Toxicology studies and antibacterial activities of the ethyl acetate extract of Piliostigma reticulatum

A total of 17 endophytic fungal isolates were obtained from the leaves of Mentha cordifolia Opiz (Lamiaceae). Seven isolates were identified to the level of genus by using taxonomically relevant morphological traits. Colletotrichum and Phomopsis species were dominant among these strains. All strains were separated from M. cordifolia leaf for the first time. The ethyl acetate extracts of all endophytic fungi were tested for antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhimurium TISTR1166 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa TISTR781. Most endophytes exhibited antibacterial activity. Ustilago sp. MFLUCC15-1024 presented the highest inhibition zone diameter with a MIC of 31.25 μg/mL against the tested pathogens. The chemical composition of the ethyl acetate extract of this strain was investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Twenty-one components were identified. 2-Phenylethanol (38.7%), E-ligustilide (12.4%), α-eudesmol (10.2%), β-vetivone (4.6%), β-ylangene (3.7%) and verbanol (3.4%) were the major components of the extract. The strong antibacterial activity of Ustilago sp. MFLUCC15-1024 ethyl acetate extract may be attributed to the presence of a high concentration of bioactive compounds including phenyl ethyl alcohol, E-ligustilide and α-eudesmol. The results indicate that there is high diversity of endophytic fungi in M. cordifolia leaf, and that Ustilago sp. MFLUCC15-1024 strain could be an excellent resource of natural antibacterial compounds.

Download Full-text

A New Antibacterial Tetrahydronaphthalene Lignanamide, Foveolatamide, from the Stems of Ficus Foveolata

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1601100127 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 1934578X1601100

Author(s):

Wirod Meerungrueang ◽

Parkphoom Panichayupakaranant

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

First Report ◽

Antibacterial Assay

An antibacterial assay-guided isolation of the crude ethyl acetate extract from Ficus foveolata stems afforded four compounds, including a tetrahydronaphthalene lignanamide, foveolatamide (1), together with two known lignanamides, flavifloramide B (2) and N-trans-grossamide (3), and a known phenolic amide, N-trans-feruloyltyramine (4). The structures of these compounds were established on the basis of NMR spectroscopic and MS techniques. Among the isolated compounds, only 1 showed satisfactory antibacterial activities against Streptococcus pyogenes, with an MIC and MBC value of 45 μM. This is the first report of these four compounds from the stems of F. foveolata.

Download Full-text

ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF MANGROVE Brugueira gymnorrhiza STEM EXTRACTS AGAINST PATHOGENIC BACTERIA Vibrio cholerae

Acta Biochimica Indonesiana ◽

10.32889/actabioina.v3i2.51 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 53-61

Author(s):

Angga Crystal Loasana Yami ◽

Irmanida Batubara ◽

Kholis Abdurachim Audah

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Vibrio Cholerae ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Ic50 Value ◽

Dpph Method

Background : The treatment of some diseases caused by free radicals and pathogenic bacteria usually by using antioxidants and antibiotics. Due to excessive use of antibiotics and other environmental cues, some bacteria are now resistant to certain antibiotics or even to multiple antibiotics. Some Vibrio cholerae bacterial strains are multiresistant to many antibiotics.Objective : The antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Brugueira gymnorrhiza stem extracts against pathogenic bacteria V. cholerae.Method : The B. gymnorrhiza stem was extracted by gradient maceration method. The DPPH method was used to determine the antioxidant activity and the disc diffusion method was used to determine the antibacterial activities. The column chromatography method was used to fractionate the selective extract with the best activity. The LC-MS/MS method was used to identify the compound obtained from the fraction with the best antioxidant and antibacterial activity.Result : Ethyl acetate extract of B. gymnorrhiza stem had the best antibacterial activity with MIC and MBC values of 62.50 mg/L. Ethyl acetate extract also showed the best value of antioxidant activity as indicated by an IC50 value of 255.03 mg/L. The results of fractions test showed that fraction 3 had the best antibacterial and the best antioxidant activities with both the MIC and MBC values of 7.90 mg/L and IC50 value of 348.91 mg/L, respectively.Conclusion : Ethyl acetate extract of B. gymnorrhiza stem has good potential as antioxidant and antibacterial. The compound which is thought as antioxidant and antibacterial from Ethyl acetate extract is 2-Ethyl-4-methyl-1H-imidazole.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of Antibacterial and Acute Oral Toxicity of Impatiens Tinctoria A. Rich Root

