scholarly journals Evaluation of Antibacterial and Acute Oral Toxicity of Impatiens Tinctoria A. Rich Root

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sileshi Degu ◽  
Abiy Abebe ◽  
Negero Gemeda ◽  
Adane Bitew
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Oral Acute Toxicity

Abstract Background: Infections due to a variety of bacterial etiologic agents become common and are taking the big share of morbidity and mortality. On the other way, development of antibacterial drug resistance has been commonly reported from all over the world. As a solution of stated problems scientific studies have to be conducted on the traditional medicinal plants to develop new, effective and safe antimicrobial drugs since plants are important sources. Traditionally, the study plant (I. tinctoria A. Rich) used to treat fungal infections like ring worms that cause tinea pedis and it has also different medicinal values .These were some of the provoking information to undertake the evaluation of antibacterial activities with its oral acute toxicity study. Objectives: To evaluate the antibacterial activities and acute oral toxicity of aqueous, ethanol and ethyl acetate root extracts of Impatiens tinctoria A. Rich.Methods: The roots of Impatiens tinctoria A. Rich were extracted using solvents of water, ethanol and ethyl acetate. Agar well diffusion for preliminary antibacterial screening and agar dilution methods for determination of minimal inhibitory concentration were used. The minimum bactericidal concentration of the extracts was determined. by taking inoculums from all concentrations of the plant extract plates exhibiting invisible growth (from inhibition zone of minimal inhibitory concentration plates) and subcultures onto appropriate media plate. Finally, the plant extracts were subjected to oral acute toxicity study according to the organization of economic co-operation and development test Guidelines 420. Result: Gram positive bacteria were more susceptible to the extracts compared to gram negative bacteria especially against S. aureus and S. epidermis which are commonly found in the skin even though the traditional application is to control fungal infections and to toughen the skin. Ethyl acetate extract was more potent than ethanol and aqueous extracts. The LD50 was above 9600 mg/kg.Conclusion: This study provides scientific basis as the root of I.tinctoria A.Rich had a promising antibacterial activity in extract dependent manner in which ethyl acetate extract showed better potency. Therefore, the antibacterial potential and practically non toxicness of the study plant could take the attention of scientific communities for the development of new, effective and safe antimicrobial drugs by further studying the plant in different directions.

scholarly journals Evaluation of antibacterial and acute oral toxicity of Impatiens tinctoria A. Rich root extracts

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0255932
Author(s):  
Sileshi Degu ◽  
Abiy Abebe ◽  
Negero Gemeda ◽  
Adane Bitew
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Aqueous Ethanol ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Root Extracts

The high prevalence of morbidity and mortality from bacterial infections, together with the growing threat of antibacterial resistance, necessitated the development of alternative new drugs from traditional medicine. In Ethiopia, Impatiens tinctoria A. Rich has been traditionally used for the treatment of fungal infections such as ringworms that cause tinea pedis and it have also different medical values. Scientific information on its biological activity against a broad range of bacteria and safety data is scant, compared to its folklore data. In this study, we evaluated antibacterial activities and acute oral toxicity of aqueous, ethanol and ethyl acetate root extracts of Impatiens tinctoria A. Rich. Aqueous, ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of the plant were evaluated using agar hole diffusion and agar dilution methods. Biological activities of the plant extracts were expressed as a zone of inhibition diameter, minimum inhibitory concentration (mg/ml), and minimum bactericidal concentration (mg/ml). The safety studies were performed by oral acute toxicity study according to the organization of economic cooperation and development test Guidelines 420.Gram-positive bacteria were more susceptible to the extracts compared to gram-negative bacteria, especially against S. aureus and S. epidermidis, which are commonly found in the skin. Ethyl acetate extract was more potent than ethanol and aqueous extracts. The 50% lethal dose (LD50) of tested mice was above 9600 mg/kg. This study provides a scientific basis for the antibacterial activity of the root extracts of I. tinctoria A. Rich, where, the ethyl acetate extract showed the most promising activity. Therefore, the antibacterial potential and practical non-toxicity of the study plant extracts suggested the possibility of using it for the development of antimicrobial drugs by further studying the plant in different directions.

scholarly journals Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Leaf Extracts from Juglans sinensis, and its Phenolic Compositions

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1701201
Author(s):  
Kook-Il Han ◽  
Eui-Gil Jung ◽  
Bharat Bhusan Patnaik ◽  
Chang-Il Hong ◽  
Young-Jun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Farming Practices ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Concentration Method

