Determination of the antibacterial activity of flavonoids from callus Scutellaria galericulata L. for the development of a functional curd product

The antimicrobial effect of extracts from callus of the common skullcap with the prospect of using in the recipe of a functional curd product for therapeutic and preventive action is studied. It is known that plants of the genus skullcap contain phenolic compounds that cause antimicrobial action, the most common among them are flavonoids-baykalin, scutellarein, hydrolyzed to glucuronic acid and aglycones-baykalein and scutellarein, vogonin, etc. the Study of antimicrobial activity was carried out in accordance with the requirements of The state Pharmacopoeia XI edition. Antimicrobial activity was determined in relation to 15 test cultures by diffusion in agar. The method is based on the assessment of inhibition of growth of test cultures of microorganisms by certain concentrations of the test object. Rod-shaped bacteria (Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serracia marcescens, Escherichia coli, Morganella morganii, Hafnia alvei, Bacillus cereus), coccus microflora (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecium), different strains of fungi of the genus Candida (Candida non-albicans № 136, 138, 142, 144). The result was evaluated according to the following criteria: “-“ – growth of the test culture (there is no antibacterial effect); “+” – no growth (the antibacterial effect is pronounced); “±” – inhibition of growth (bacteriostatic action).

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The Design of Alapropoginine, a Novel Conjugated Ultrashort Antimicrobial Peptide with Potent Synergistic Antimicrobial Activity in Combination with Conventional Antibiotics

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10060712 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 712

Author(s):

Ali Salama ◽

Ammar Almaaytah ◽

Rula M. Darwish

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Hemolytic Activity ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Human Red Blood Cells ◽

Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽

Different Strains ◽

Conventional Antibiotics

(1) Background: Antimicrobial resistance represents an urgent health dilemma facing the global human population. The development of novel antimicrobial agents is needed to face the rising number of resistant bacteria. Ultrashort antimicrobial peptides (USAMPs) are considered promising antimicrobial agents that meet the required criteria of novel antimicrobial drug development. (2) Methods: Alapropoginine was rationally designed by incorporating arginine (R), biphenylalanine (B), and naproxen to create an ultrashort hexapeptide. The antimicrobial activity of alapropoginine was evaluated against different strains of bacteria. The hemolytic activity of alapropoginine was also investigated against human erythrocytes. Finally, synergistic studies with antibiotics were performed using the checkerboard technique and the determination of the fractional inhibitory index. (3) Results: Alapropoginine displayed potent antimicrobial activities against reference and multi-drug-resistant bacteria with MIC values of as low as 28.6 µg/mL against methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Alapropoginine caused negligible toxicity toward human red blood cells. Moreover, the synergistic studies showed improved activities for the combined conventional antibiotics with a huge reduction in their antimicrobial concentrations. (4) Conclusions: The present study indicates that alapropoginine exhibits promising antimicrobial activity against reference and resistant strains of bacteria with negligible hemolytic activity. Additionally, the peptide displays synergistic or additive effects when combined with several antibiotics.

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Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of 4-Arylthio- and 4 Alkylthiofunctionalized Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazines

Ukrainian Chemistry Journal ◽

10.33609/0041-6045.85.1.2019.58-66 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 85 (1) ◽

pp. 58-66

Author(s):

Yevhenii Hrynyshyn ◽

Hanna Musiichuk ◽

Olena Komarovska-Porokhnyavets ◽

Oksana Is’kiv ◽

Nataliia Moskalenko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Mass Spectra ◽

