scholarly journals The possibility of using innovative models to refine the most optimal approach to managing the behavior of a commercial organization

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 429-434
Author(s):  
M. L. Lapshina ◽  
O. O. Lukina
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Level Structure ◽  
Optimal Strategies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Optimal Decision ◽  
Demand Model ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Optimal Approach ◽  
Economic Functioning ◽  
Commercial Organization

Practical modeling uses not only theoretical approaches, but also management issues, therefore, it is not entirely correct to compare theoretical and mathematical models. The concept of demand exists as an independent unit, has an independent meaning, and the demand model is represented in the form of an increasing curve and, like any model, contains various explicit and implicit conditions. The paper provides an analysis of existing classification approaches on the adaptation of economic and mathematical models in the issue of finding the most appropriate criteria for optimality from the point of view of using the mathematical apparatus. A detailed representation of the top-level structure is given, reflecting the basic requirements for the information necessary for drawing up a model passport, and conditions are also given that limit the area of existence of an operator that determines the corresponding payment matrix of an arbitrary game. The possibility of establishing the number of restrictions on the used variants of the game, which does not change the content of the game, is analyzed, which will allow choosing the most optimal strategies for each case. The proposed and justified, from the point of view of mathematical formalization, approach to making the most optimal decision on managing the behavior of a commercial organization based on preliminary monitoring of economic functioning is of interest from the point of view of the following aspects: the possibility of identifying the key elements that determine the system in choosing a format that characterizes the state of the elements of interest; development of a virtual model that reproduces the behavioral features of the modeled system.

scholarly journals The Efficiency of Tax Collection in the Czech Republic

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-94
Author(s):  
Eva Tomášková
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Tax Collection ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Theoretical Approaches

This paper deals with the efficiency of tax collection in the Czech Republic. The first part of this paper describes theoretical approaches to efficiency of taxes. Considering the aim of the article, there are no mathematical models of efficiency presented. The second part introduces efficiency from the point of view of law. The next part involves the application of efficiency of tax collection, especially how to measure efficiency and the main barriers for its establishment in the Czech Republic. The last part of the paper offers the summing up of gained knowledge. The aim of this paper is to detect if the current approach to tax collection contributes to higher efficiency.

scholarly journals Modeling and theoretical description of magnetic hybrid materials—bridging from meso- to macro-scales

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas M. Menzel ◽  
Hartmut Löwen
Keyword(s):  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Colloidal Particle ◽  
Theoretical Description ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Material Behavior ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Mechanical Stiffness ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Particle Level

Abstract Magnetic gels and elastomers consist of magnetic or magnetizable colloidal particles embedded in an elastic polymeric matrix. Outstanding properties of these materials comprise reversible changes in their mechanical stiffness or magnetostrictive distortions under the influence of external magnetic fields. To understand such types of overall material behavior from a theoretical point of view, it is essential to characterize the substances starting from the discrete colloidal particle level. It turns out that the macroscopic material response depends sensitively on the mesoscopic particle arrangement. We have utilized and developed several theoretical approaches to this end, allowing us both to reproduce experimental observations and to make theoretical predictions. Our hope is that both these paths help to further stimulate the interest in these fascinating materials.

Economic Issues in Child-Care Policy

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 1083-1084
Author(s):  
Barbara R. Bergmann
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Child Care Policy ◽  
Care Policy ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Proper Role ◽  
The Government ◽  
American Children ◽  
Economic Functioning ◽  
Child Care Facilities

There are four important, interrelated issues in child-care policy, on which economists can make contributions. One is the adequacy of the supply of "affordable" child care. A second is the proper role of government, if any, in providing or paying for child care. A third is whether the public could afford to have the government provide child care, assuming that such provision was deemed appropriate and desirable. A fourth is the standards of quality that should be mandated by the government for federal or private-sector child-care facilities. The standard literature tends to be scant on all of these topics.1,2 Economists are seldom unanimous in their opinions, and they certainly do not agree on child-care issues. The now-sizeable school of economists led by Milton Friedman, whose members have staffed the administrations of the last two US presidents, believe that, with very few exceptions, government interventions into the economic functioning of the citizens and their businesses are pernicious. Economists faithful to this tradition argue that parents should buy child care out of their own incomes from nongovernmental providers and that those providers should be regulated minimally if at all. An opposing point of view is that child care is different in important ways from such commodities as shoes and strawberries. Children are the direct consumers of child care, and government intervention in protection of their interests is justified because they lack abilities that can be assumed to reside in the usual participants in the economy. Further, child care provided by or subsidized by government is an indispensable ingredient of any program aimed at bringing about the rescue of the 20% of American children who are officially designated as poor, who are living in conditions that should not be tolerated by a rich and civilized country.1