10.21203/rs.3.rs-64882/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sileshi Degu ◽

Abiy Abebe ◽

Negero Gemeda ◽

Adane Bitew

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Fungal Infections ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Acute Oral Toxicity ◽

Oral Toxicity ◽

Antimicrobial Drugs ◽

Acute Toxicity Study ◽

Oral Acute Toxicity

Abstract Background: Infections due to a variety of bacterial etiologic agents become common and are taking the big share of morbidity and mortality. On the other way, development of antibacterial drug resistance has been commonly reported from all over the world. As a solution of stated problems scientific studies have to be conducted on the traditional medicinal plants to develop new, effective and safe antimicrobial drugs since plants are important sources. Traditionally, the study plant (I. tinctoria A. Rich) used to treat fungal infections like ring worms that cause tinea pedis and it has also different medicinal values .These were some of the provoking information to undertake the evaluation of antibacterial activities with its oral acute toxicity study. Objectives: To evaluate the antibacterial activities and acute oral toxicity of aqueous, ethanol and ethyl acetate root extracts of Impatiens tinctoria A. Rich.Methods: The roots of Impatiens tinctoria A. Rich were extracted using solvents of water, ethanol and ethyl acetate. Agar well diffusion for preliminary antibacterial screening and agar dilution methods for determination of minimal inhibitory concentration were used. The minimum bactericidal concentration of the extracts was determined. by taking inoculums from all concentrations of the plant extract plates exhibiting invisible growth (from inhibition zone of minimal inhibitory concentration plates) and subcultures onto appropriate media plate. Finally, the plant extracts were subjected to oral acute toxicity study according to the organization of economic co-operation and development test Guidelines 420. Result: Gram positive bacteria were more susceptible to the extracts compared to gram negative bacteria especially against S. aureus and S. epidermis which are commonly found in the skin even though the traditional application is to control fungal infections and to toughen the skin. Ethyl acetate extract was more potent than ethanol and aqueous extracts. The LD50 was above 9600 mg/kg.Conclusion: This study provides scientific basis as the root of I.tinctoria A.Rich had a promising antibacterial activity in extract dependent manner in which ethyl acetate extract showed better potency. Therefore, the antibacterial potential and practically non toxicness of the study plant could take the attention of scientific communities for the development of new, effective and safe antimicrobial drugs by further studying the plant in different directions.

Download Full-text

Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Leaf Extracts from Juglans sinensis, and its Phenolic Compositions

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1701201138 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 1934578X1701201

Author(s):

Kook-Il Han ◽

Eui-Gil Jung ◽

Bharat Bhusan Patnaik ◽

Chang-Il Hong ◽

Young-Jun Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

High Performance ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Farming Practices ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Concentration Method

The beneficial properties of walnut depend on climate, genotype, and farming practices. We investigated the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Juglans sinensis Dode cultivars grown in South Korea. Antibacterial activities were assessed using the minimum inhibitory concentration method and antioxidant activities using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) assays. Ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts of J. sinensis leaves showed the highest antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus SG511, Klebsiella aerogenes 1522E, and/or Enterobacter cloacae P99. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were found to be highest in the ethyl acetate extract. The total flavonoid and polyphenolic contents in the extract were 219.27 mg/g quercetin equivalents and 245.11 mg/g of gallic acid equivalents, respectively. Phenolic acids (gallic and vanillic) and flavonoids (catechin, rutin, and juglone) were detected by high performance liquid chromatography. We conclude that J. sinensis cultivars provide accessible sources of natural antibacterials and antioxidants.