Structural Modification ◽

Bromoacetic Acid ◽

Phosphorus Pentasulfide ◽

First Case ◽

Test Culture ◽

Exocyclic Methylene ◽

Derivatives Of ◽

Test Cultures

The reaction of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-4(5H)ones with phosphorus tribromoxide in boiling benzene yielded 4-bromopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazines, and the thionation with phosphorus pentasulfide in pyridine at 90 °C led to pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-4(5H)thiones. The synthesized bromine derivatives are electrophilic, and thiones are nucleophilic substrates. Their subsequent structural modification in the first case was carried out by interaction with thiophenols, and in the second case was conducted with functional halogenoalkanes. It was shown that bromides react with substituted thiophenols in dimethylformamide in the presence of potassium carbonate at 90 °C to form 4-arylthiopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazines with yields of 65–83 %. 4-S-methyl-functionalized derivatives of pyrazole[1,5-a]pyrazines with yields of 60–78 % were easily obtained by the alkylation of pyrazole[1,5-a]pyrazin-4(5H)thiones with a-bromoketones, bromoacetic acid, ethyl bromoacetate and bromoacetonitrile in the K2CO3—DMF system at room temperature. The composition of all synthesized compounds is in agreement with the results of elemental analysis and mass spectra. Their structure is confirmed by NMR 1H and 13C spectra. In particular, in the NMR 1H spectra of 4-arylthiopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazines, in addition to the characteristic signals of the pyrazole and pyrazine nuclei, signals of protons of thioaryl substituents are present in the range of 7.04 –8.05 ppm, and in NMR spectra of the 1H 4-S-methylfunctionalized derivatives of pyrazole[1,5-a]pyrazines signals of exocyclic methylene protons are present at 4.11– 5.02 ppm. Promising derivatives with antibacterial activity against the test cultures S. aureus (MIC = 7.8 g/mL), M. luteum (MIC = 3.9 g/mL), and antifungal activity against the test culture of fungus A. niger (MIC = 7.8 g/mL) were determined among 4-S-substituted pyrazole[1,5-a]pyrazines as a result of studies of the antimicrobial activity.

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Determination of Antimicrobial Activity of Different Essential Oils Obtained from Plants on Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Foods

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology ◽

10.24925/turjaf.v8i4.1012-1017.3368 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 1012-1017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hacer Aslan Canberi ◽

Esra Şentürk ◽

Simge Aktop ◽

Pınar Şanlıbaba

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Thyme Oil ◽

Staphyloccocus Aureus ◽

Hypericum Perforatum L ◽

Different Strains

Essential oils (EOs) are known for its antimicrobial activity against several pathogenic bacteria. The present work evaluated the antimicrobial activity of 15 different EOs on survival of different strains of different Staphyloccocus aureus strains isolated from traditional cheeses by disc diffusion method. The most antimicrobial activity on the strains was found as oil thyme oil (mean zone diameter 23.203 mm). Clove oil and black seed oil had the highest antimicrobial activity after thyme oil with average zone diameters of 13.698 mm and 11.267 mm respectively. Hypericum perforatum L. oil (mean zone 6.209 mm), ginger oil (mean zone 6.250 mm) and garlic oil (mean zone 6.267 mm) were the lowest antimicrobial activity. New studies about antimicrobial effect of EOs in vivo conditions are recommended.

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Chlorhexidine digluconate uptake and release from alkane-crosslinked nanocellulose hydrogels and subsequent antimicrobial effect

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.15.2.3458-3472 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 3458-3472

Author(s):

Jaka Levanič ◽

Ida Poljanšek ◽

Viljem Vek ◽

Mojca Narat ◽

Primoz Oven

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Drug Release ◽

Release Kinetics ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Chlorhexidine Digluconate ◽

The Common ◽

Uptake And Release ◽

Release Profiles

Drug release profiles of novel alkane-crosslinked nanocellulose hydrogels were investigated. The common antiseptic compound chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX-DG) was loaded into the nanocellulose hydrogels, and the release kinetics were studied under two different release regimes. The hydrogels were effective at absorbing more than their dry weights of the antiseptic and retaining it during diffusion testing, with more than 60% of the drug retained in the hydrogels. Antimicrobial tests showed sustained antimicrobial activity of the CHX-DG-loaded hydrogels even after the two diffusion tests, which was attributable to non-ionic retention of the CHX-DG within the hydrogel structure.

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Interaction between Different Pharmaceutical Excipients in Liquid Dosage Forms—Assessment of Cytotoxicity and Antimicrobial Activity

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules23071827 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (7) ◽

pp. 1827 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Dániel Nemes ◽

Renátó Kovács ◽

Fruzsina Nagy ◽

Mirtill Mező ◽

Nikolett Poczok ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antibacterial Effect ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Dosage Forms ◽

Carcinogenic Activity ◽

E Coli ◽

Polysorbate 20 ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

Investigation Methods ◽

Pharmaceutical Preservatives

Nowadays, the safety of parabens as pharmaceutical preservatives is debated. Recent studies investigated their interference with the oestrogen receptors, nevertheless their carcinogenic activity was also proved. That was the reason why the re-evaluation of the biocompatibility and antimicrobial activity of parabens is required using modern investigation methods. We aimed to test the cytotoxic, antifungal and antibacterial effect of parabens on Caco-2 cells, C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. Two complex systems (glycerol—Polysorbate 20; ethanol—Capryol PGMC™) were formulated to study—with the MTT-assay and microdilution method, respectively—how other excipients may modify the biocompatibility and antimicrobial effect of parabens. In the case of cytotoxicity, the toxicity of these two systems was highly influenced by co-solvents and surfactants. The fungi and bacteria had significantly different resistance in the formulations and in some cases the excipients could highly modify the effectiveness of parabens both in an agonistic and in a counteractive way. These results indicate that with appropriate selection, non-preservative excipients can contribute to the antimicrobial safety of the products, thus they may decrease the required preservative concentration.

