scholarly journals Antibacterial activity and Antidiabetic activity of Costus igneus, Gymnema sylvestre and Ocimum sanctum

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 126-134
Author(s):  
M. Shanmugavadivu ◽  
Bharath Kumar Velmurugan
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Gymnema Sylvestre ◽  
Costus Igneus

Biochemical Composition, Antibacterial and Anti-Biofilm Activities of Indian Medicinal Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mulugeta Mulat ◽  
Fazlurrahman Khan ◽  
Archana Pandita
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Acetone Extract ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Agar Disc

Background: Medicinal plants have been used for treatments of various health ailments and the practices as a remedial back to thousands of years. Currently, plant-derived compounds used as alternative ways of treatment for multidrug-resistant pathogens. Objective: In the present study, various parts of six medical plants such as Solanum nigrum, Azadirachta indica, Vitex negundo, Mentha arvensis, Gloriosa superba, and Ocimum sanctum were extracted for obtaining biological active constituents. Methods: Soxhlet method of extraction was used for obtaining crude extracts. Agar disc diffusion and 96-well plate spectroscopic reading were used to detect the extract’s antibacterial and antibiofilm properties. Results: The obtained extracts were tested for antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties at 25 mg/mL concentrations. Maximum antibacterial activity was observed in O. sanctum chloroform extract (TUCE) against Staphylococcus aureus (24.33±1.52 mm), S. nigrum acetone extract (MAAC) against Salmonella Typhimurium (12.6 ± 1.5 mm) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15.0 ±2.0 mm). Only TUCE exhibited antibacterial activity at least a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.781 mg/mL. Better antibiofilm activities were also exhibited by petroleum extracts of G. superba (KAPE) and S. nigrum (MAPE) against Escherichia coli, S. Typhimurium, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. Moreover, S. nigrum acetone extract (MAAC) and O. sanctum chloroform extract (TUCE) were showed anti-swarming activity with a reduction of motility 56.3% against P. aeruginosa and 37.2% against S. aureus. MAAC also inhibits Las A activity (63.3% reduction) in P. aeruginosa. Conclusion: Extracts of TUCE, MAAC, MAPE, and KAPE were exhibited antibacterial and antibiofilm properties against the Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. GCMS identified chemical constituents are responsible for being biologically active.

scholarly journals Analisa Aktivitas Antibakteri Rebusan Daun Sirih Dengan Rebusan Daun Kemangi Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Streptococcus mutans

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
ENNY WILLIANTI ◽  
THEODORA THEODORA ◽  
WAHYUNI DYAH PARMASARI
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Oral Flora ◽  
Betel Leaf ◽  
Growth Of Bacteria

