of wood are commonly found in Kalampangan Village as pioneer plants on burned peatlands. The research objective was to determine the chemical properties of charcoal briquettes produced from biomass waste from land processing without burning with several compositions of Gerunggang wood and Tumih wood. The chemical properties of charcoal briquettes refer to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 01-6235-2000) and Standard Permen ESDM No. 047 of 2006. The results showed that all composition treatments in the ash content test, fixed carbon content and calorific value met the standards, while the test for volatile content in all treatment compositions did not meet the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 01-6235-2000). The composition of the most potential chemical properties and following the two standards used is the composition of 100% Tumih with ash content of 7.67%, volatile matter content of 27.23%, fixed carbon of 55.00%, and heating value of 5902.18 cal/g.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF BINDER RATIO ON THE PHYSICAL AND COMBUSTION CHARACTERISTICS OF CARBONIZED RICE STALK BRIQUETTES

2020 ◽  
pp. 221-229
Author(s):  
Rapheal Ige ◽  
Elinge Ogala ◽  
Cosmos Moki ◽  
Abdulrahman Habeeb
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Binder Ratio ◽  
Fixed Carbon Content

The selection or choice of agro-waste briquettes for domestic and industrial cottage applications depends on the fuel properties. In this study, the briquette was produced by carbonizing the rice stalk followed by crushing and sieving, the binder was prepared by dissolving the starch in hot water, then mixed with the sieved carbonized rice stalk and then the briquette was produced using the briquetting machine. Proximate analyses, viability, characteristics and combustion were determined to know the average composition of their constituents. From the results obtained it was observed that ash content, moisture content, after glow and ignition propagation decrease as the binder ratio increase while fixed carbon content, volatile matter, calorific value, density and compressive strength increase. The results of this work indicate that briquettes produced using high concentration of the binder would make good biomass fuels. However, it has a high moisture content of 25.00%, high ash content of 23.00%, moderate volatile matter of 44.80%, low fixed carbon content of 32.20%, moderate calorific value of 13.86 MJ/Kg and high density of 0.643g/cm3. The results obtained for all the parameters showed that rice stalks briquettes produced with high concentration of the binder (starch) had a better performance based on their combustion profile.

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