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Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of Artemisia ludoviciana subsp. Mexican against three enterobacteria

Journal of Natural and Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.35429/jnas.2019.19.6.1.12 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Alejandro Hernández-Morales ◽

Francisco Javier Ávila-Padrón ◽

Candy Carranza-Álvarez ◽

Juan José Maldonado-Miranda

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Antibacterial Effect ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Phytochemical Profile ◽

Artemisia Ludoviciana

Fractionated extraction of the leaves of Artemisia ludoviciana subsp. mexicana was performed, using hexane, dichloromethane and methanol, to obtain compounds of different polarity. Essential oils, aqueous decoction and hydroalcoholic extract were also obtained. Phytochemical profile was determined for each extract based on coloration and precipitation tests. Extracts were evaluated against three enterobacteria using the plate microdilution method. Chemical analysis revealed that dichloromethane fraction has a greater variety of compounds than hexane and methanolic fractions. The content of compounds of dichloromethane fraction correlates with the highest antimicrobial activity observed, suggesting that metabolites responsible for antimicrobial effect are intermediate polarity. Regarding extracts, ethanolic extract exerts a better effect than the decoction, while the essential oil shows the same antibacterial effect at low concentrations. Results demonstrate that A. ludoviciana subsp. mexicana has a great variety of compounds, which, according to their nature, can be eluted with solvents of different polarity. These compounds contribute to the antibacterial effect attributed to this plant.

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Determination of antimicrobial activity of alcohol extractions of bark and buds of Quercus robur L.

Aspirantskiy Vestnik Povolzhiya ◽

10.17816/2072-2354.2020.20.1.158-163 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1-2) ◽

pp. 152-157

Author(s):

Nikolay A. Ryabov ◽

Vladimir A. Kurkin ◽

Vitaliy M. Ryzhov ◽

Artem V. Lyamin ◽

Alexander V. Zhestkov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Quercus Robur ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Raw Material ◽

Microbiological Analysis

Antimicrobial activity of alcoholic extractions from the aboveground organs like bark and buds of Quercus robur L. was studied. The determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was performed with the use of double serial dilution in broth. The following microorganisms were used as test cultures: Bacillus cereus, Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus. It has been revealed that alcoholic extractions of the bark of Quercus robur have the widest spectrum of antibacterial activity in relation to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. Results of microbiological analysis show that alcoholic extractions from the bark and buds have an antimicrobial effect on all of these strains with a single dilution (except for antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with 70% extractions of bark of Quercus robur). In particular, relatively high antimicrobial activity was observed in alcoholic extracts of all buds concentrations against Candida albicans at a dilution of 2, 4 and 8 times and Escherichia coli at a dilution of 4, 8 and 16 times. The greatest antimicrobial effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa has extracts from the bark and buds in all the studied concentrations of alcohol. A significant antimicrobial effect against Escherichia coli has 40% of extractions from the buds of Quercus robur when diluted by 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64 times. The results can be used as justification for the introduction of a new type of raw material that is buds of Quercus robur, as well as drugs based on it in the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation as antibacterial phytopharmaceuticals.

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Antimicrobial Effect of Ginger, Garlic, Honey, and Lemon Extracts on Streptococcus mutans

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2165 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 18 (11) ◽

pp. 1004-1008 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

A Aravind ◽

Kiran Mathai ◽

Swathy Anand ◽

Praveen Dinatius ◽

Anandhu V Krishnan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Herbal Medicines ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Chemical Agents ◽