<p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong><strong></strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Background</strong>: Betel leaf contains essential oils consisting of bethelphenol, kavikol, sesquiterpenes, hydroxycavikol, cavibetol, estragol, eugenol and carvacrol. Essential oils are antibacterial due to the presence of phenol compounds and their derivatives that can denature the bacterial cell proteins. Basil leaves contain compounds from essential oils, namely 1,8-cineole, ß-bisabolene, and methyl eugenol. These three ingredients are soluble to ethanol and can cause damage to the cell membranes of the Streptococcus mutans bacteria, which are members of the normal oral flora but can turn into pathogens if the balance of normal flora is disturbed. The aim of this study was to determine the difference in the activity of the antibacterial  of decoction betel leaf (piper betle L. ) with a decoction of basil leaves (ocimum sanctum) against growth of bacteria <em>Streptococcus mutans</em> (in vitro study).</p><p><strong>M</strong><strong>ethod:</strong> this observational research with disk diffusion techniques. This study observed and measured the diameter of the inhibitory zone in MHA formed by decoction of betel leaf (piper betle L) and basil leaf (ocimum sanctum) in units of millimeters (mm). There were 2 groups with 16 replications.</p><p><strong>R</strong><strong>esults</strong>: the results of the description test showed that the antibacterial activity of the betel leaf decoction and the highest decoction of basil leaf was 17 mm and the lowest was 15 mm, but the average antibacterial value of betel leaf decoction (15,81) greater than the average value of antibacterial activity of basil leaf (15.75). This is because there are chemicals contained in betel leaf similar as contained in basil leaf, namely essential oils.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: there is no difference in the antibacterial activity of decoction  betel leaf with decoction basil leaf against growth of bacteria <em>Streptococcus mutans</em>.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Betel leaf decoction, basil leaf  decoction, Streptococcus <strong>mutans.      </strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong><strong></strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Latar Belakang</strong>: Daun sirih mengandung minyak atsiri yang terdiri dari <em>bethelphenol, kavikol, </em>seskuiterpen, hydroxycavikol,cavibetol, estragol, eugenol dan carvacrol. Minyak atsiri bersifat antibakteri karena adanya senyawa phenol dan turunannya yang dapat mendenaturasi protein sel bakteri. Daun kemangi mengandung senyawa dari minyak atsiri yaitu <em>1,8-cineole</em>, <em>ß-bisabolene</em>, <em>metyl eugenol</em>. Ketiga bahan tersebut memiliki sifat larut terhadap etanol dan dapat menyebabkan kerusakan membran sel bakteri <em>streptococcus mutans</em> yang merupakan anggota flora normal rongga mulut tetapi dapat berubah menjadi patogen jika keseimbangan flora normal terganggu.Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbedaan aktivitas antibakteri rebusan daun sirih (<em>piper betle</em> L) dengan rebusan daun kemangi (<em>ocimum sanctum</em>) terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri <em>Streptococcus mutans</em> (penelitian in vitro).</p><p><strong>Metode</strong>: penelitian observasional ini dengan teknik difusi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengamati dan mengukur diameter zona hambat pada MHA yang dibentuk oleh rebusan daun sirih (<em>piper betle</em> L) dan daun kemangi (<em>ocimum sanctum</em>) dalam satuan milimeter (mm). Terdapat 2 kelompok dengan replikasi sebanyak 16.</p><p><strong>Hasil</strong> : Hasil uji deskripsi menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas antibakteri pada rebusan daun sirih maupun rebusan daun kemangi yang tertinggi sebesar 17 mm dan yang terendah 15 mm. Tetapi pada nilai rata-rata efektifitas antibakteri rebusan daun sirih (15,81) lebih besar daripada nilai rata-rata efektifitas antibakteri rebusan daun kemangi (15,75). Hal ini dikarenakan ada zat kimia yang terkandung dalam daun sirih mirip dengan yang terkandung dalam daun kemangi, yaitu minyak atsiri.</p><p><strong>Kesimpulan</strong> : tidak ada perbedaan aktivitas antibakteri rebusan daun sirih dengan rebusan daun kemangi terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri <em>Streptococcus </em><em>m</em><em>utans</em>.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Kata kunci</strong>:  rebusan daun sirih, rebusan daun kemangi<em>, Streptococcus mutans</em>.</p><p> </p><p>     </p>

Antibacterial efficacy of Ocimum sanctum leaf extract-treated iron oxide nanoparticles

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 2055-2061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tokeer Ahmad ◽  
Ruby Phul ◽  
Nafeesa Khatoon ◽  
Meryam Sardar
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Antibacterial Efficacy ◽  
Co Precipitation

Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) were preparedviaa co-precipitation method and were then characterized and evaluated for their antibacterial activity after modification withOcimum sanctumleaf extract.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antidiabetic Activity of Gymnema sylvestre and Andrographis paniculata in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prem Kumar ◽  
Sudha Rani ◽  
B Arunjyothi ◽  
P. Chakrapani ◽  
A Rojarani
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Andrographis Paniculata ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Gymnema Sylvestre ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes ◽  
Oxidative Effect