Download Full-text

A Comparative Study on Antioxidation and Antibacterial Activities Triphala Herb Extracts from Chae Son, Lampang, Thailand

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2019/v31i630384 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Wilart Pompimon ◽

Wipanoot Baison ◽

Angkhana Chuajedton ◽

Phansuang Udomputtimekakul ◽

Punchavee Sombutsiri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Methanolic Extracts

Introduction: Triphala, a herbal medicine which is a product from Chae Son, Lampang, Thailand, is an unequal-proportional mixture of fruits of three herbs, Phyllanthus emblica, Terminalia chebula, and Terminalia bellirica (2:1:1). Materials and Methods: The contemporary study concentrated on extracts detection and comparative analysis between various annual year (A.D.2017/2018) activities in hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanolic extracts of Triphala. The determination of antioxidant was using by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The broth dilution and agar well diffusion assay were determined antibacterial. Results: Results exposed the valuable biological activity extracts from ethyl acetate and methanol solvents of T. chebula and T. bellirica, which strength is accountable for biological activities. Extracts displayed acceptable radical-scavenging activity analogous with ascorbic acid. The methanol extract of T. bellirica (0.0013 mg/mL), ethyl acetate extract of P. emblica (0.0009 mg/mL), in A.D. 2017 and the ethyl acetate extract of P. emblica (0.0090 mg/mL), the methanol extract of Triphala (0.0176 mg/mL) in 2018, were exhibited higher antioxidant activity. Also, extracts indicated hopeful antibacterial potential against tested strain comparable to chloramphenicol. Conclusion: The results in A.D. 2017 showed that inhibition zone of P. emblica in ethyl acetate extract; S. aureas (8.67 mm), E. aerogenes (8.67 mm), E. coli (EPEC) (7.67 mm), P. mirabilis (7.73 mm) , S. typhimurium (8.33 mm), S. flexneri (8.33 mm) and V. cholera (7.33 mm) together with P. emblica methanol extract; S. aureas (6.67 mm), E. aerogenes (7.76 mm.) and V. cholera (4.0 mm). Therefore, it could be concluded that Triphala may be a talented candidate in pharmaceutical and future medicine.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of antioxidant, antibacterial and wound healing activities of Vitex pinnata

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.21310.2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 187

Author(s):

Nurul Ashifah Shafie ◽

Nur Atiqah Suhaili ◽

Hussein Taha ◽

Norhayati Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Wound Model ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

Diffusion Assay ◽

Dpph Radical Scavenging ◽

Wound Healing Activity

Background: Vitex pinnata is a popular ethnomedicinal plant but scientific studies to validate its pharmacological properties are lacking for this plant. This study aims to determine the antioxidant, antimicrobial and wound healing properties of the methanolic extract of the leaves and the hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions. Methods: The leaves of Vitex pinnata underwent methanol extraction and the methanol extract was fractionated with hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate solvents. The antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH radical scavenging assay. The antimicrobial activity was assessed by disc diffusion assay against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. For the wound healing studies, the methanolic extracts of V. pinnata were used to prepare ointments with compositions of 10% (w/w) and 50% (w/w), which were evaluated for wound healing activity in an excision wound model in Wistar rats. Results: All the extracts showed antioxidant activities, with the ethyl acetate extract having the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity, followed by the methanol, chloroform and hexane extracts. Similarly, their quercetin equivalent concentrations were 33.1, 31, 20.3 and 4.5 mg/mL, respectively. Except for the methanol extract, the disc diffusion assay showed that the extracts demonstrated species-specific antibacterial activities, with the ethyl acetate extract showing antibacterial activities against all four tested strains. The wound healing activity of the high dose treated group (50% [w/w]) shows significant increase of wound contraction when compared to the control group. Conclusion: In the current study, the ethyl acetate extract showed activity for all tested bacteria and also had the highest DPPH activity. The methanolic extracts of V. pinnata leaves show modest wound healing activity in an excision wound model.