The beneficial properties of walnut depend on climate, genotype, and farming practices. We investigated the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Juglans sinensis Dode cultivars grown in South Korea. Antibacterial activities were assessed using the minimum inhibitory concentration method and antioxidant activities using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) assays. Ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts of J. sinensis leaves showed the highest antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus SG511, Klebsiella aerogenes 1522E, and/or Enterobacter cloacae P99. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were found to be highest in the ethyl acetate extract. The total flavonoid and polyphenolic contents in the extract were 219.27 mg/g quercetin equivalents and 245.11 mg/g of gallic acid equivalents, respectively. Phenolic acids (gallic and vanillic) and flavonoids (catechin, rutin, and juglone) were detected by high performance liquid chromatography. We conclude that J. sinensis cultivars provide accessible sources of natural antibacterials and antioxidants.

scholarly journals ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF EXTRACTS FROM SEEDS OF MUSA BALBISIANA

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (2C) ◽  
pp. 348
Author(s):  
Bui Tan Nghia
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Musa Balbisiana ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Mic Value

In this paper, some extracts from seeds of Musa balbisiana were prepared with somesolvents such as petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and buthanol. The results showed that themicrowave-assisted extraction had high yield. The buthanol and ethanol extracts showed goodantioxidant activity (using reaction with free radical DPPH, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) withIC50 value of 182.6 and 301.8 μg/mL, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration MICof buthanol extract was 22.5 mg/mL with both Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcusaureus. Besides, the ethyl acetate extract had MIC value of 7.5 and 3.5 mg/mL for Enterococcusfaecalisand Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. From results of this study, these extracts arepromising for researches as well as applications in the future.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activities of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Mentha cordifolia Leaves and Their Volatile Constituents

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1601100
Author(s):  
Sakon Monggoot ◽  
Jariya Burawat ◽  
Patcharee Pripdeevech
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Phenyl Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
First Time

A total of 17 endophytic fungal isolates were obtained from the leaves of Mentha cordifolia Opiz (Lamiaceae). Seven isolates were identified to the level of genus by using taxonomically relevant morphological traits. Colletotrichum and Phomopsis species were dominant among these strains. All strains were separated from M. cordifolia leaf for the first time. The ethyl acetate extracts of all endophytic fungi were tested for antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhimurium TISTR1166 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa TISTR781. Most endophytes exhibited antibacterial activity. Ustilago sp. MFLUCC15-1024 presented the highest inhibition zone diameter with a MIC of 31.25 μg/mL against the tested pathogens. The chemical composition of the ethyl acetate extract of this strain was investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Twenty-one components were identified. 2-Phenylethanol (38.7%), E-ligustilide (12.4%), α-eudesmol (10.2%), β-vetivone (4.6%), β-ylangene (3.7%) and verbanol (3.4%) were the major components of the extract. The strong antibacterial activity of Ustilago sp. MFLUCC15-1024 ethyl acetate extract may be attributed to the presence of a high concentration of bioactive compounds including phenyl ethyl alcohol, E-ligustilide and α-eudesmol. The results indicate that there is high diversity of endophytic fungi in M. cordifolia leaf, and that Ustilago sp. MFLUCC15-1024 strain could be an excellent resource of natural antibacterial compounds.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening, Biological Studiesand GC-MS Analysis of Extract of Biden pilosa L

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-93
Author(s):  
Dharma Prasad Khanal ◽  
Rupa Rana ◽  
Bechan Raut ◽  
Rabindra Prasad Dhakal
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Objective: The aim of the research work was to carry out the extraction of areal parts of Biden pilosa L by hydroalcholic and Hexane, ethyl acetate and acetone mixture followed by qualitative phytochemical analysis, acute oral toxicity test, anti-inflammatory test and GC-MS analysis of the extracts. Method: The hydro-alcoholic and HEA(n-hexane, ethyl acetate and acetone) extraction was done from aerial parts using ethanol and water in the ratio 70:30 and n-hexane, ethyl acetate and acetone in the ratio of 1:1:1 (HEA extract)  respectively. Acute oral toxicity testwas performed OECD guidelines. The single spot in TLC was obtained using n-hexane as solvent for HEA fraction and finally phytocomponents were identified by GC-MS present in that spot.In vitro anti-inflammatory activity was performed by human RBC membrane stabilization method. Result: The phytochemical test results obtained indicate that hydro-alcoholic extract of aerial part of Bidens pilosa L. possess alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids and saponins whereas HEA extract possess alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins. Both hydro-alcoholic and HEA extracts were found to be safe up to the dose of 2000 mg/kg BW of the mice. Both extracts showed significant in vitro anti-inflammatory activity in a concentration dependent manner. The GC-MS analysis of HEA extract of aerial parts showed the presence of the sixteen different compounds from partially separated extract from TLC plates. Conclusion: Hydro-alcoholic extract of aerial part of Bidens pilosa L. possess alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids and saponins whereas HEA extract possess alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins. Both hydro-alcoholic and HEA extracts were found to be safe up to the dose of 2000 mg/kg BW of the mice. The GC-MS analysis of HEA extract of aerial parts showed the presence of the sixteen different compounds.