Diabetes mellitus is a difficult metabolic disorder that has seriously impact the human health and quality of life. Medicinal plants are being used to control diabetes However, they are not entirely effective and no one has ever been reported to have fully recovered from diabetes. Many plants have been used for the management of diabetes mellitus in various traditional systems of medicine worldwide as they are a great source of biological constituents and many of them are known to be effective against diabetes. Medicinal plants with antihyperglycemic activities are being more desired, owing to lesser sideeffects and low cost. Streptozotocin was induced to all groups of rats at dosage of 35 -55mg/kg except for the normal. Streptozotocin induced diabetes in sprague dawly rats were used to study antidiabetic activity of methonolic extract of two medicinal plants Gymnema sylvestre,Andrographis paniculata methanolic leaf extract was administered orally in graded doses of 30 mg/kg,50mg /kg sprague dawly rats Gymnema sylvestre at a dose of 30mg/kg and Andrographis paniculata at a dose of 50mg/kg showed significant anti-hyperglycemic and anti-oxidative effect which was evident from the 1st week of treatment.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antidiabetic Activity of a Novel Polyherbal Preparationagainst Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes Rat Model

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-54
Author(s):  
K. Jyothsna Jayaraju ◽  
B. Mohammed Ishaq
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Gymnema Sylvestre ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Vinca Rosea ◽  
Eugenia Jambolana ◽  
Whole Plant

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disorder characterised by abnormally elevated glucose levels in the blood. Diabetes is caused by one of two mechanisms: insufficient insulin synthesis (which is produced by the pancreas and reduces blood glucose) or insufficient response of cells to insulin action. The current aim of this research project was to formulate and evaluate the Polyherbal preparation (PHP) of the plants constituted with Cinnamonum zeylanicium (CJ) bark, Eugenia jambolana (EJ) seeds, Vinca rosea (VR) whole plant, Gymnema sylvestre (GS) leaves and determination of the anti-diabetic potential of the formulation in the animal model induced by Streptozotocin. Methods: Plant components in the current study used were Cinnamonum zeylanicium (CJ) bark, Eugenia jambolana (EJ) seeds, Vinca rosea (VR) whole plant, Gymnema sylvestre (GS) leaves were collected.Using a hydroalcoholic solvent, physico-chemical parameters and active chemical constituents were evaluated. The active components present in the extracts were identified by Preliminary phytochemical screening. The PHP acute toxicity analysis was conducted in compliance with OECD Guideline 423, with 200 mg/kg and 4000 mg/kg administered orally to rats over 28 days. Results: Diabetes was induced by STZ and treated with PHF did not show any alterations in behavior and no mortality was observed up to the 2000 mg/kg dose level during the interventional period. By oral administration of PHP with a dosage of 200 and 400 mg/kg, OGTT resulted in a steady decrease in blood glucose levels of 68.74±4.63 mg/dl and 63.83±1.74 mg/dl at 180min after the trial which proves that PHP possess anti-diabetic activity. By mixing each extract in varying proportions, PHP was developed and evaluated. PHP (200 and 400mg/kg) antidiabetic activity wasdetermined for streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in rats and glibenclamide (5.0mg/kg body weight) was used as a standard drug.The investigational drug was administered for 28 days and the blood glucose level effect of the PHP was analysed on the 28th day after the intervention time. Conclusion: The experimental study showed that a persistent and substantial decrease in the average blood glucose level of diabetic rats was observed with repeated administration of PHP and glibenclamide for 28 days. PHP demonstrated substantial antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activity similar to the standard drug. The formulation will emerge as a possible mixture that may challenge the synthetic drug.

scholarly journals Evaluation of antibacterial efficacy of Ocimum sanctum L. against certain bacterial species and phytochemical analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-345
Author(s):  
Aparajita Gupta ◽  
Mandeep Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Antibacterial Efficacy ◽  
Minimum Value