Download Full-text

Comparative study of antioxidant and antibacterial activities in the methanol and ethyl acetate extract of leaf and stem bark of Semecarpus anacardium Linn.

Journal of Nepal Chemical Society ◽

10.3126/jncs.v38i0.27789 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 38 ◽

pp. 58-65

Author(s):

Bishan Datt Bhatt ◽

Chandradip Chhetry

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Semecarpus Anacardium

Available with fulltext.

Download Full-text

Diversity, Chemical Constituents, and Biological Activities of Endophytic Fungi Isolated From Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.771000 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Zizhong Tang ◽

Yihan Qin ◽

Wenhui Chen ◽

Zhiqiao Zhao ◽

Wenjie Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Endophytic Fungi ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Penicillium Oxalicum ◽

Ligusticum Chuanxiong ◽

Butanol Extract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the diversity of endophytic fungi of different parts of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort (CX) and further characterize their biological activities and identify chemical compounds produced by these endophytic fungi. A total of 21 endophytic fungi were isolated and identified from CX. Penicillium oxalicum, Simplicillium sp., and Colletotrichum sp. were identified as promising strains by the color reaction. Comparing different organic extracts of the three strains, it was observed that the ethyl acetate extract of Penicillium oxalicum and Simplicillium sp. and the n-butanol extract of Colletotrichum sp. showed significant antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The ethyl acetate extracts of Penicillium oxalicum had outstanding antioxidant and antibacterial effects, and its radical scavenging rates for ABTS and DPPH were 98.43 ± 0.006% and 90.11 ± 0.032%, respectively. At the same time, their IC50 values were only 0.18 ± 0.02 mg/mL and 0.04 ± 0.003 mg/mL. The ethyl acetate extract of Penicillium oxalicum showed MIC value of only 0.5 mg/mL against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. By liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), we found that Penicillium oxalicum could produce many high-value polyphenols, such as hesperidin (36.06 μmol/g), ferulic acid (1.17 μmol/g), and alternariol (12.64 μmol/g), which can be a potential resource for the pharmaceutical industry. In conclusion, these results increase the diversity of CX endophytic fungi and the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of their secondary metabolites.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of antioxidant, antibacterial and wound healing activities of Vitex pinnata

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.21310.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 187

Author(s):

Nurul Ashifah Shafie ◽

Nur Atiqah Suhaili ◽

Hussein Taha ◽

Norhayati Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Wound Model ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

Diffusion Assay ◽

Dpph Radical Scavenging ◽

Wound Healing Activity

Background: Vitex pinnata is one of the many plants known for its ethnomedicinal properties. However, the pharmacological properties of this plant have not been well studied. This study aims to determine the antioxidant, antimicrobial and wound healing properties of the methanolic extract of the leaves and the hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions. Methods: The leaves of Vitex pinnata underwent methanol extraction and the methanol extract was fractionated with hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate solvents. The antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH radical scavenging assay. The antimicrobial activity was assessed by disc diffusion assay against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. For the wound healing studies, the methanolic extracts of V. pinnata were used to prepare ointments with compositions of 10% (w/w) and 50% (w/w), which were evaluated for wound healing activity in an excision wound model in Wistar rats. Results: All the extracts showed antioxidant activities, with the ethyl acetate extract having the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity, followed by the methanol, chloroform and hexane extracts. Similarly, their quercetin equivalent concentrations were 33.1, 31, 20.3 and 4.5 mg/mL, respectively. Except for the methanol extract, the disc diffusion assay showed that the extracts demonstrated species-specific antibacterial activities, with the ethyl acetate extract showing antibacterial activities against all four tested strains. The wound healing activity of the high dose treated group (50% [w/w]) shows significant increase of wound contraction when compared to the control group. Conclusion: In the current study, the ethyl acetate extract showed activity for all tested bacteria and also had the highest DPPH activity. The methanolic extracts of V. pinnata leaves show modest wound healing activity in an excision wound model.

Download Full-text