scholarly journals Acute Oral Toxicity of Pinnatoxin G in Mice

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvio Sosa ◽  
Marco Pelin ◽  
Federica Cavion ◽  
Fabienne Hervé ◽  
Philipp Hess ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Oral Exposure ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study

Pinnatoxin G (PnTx-G) is a marine cyclic imine toxin produced by the dinoflagellate Vulcanodinium rugosum, frequently detected in edible shellfish from Ingril Lagoon (France). As other pinnatoxins, to date, no human poisonings ascribed to consumption of PnTx-G contaminated seafood have been reported, despite its potent antagonism at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and its high and fast-acting toxicity after intraperitoneal or oral administration in mice. The hazard characterization of PnTx-G by oral exposure is limited to a single acute toxicity study recording lethality and clinical signs in non-fasted mice treated by gavage or through voluntary food ingestion, which showed differences in PnTx-G toxic potency. Thus, an acute toxicity study was carried out using 3 h-fasted CD-1 female mice, administered by gavage with PnTx-G (8–450 µg kg−1). At the dose of 220 µg kg−1 and above, the toxin induced a rapid onset of clinical signs (piloerection, prostration, hypothermia, abdominal breathing, paralysis of the hind limbs, and cyanosis), leading to the death of mice within 30 min. Except for moderate mucosal degeneration in the small intestine recorded at doses of 300 µg kg−1, the toxin did not induce significant morphological changes in the other main organs and tissues, or alterations in blood chemistry parameters. This acute oral toxicity study allowed to calculate an oral LD50 for PnTx-G equal to 208 μg kg−1 (95% confidence limits: 155–281 µg kg−1) and to estimate a provisional NOEL of 120 µg kg−1.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Few Medicinal Plants against Clinically Isolated Human Cariogenic Pathogens—An In Vitro Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Shyla Jebashree ◽  
S. Jayasurya Kingsley ◽  
Emmanuel S. Sathish ◽  
D. Devapriya
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Terminalia Chebula ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Mimusops Elengi

Hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol and methanol extracts of Psidium guajava, Terminalia chebula, Mimusops elengi and Achyranthes aspera were tested against the dental caries causing bacteria Streptococcus mutans and fungus Candida albicans isolated from caries infected patients. All the four extracts of P. guajava showed activity against both S. mutans and C. albicans. Maximum zone of inhibition was observed in ethyl acetate of P. guajava. The four extracts of T. chebula and M. elengi showed antibacterial activity against S. mutans. M. elengi extracts and ethanol extract of T. chebula did not show any antifungal activity against C. albicans. Except for the hexane extract of A. aspera, the other three extracts showed activity against the tested microbes. The ethyl acetate P. guajava leaf extract showed the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against S. mutans to be <0.076 mg/mL in both MHB and BHI. The P. guajava ethyl acetate extract was subjected to GC-MS.

scholarly journals Kandungan Fitokimia, Potensi Antibakteri dan Antioksidan Hasil Ekstraksi Caulerpa racemosa dengan Pelarut Berbeda

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Endar Marraskuranto ◽  
Muhammad Nursid ◽  
Swestri Utami ◽  
Iriani Setyaningsih ◽  
Kustiariyah Tarman
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Caulerpa Racemosa ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antibacterial Assay ◽  
Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power

Caulerpa racemosa merupakan rumput laut hijau yang mengandung senyawa aktif yang berpotensi sebagai antibakteri dan antioksidan. Perbedaan profil fitokimia dan bioaktivitas suatu ekstrak dipengaruhi oleh kepolaran pelarut ekstraksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari profil fitokimia, aktivitas antibakteri dan antioksidan ekstrak C. racemosa. Ekstrak diperoleh dari sampel segar C. racemosa yang dimaserasi menggunakan pelarut n-heksana, etil asetat, dan metanol. Uji antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode Resazurin Microtitter Assay (REMA) terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus. Aktivitas antioksidan diuji menggunakan metode 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) dan Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP). Hasil penapisan fitokimia memperlihatkan bahwa ekstrak n-heksana mengandung alkaloid dan triterpenoid, sedangkan ekstrak etil asetat dan metanol mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, fenol, dan steroid. Aktivitas antibakteri terbaik ditunjukkan oleh ekstrak etil asetat dengan nilai Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) terhadap E. coli sebesar 250 mg/mL. Ekstrak etil asetat C. racemosa juga memperlihatkan aktivitas antioksidan terbaik dengan nilai IC50 DPPH sebesar 110,7 mg/mL dan nilai FRAP sebesar 96,68 mmol Fe (II)/g. ABSTRACTCaulerpa racemosa is a green seaweed that contains active compounds that are potential for antibacterial and antioxidant. The phytochemical constituents and bioactivity of an extract depend on the extraction solvent polarity. This study aimed to determine the phytochemical profiles, antibacterial and antioxidant activity of C. racemosa extracts. Extracts were obtained from the fresh C. racemosa samples that were macerated with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Antibacterial assay was tested by Resazurin Microtiter Assay (REMA) method against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Antioxidant activity was determined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) method. Phytochemical screening showed that n-hexane extract contained alkaloid and triterpenoid, while ethyl acetate and methanol extracts contained alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, and steroids. The most active extract in the antibacterial assay was ethyl acetate extract with a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) value of 250 mg/mL against E. coli. Ethyl acetate extract of C. racemosa also showed the best antioxidant activity where the IC50 of DPPH value was 110.7 mg/mL and the FRAP value was 96.68 mmol Fe(II)/g.