In the present study antibacterial efficacy of  aqueous and methanol extract obtained from leaves and stem of Ocimum sanctum L. was evaluated against certain test bacterial species viz. Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus. It is a traditional medicinal herb, commonly used for the treatment of various human health disorders.  The antibacterial activity was determined by using agar well diffusion method. Among the solvent extracts tested, aqueous extract of leaves exhibited higher antibacterial activity as compared to methanolic extract of leaves. Maximum antibacterial activity was recorded 17.6 mm against Bacillus cereus and minimum value was recorded 14 mm against S. aureus. Maximum antibacterial efficacy of O. sanctum leaves was found 7.3mm against P. aeruginosa and minimum value was 5mm against B. cereus in methanolic extract. Similar trend has been observed in extract of stem of O. sanctum in aqueous and methanolic solvent. The antibacterial efficacy has been found nil in methanolic extract. However in aqueous extract moderate activity has been recorded i.e. 9.3 mm against E.coli and minimum 7.3 mm against K. pneumoniae. The trend of phytochemicals revealed non significant variation. Phytochemical analysis of leaves and stem extracts of O. sanctum revealed the presence of various phytoconstituents i.e. alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tanins, glycosides.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Antidiabetic and Antibacterial Activity of Cissus sicyoides

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavio Luis Beltrame ◽  
Greisiele Lorena Pessini ◽  
Dani Luce Doro ◽  
Benedito Prado Dias Filho ◽  
Roberto Barbosa Bazotte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Bioassay Guided Fractionation

In this work we investigated the antidiabetic and antibacterial effect of Cissus sicyoides (CS) from Brazil. Diabetic rats that received water (A group) or extracts from the aerial parts of the plant (Cs group) during four weeks were employed. After this period, serum levels of glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides were measured. Glycemia was not affected by treatment with CS. However, there was an increased cholesterol and triglyceride level in Cs group. In addition, bioassay-guided fractionation of methanolic extract from aerial parts of CS was performed for isolation of antibacterial compounds.beta-Sitosterol and sitosterol-beta-D-glucopyranoside isolated showed antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 50 mug/ml and 100 mug/ml, respectively. In spite of popular belief, CS did not show antidiabetic activity. However, two compounds isolated from aerial parts of the plant (beta-sitosterol and sitosterol-beta-D-glucopyranoside) showed antibacterial activity.

scholarly journals In vitro Antibacterial Effect of Medicinal Plants Against Multidrug Resistant Gram Negative Bacteria

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Bishnu Thapa ◽  
Anjana Singh ◽  
Reshma Tuladhar
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Acorus Calamus ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Herbal Plants

Objectives: The aim of this work was to determine the antibacterial activity of methanol extract of herbal plants against the Multidrug resistant (MDR) Gram negative bacteria isolated from clinical samples. Methods: Gram negative bacteria isolated from various clinical samples were processed for antibiotic susceptibility test by modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and MDR bacteria were selected. Methanol extracts of six different medicinal plants Acorus calamus (bojho), Ocimum sanctum (tulsi), Azadirachta indica (neem), Cinnamomum tamala (tejpatta), Aloe vera and Zanthoxylum alatum (timur), were tested for antibacterial activity against the selected MDR bacteria by agar well diffusion method. Results: From clinical samples, 8 different MDR Gram negative bacteria isolated were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Citrobacter spp., Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas spp. with E. coli dominated the number. Out of six medicinal plants extracts, Z. alatum, C. tamala and Ocimum sanctum were found to be effective with zones of inhibition ranging from 9-13 mm. The medicinal plants with antibacterial activity can be an alternative source of medicine against MDR Gram negative bacteria. Conclusion: Several herbal plants extracts exhibit antibacterial activity against MDR Gram negative bacteria. Antibacterial activity of plant extracts can vary with type of plant and extraction methods. Thus, for optimal benefit of plant extract, an appropriate extraction method and use of purified product is essential.

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