Operation decision of logistics service supply chain: considering interruption probability in emergencies

Kybernetes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangsheng Zhang ◽  
Xiao Wang ◽  
Zhiqing Meng ◽  
Qirui Zhang ◽  
Kexin Wu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Evolutionary Game ◽  
Optimal Strategies ◽  
Optimal Decision ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Logistics Service ◽  
Social Reputation ◽  
Punishment Intensity ◽  
Optimal Decision Making

PurposeTo remedy the inherent defect in current research that focuses only on a single type of participants, this paper endeavors to look into the situation as an evolutionary game between a representative Logistics Service Integrator (LSI) and a representative Functional Logistics Service Provider (FLSP) in an environment with sudden crisis and tries to analyze how LSI supervises FLSP's operations and how FLSP responds in a recurrent pattern with different interruption probabilities.Design/methodology/approachRegarding the risks of supply chain interruption in emergencies, this paper develops a two-level model of single LSI and single FLSP, using Evolutionary Game theory to analyze their optimal decision-making, as well as their strategic behaviors on different risk levels regarding the interruption probability to achieve the optimal return with bounded rationality.FindingsThe results show that on a low-risk level, if LSI increases the degree of punishment, it will fail to enhance FLSP's operational activeness in the long term; when the risk rises to an intermediate level, a circular game occurs between LSI and FLSP; and on a high level of risk, FLSP will actively take actions, and its functional probability further impacts LSI's strategic choices. Finally, this paper analyzes the moderating impact of punishment intensity and social reputation loss on the evolutionary model in emergencies and provides relevant managerial implications.Originality/valueFirst, by taking both interruption probability and emergencies into consideration, this paper explores the interactions among the factors relevant to LSI's and FLSP's optimal decision-making. Second, this paper analyzes the optimal evolutionary game strategies of LSI and FLSP with different interruption probability and the range of their optimal strategies. Third, the findings of this paper provide valuable implications for relevant practices, such that the punishment intensity and social reputation loss determine the optimal strategies of LSI and FLSP, and thus it is an effective vehicle for LSSC system administrator to achieve the maximum efficiency of the system.

EFFECTIVENESS OF MANAGEMENT IN THE HIGHER EDUCATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (48) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
O. Vorobyova
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Educational Services ◽  
Management Effectiveness ◽  
Higher Education Management ◽  
Education Management ◽  
Management Efficiency ◽  
Theoretical Approaches

The article presents the results of empirical research of the main theoretical approaches to the concept of efficiency of management services in the field of higher education. It is determined that the concept of efficiency management is a complex multifaceted indicator that includes certain performance indicators related to efficiency, profitability, effectiveness, etc., in economics and management there is no single general approach to determining the effectiveness of management. It is proved that the effectiveness of management is a complex indicator that determines the use of resource opportunities to achieve a certain goal, and these concepts are complementary and interrelated, this approach from the point of view of economics is integrated with all management functions.Ключові слова: higher education; management efficiency; management effectiveness; management efficiency in higher education; educational services.

scholarly journals The Position of Heterodox Economics in Economic Science

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-290
Author(s):  
Eleonóra Matoušková
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Austrian School ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Heterodox Economics ◽  
Homo Economicus ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Theoretical Approaches

In economic science dominate orthodox economics (mainstream economics respectively neoclassical economics). Despite its numerous intellectual failures, orthodox economics continue to prevail in teaching at universities. A certain alternative to orthodox economics is heterodox economics, which consists of three groups of theoretical approaches, represented by the Left-wing heterodoxy and Neo-Austrian school (we include them together in the Old heterodoxy) and the New heterodoxy. The objective of this article is to define the differences between orthodox economics and heterodox economics, to find common features of individual heterodox approaches and identify substantial differences between them and also highlight the relevance of these heterodox approaches from the point of view of the challenges we are facing today. A common characteristic of heterodoxy is the rejection of orthodoxy, especially its research methods. Heterodox economists reject the axiom that individuals are always rational, the concept of ‘homo economicus’, the application of a formal-deductive approach, the use of mathematical methods in cases that are not appropriate for this, and access from a closed system position. Heterodoxy is a very diverse theoretical tradition, and there are differences not only between the Left-wing heterodoxy, Neo-Austrian school and New heterodoxy, but also within these heterodox groups. They differ on specific topics they deal with and proposed solutions to socio-economic problems.

scholarly journals New Dzungaria Gates for wmlt-corridor: historical necessity

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
Viktor A. Bogachev ◽  
Yuri A. Terentyev ◽  
Viktor V. Koledov ◽  
Taras V. Bogachev
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Variational Methods ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The North ◽  
Computer Math ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Historical Necessity ◽  
North Western