scholarly journals ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH MANGGIS (Garcinia mangostana L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Srikandi Srikandi ◽  
I.G.A. Manik Widhyastini
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Solvent Concentration ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
A Value ◽  
Hexane Extracts

Antibacterial Extract of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.)Fruit Shell           The skin of the mangosteen fruit is extracted with n-hexane and ethyl acetate to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27 853. Results showed that n-hexane extract gave inhibition zone larger than the ethyl acetate extract on all concentrations . Extract n-hexane has a value of MIC against S. aureus ATCC bacterial test 25923 62.5 mg / ml while the ethyl acetate extract of 125 mg / ml . N- hexane extracts had MIC values of the test bacteria P.aeuroginosa ATCC 27 853 was 125 mg / ml , and while the ethyl acetate extract had a MIC value of 500 mg / ml . Treatment of solvent, concentration and interaction between the solvent and concentration significantly affected the test bacteria ATCC 25923 S. aureus at the level of 5 %, the highest interaction N-Hexane solvent with a concentration of 15,625 mg / ml and was not significantly different interactions with the concentration of 31.25 mg/ml and 125 mg/ml. Treatment solvent and concentration significantly while the interaction between the solvent and the concentration has no effect on the test bacteria P.aeuroginosa ATCC 27 853 at 5% level .Keywords: Garcinia mangostana L., Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ABSTRAK           Kulit buah manggis diekstrak dengan n-heksan dan etil asetat   untuk mengetahui Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum (KHTM) terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak n-heksana  memberikan zona hambatan lebih besar dibandingkan dengan ekstrak etil asetat pada semua konsentrasi. Ekstrak n-heksana  memiliki nilai kadar hambat minimal (KHM) terhadap bakteri uji S. aureus ATCC 25923  62,5 mg/ml sedangkan ekstrak etil asetat 125 mg/ml.   Ekstrak n-heksana memiliki nilai KHM   terhadap bakteri uji P.aeuroginosa  ATCC 27853 adalah 125 mg/ml dan  sedangkan ekstrak etil asetat memiliki nilai KHM  500 mg/ml. Perlakuan pelarut, konsentrasi dan interaksi antara pelarut dan konsentrasi  berpengaruh nyata terhadap bakteri uji S. aureus ATCC 25923 pada taraf 5%, interaksi tertinggi yaitu pelarut N-Heksan dengan konsentrasi 15,625mg/ml dan interaksi ini tidak berbeda nyata dengan konsentrasi 31,25 mg/ml dan 125 mg/ml. Perlakuan pelarut dan konsentrasi  berpengaruh nyata sedangkan interaksi antara pelarut dan konsentrasi  tidak berpengaruh terhadap bakteri uji P.aeuroginosa  ATCC 27853 pada taraf 5%. Kata kunci:  Garcinia mangostana L., Staphylococcus aureus dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa

scholarly journals A New Antibacterial Tetrahydronaphthalene Lignanamide, Foveolatamide, from the Stems of Ficus Foveolata

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1601100
Author(s):  
Wirod Meerungrueang ◽  
Parkphoom Panichayupakaranant
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
First Report ◽  
Antibacterial Assay

An antibacterial assay-guided isolation of the crude ethyl acetate extract from Ficus foveolata stems afforded four compounds, including a tetrahydronaphthalene lignanamide, foveolatamide (1), together with two known lignanamides, flavifloramide B (2) and N-trans-grossamide (3), and a known phenolic amide, N-trans-feruloyltyramine (4). The structures of these compounds were established on the basis of NMR spectroscopic and MS techniques. Among the isolated compounds, only 1 showed satisfactory antibacterial activities against Streptococcus pyogenes, with an MIC and MBC value of 45 μM. This is the first report of these four compounds from the stems of F. foveolata.

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