Individual Comparison ◽

The Common ◽

Dental Infections

ABSTRACT Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of lemon, ginger, garlic, and honey extracts on Streptococcus mutans. Materials and methods Commercially obtained honey, ginger, garlic, and lemon were included in the study to evaluate its efficacy in isolation and in combination against S. mutans. The efficacies of extracts were tested using well diffusion method, and its effect was evaluated by measuring the zone of inhibition around the well. Antimicrobial activity of the extracts was carried out individually and compared considering triplicates of all the extracts. Results When individual comparison of the extracts was made, garlic showed greatest antimicrobial activity with a mean zone of inhibition (34.9 ± 0.58 mm) and honey showed least antimicrobial activity (0.5 ± 0.6 mm). When combinations of extracts were tested against S. mutans, lemon and garlic combination showed the greatest zone of inhibition (27.6 ± 0.43 mm) compared with other combinations, and ginger + lemon combinations showed the least zone of inhibition (12.6 ± 0.43 mm). Conclusion This study concluded that garlic showed a greatest antimicrobial effect against S. mutans when compared with preparations individually and garlic and lemon showed greatest zone of inhibition in combination than other preparations. Clinical significance Antibiotics and other chemical agents are mainly used to treat the common dental infections. However, due to the excessive use, it can result in antibiotic resistance. Hence, herbal medicines with medicinal values should be replaced with conventional methods. How to cite this article Mathai K, Anand S, Aravind A, Dinatius P, Krishnan AV, Mathai M. Antimicrobial Effect of Ginger, Garlic, Honey, and Lemon Extracts on Streptococcus mutans. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(11):1004-1008.

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Determination of Phytoconstituents and Antimicrobial activities of aqueous and methanol extracts of Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves

International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry ◽

10.46796/ijpc.vi.155 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 60-67

Author(s):

Odangowei Inetiminebi Ogidi ◽

Mike NoahAyebabogha ◽

Patricia Ukamaka Eze ◽

Omu Okiemute ◽

Chinaza Esther Okafor

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Azadirachta Indica ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Plant Resources ◽

Methanol Extracts ◽

Neem Leaves

Neem (Azadirachta Indica)is a plant that has been used as traditional medicine for a household remedy against various human ailments since ancient times. The objective of this study was to determine the phytoconstituents and antimicrobial activities of aqueous and methanol extracts of A. indica leaves. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis was carried out using the standard method of Association of Official Analytical Chemist and the antimicrobial activity of the concentrated extracts was evaluated by determination of the diameter of zone of inhibition against the microorganisms using the agar well diffusion method. Phytochemical screening of the leaves gave a positive result for saponins, tannins, steroids, glycoside, terpenoids, flavonoids, and alkaloids. The antimicrobial results show that both plant extracts had antimicrobial activity against the test organisms, the aqueous extracts were found to show the greater antimicrobial effect on Shigellasp (10.0±1.0 mm), Staphylococcus sp (10.0±1.0 mm), Penicilliumsp (9.2±0.8 mm) and Mould (10.2±1.3 mm) while methanol extract shows maximum efficacy on E. coli (26±1.0 mm), Vibrio sp (10.6±0.6 mm) and Yeast (9.2±0.3 mm). Therefore, these findings support the traditional knowledge of local users and it is a preliminary, scientific, validation for the use of neem leaves for the antimicrobial activity to promote proper conservation and sustainable use of the plant resources.

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Determination of antimicrobial activity of some 1,2,4-triazole derivatives

Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems ◽

10.15421/021830 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 203-208 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. S. M. Alrawashdeh

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽

Pathological Changes ◽

Infectious Bronchitis ◽

E Coli ◽

Compound Ii ◽

Derivatives Of ◽

Test Cultures

We carried out MIC of the derivatives of 1,2,4-triazole II (4-((5-nitrofuran-2-yl)methyleneamino)-1-propyl-4H-1,2,4-triazolium bromide) and I (N-((5-nitrofuran-2-yl)methylene)-4H-4-amino-1,2,4-triazolidium chloride) against Escherichia coli ATCC 3912/4 and E. coli k88ad, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and S. aureus k99, Klebsiella pneumonia k56 and Salmonella typhimurium 144, S. enteritidis. All test cultures were sensitive to compound II at concentrations of 1,25–0,039 μg/ml. Similar MIC (0,039 μg/ml) of compounds II and I were set for E. coli k88a and S. aureus k99 test cultures – 0,156 μg/ml. Only S. aureus ATCC 25923 and K. pneumonia k56 had sensitivity to ceftriaxone (MIC = 0,097 μg/ml). Antiviral activity of Trifuzol (piperidine 2-[5-(furan-2-il)-4-phenil-1,2,4-triazol-3-ilthio]acetate) and avistim (morpholines 3-(4-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazolil-5-thioacetate) against the chicken infectious bronchitis virus (VIB) strain 4/91 was characterized by a decrease in mortality and pathological changes of chicken embryos (CE) which were induced by the virus. Death of infected CE provoked by the strain 4/91 of VIB in dilution 10–3 occurred at 57.1%. The reduction in the percentage of deaths of CE infected by the virus in dilution 10–3 in the presence of Avistim was 28.6%, and with Trifuzol 14.3%. The use of avistim and Trifuzol compounds reduced VIB infectious activity when it was cultivated in CE, reducing the titre of the virus (strain 4/91) by 3 lg EID 50 cm–3.

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