Background: Research is ongoing relating to the analysis of a set of issues that arise in connection with the creation of the operating on the basis of vacuum magnetic technologies a transcontinental high-speed land transport corridor, connecting the eastern regions of China with Russia. As part of the variation calculus task, the geopolitical, economic, social, logistic, geographic, geomorphological, seismological, topographic components of the project are considered, in which it is assumed that the high speed overland route will pass through the north-western part of the historical region of Dzungaria. Aim: Find the most optimal from the point of view of the above components the location of the most important section of high speed overland route passing through Central Asia. Methods: Variational methods for solving an optimization problem with the use of a computer math system. Results: After creating a fairly informative and versatile picture of the region in question, the foundations of the corresponding mathematical models are built. Conclusion: The New Dzungarian Gates is a key element in choosing the location of a high-speed overland route based on VMLT.

scholarly journals NUMERICAL MODELING OF GAS TURBINE COOLED BLADES

Aviation ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Arif Pashayev ◽  
Djakhangir Askerov ◽  
Ramiz Ali Cabar oqlu Sadiqov
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Temperature Field ◽  
Numerical Methods ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
Stationary Temperature Field ◽  
Methods Of Calculation ◽  
Effective Combination

In contrast to methods that do not take into account multiconnectivity in a broad sense of this term, we develop mathematical models and highly effective combination (BIEM and FDM) numerical methods of calculation of stationary and quasi‐stationary temperature field of a profile part of a blade with convective cooling (from the point of view of realization on PC). The theoretical substantiation of these methods is proved by appropriate theorems. For it, converging quadrature processes have been developed and the estimations of errors in the terms of A. Ziqmound continuity modules have been received.

scholarly journals FUNCTIONING OF ELLIPTICAL STRUCTURES IN ENGLISH SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL TEXTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (87) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryna Hederym ◽  
◽  
Nataliya Hlinka ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Scientific Texts ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Characteristic Features

The article is devoted to the study of one of the most important issues in modern linguistics – the problem of elliptical sentences, namely their definition, classification, different approaches to the study of this phenomenon and functioning in English-language scientific and technical texts. One of the tasks of scientific text is the ability to convey a large amount of new information in a sufficiently limited amount of text. It is this that leads to syntactic compression (the use of an ellipse) in such texts. Syntactic compression, as we have mentioned, is one of the characteristics of the modern scientific style. Authors of scientific texts seek to reduce the amount of text by compression, while increasing its content. Ellipse is a multidimensional phenomenon in language that allows authors to make the communication process more productive by using language savings. The ellipse has an extremely large pragmatic potential in achieving an extralinguistic effect. The use of the ellipse as a means of linguistic economy in scientific and technical texts is especially appropriate because the characteristic features of scientific and technical style are its informativeness (content), logic (strict sequence, clear connection between the main idea and details), accuracy and objectivity. It is an effective way of unloading sentence matter and exempting it from meaningfully redundant or structurally redundant components that carry repetitive information, it is based on the principle of compactification of predicative units. From a stylistic point of view, the desire to save language means leads to the emergence of new constructions that enrich the language, make speech dynamic, expressive. The article considers pragmatic and linguistic features of the ellipse, its structural and functional features. The article traces an attempt to review and structure the main theoretical approaches to the interpretation of the concept of "ellipse", the study of functions that perform elliptical structures in sentence structure and analysis of functional features of elliptical structures in English scientific and technical texts.

scholarly journals Measurement of Intellectual Capital as Exemplified by Methods of Groups Based on the Roa Indicator and on Market Capitalization

e-Finanse ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 58-71
Author(s):  
Karolina Palimąka ◽  
Mateusz Mierzejewskl
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Intangible Assets ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Market Capitalization ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
Business Analysis

Abstract The concept of a knowledge-based economy is a relatively new topic, but it does not mean that the previous economies did not use knowledge. For many years, knowledge formed the basis of any economy, it was a factor that set the pace of each of them, but just nit is making a significant impact on the entrepreneurial environment, and more. Inherent KBE is the concept of intellectual capital. The article raises both theoretical approaches towards the concept of intellectual capital, and points to the importance (from the point of view of managing this intangible value in the company) -of measuring intellectual capital. The process of good management of the value of intangible assets must be supported by knowledge about, e. g.,its size, value, etc. The authors focus on presenting methods of measuring intellectual capital from two groups of methods by the classification made by K. E. Sveiby, who is considered one of the fathers of the IC concept. The goal of the article is to compare methods from these two groups in terms of their flaws and advantages as regards preparing business analysis. This is done through presentation of the topic, including the concept and methods of intellectual capital measurement, which was based on the review of the literature.Furthermore, based on financial statements of companies from the WIG- oil&gas index and WIG- food industry indexwaysof interpreting the final results are presented.

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