scholarly journals Effects of Unfiltered Coffee and Bioactive Coffee Compounds on the Development of Metabolic Syndrome Components in a High‐Fat/High‐Fructose-Fed Rat Model

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedram Shokouh ◽  
Per Bendix Jeppesen ◽  
Kjeld Hermansen ◽  
Christoffer Laustsen ◽  
Hans Stødkilde-Jørgensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
High Fat ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Literature is inconsistent as to how coffee affects the features of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), and which bioactive compounds are responsible for its metabolic effects. We aimed to compare the in-vivo effects of unfiltered coffee with a selected mixture of its compounds on diet-induced MetS. 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high-fat (35% W/W) food plus 20% W/W fructose in drinking water for 14 weeks, and were randomized into three groups: control, coffee, or nutraceuticals (5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, caffeic acid, and trigonelline). Coffee or nutraceuticals were provided in drinking water in a dosage equal to 4 cups/day in a human. Compared to the controls, only coffee supplementation decreased total food intake, weight gain, and estimated average plasma glucose. Surrogate measures of insulin resistance (fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and oral glucose tolerance) were improved at endpoint in the coffee group. Circulating triglyceride levels were also reduced by coffee. Histopathological and quantitative measurements indicated lower grades of liver steatosis after long-term coffee consumption. In conclusion, a combination of phenolic acids and trigonelline was not as effective as coffee per se in improving the components of the MetS. This points to the role of other coffee chemicals and a potential synergism between compounds.

scholarly journals Effects of Unfiltered Coffee and Bioactive Coffee Compounds on the Development of Metabolic Syndrome Components in a High-Fat-/High-Fructose-Fed Rat Model

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedram Shokouh ◽  
Per Jeppesen ◽  
Kjeld Hermansen ◽  
Christoffer Laustsen ◽  
Hans Stødkilde-Jørgensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
High Fat

The literature is inconsistent as to how coffee affects metabolic syndrome (MetS), and which bioactive compounds are responsible for its metabolic effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of unfiltered coffee on diet-induced MetS and investigate whether or not phenolic acids and trigonelline are the main bioactive compounds in coffee. Twenty-four male Sprague‒Dawley rats were fed a high-fat (35% W/W) diet plus 20% W/W fructose in drinking water for 14 weeks, and were randomized into three groups: control, coffee, or nutraceuticals (5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, caffeic acid, and trigonelline). Coffee or nutraceuticals were provided in drinking water at a dosage equal to 4 cups/day in a human. Compared to the controls, total food intake (p = 0.023) and mean body weight at endpoint (p = 0.016) and estimated average plasma glucose (p = 0.041) were lower only in the coffee group. Surrogate measures of insulin resistance including the overall fasting insulin (p = 0.010), endpoint HOMA-IR (p = 0.022), and oral glucose tolerance (p = 0.029) were improved in the coffee group. Circulating triglyceride levels were lower (p = 0.010), and histopathological and quantitative (p = 0.010) measurements indicated lower grades of liver steatosis compared to controls after long-term coffee consumption. In conclusion, a combination of phenolic acids and trigonelline was not as effective as coffee per se in improving the components of the MetS. This points to the role of other coffee chemicals and a potential synergism between compounds.

scholarly journals Born with low birth weight in rural Southern India: what are the metabolic consequences 20 years later?

2012 ◽  
Vol 166 (4) ◽  
pp. 647-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nihal Thomas ◽  
Louise G Grunnet ◽  
Pernille Poulsen ◽  
Solomon Christopher ◽  
Rachaproleu Spurgeon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Normal Birth ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

ObjectiveLow birth weight (LBW) is common in the Indian population and may represent an important predisposing factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and the metabolic syndrome. Intensive metabolic examinations in ethnic LBW Asian Indians have been almost exclusively performed in immigrants living outside India. Therefore, we aimed to study the metabolic impact of being born with LBW in a rural non-migrant Indian population.Subjects and methodsOne hundred and seventeen non-migrant, young healthy men were recruited from a birth cohort in a rural part of south India. The subjects comprised 61 LBW and 56 normal birth weight (NBW) men, with NBW men acting as controls. Subjects underwent a hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp, i.v. and oral glucose tolerance tests and a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan. The parents' anthropometric status and metabolic parameters were assessed.ResultsMen with LBW were shorter (167±6.4 vs 172±6.0 cm,P<0.0001), lighter (51.9±9 vs 55.4±7 kg,P=0.02) and had a reduced lean body mass (42.1±5.4 vs 45.0±4.5 kg,P=0.002) compared with NBW controls. After adjustment for height and weight, the LBW subjects had increased diastolic blood pressure (77±6 vs 75±6 mmHg,P=0.01). Five LBW subjects had impaired glucose tolerance.In vivoinsulin secretion and peripheral insulin action were similar in both the groups. Mothers of the LBW subjects were 3 cm shorter than the control mothers.ConclusionOnly subtle features of the metabolic syndrome and changes in body composition among LBW rural Indians were found. Whether other factors such as urbanisation and ageing may unmask more severe metabolic abnormalities may require a long-term follow-up.

scholarly journals Blackcurrant Suppresses Metabolic Syndrome Induced by High-Fructose Diet in Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Hun Park ◽  
Min Chul Kho ◽  
Hye Yoom Kim ◽  
You Mee Ahn ◽  
Yun Jung Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
High Fructose Diet ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Triglyceride Accumulation ◽  
High Fructose ◽  
Amp Activated Protein Kinase

Increased fructose ingestion has been linked to obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension associated with metabolic syndrome. Blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum; BC) is a horticultural crop in Europe. To induce metabolic syndrome, Sprague-Dawley rats were fed 60% high-fructose diet. Treatment with BC (100 or 300 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks) significantly suppressed increased liver weight, epididymal fat weight, C-reactive protein (CRP), total bilirubin, leptin, and insulin in rats with induced metabolic syndrome. BC markedly prevented increased adipocyte size and hepatic triglyceride accumulation in rats with induced metabolic syndrome. BC suppressed oral glucose tolerance and protein expression of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) in muscle. BC significantly suppressed plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL content. BC suppressed endothelial dysfunction by inducing downregulation of endothelin-1 and adhesion molecules in the aorta. Vascular relaxation of thoracic aortic rings by sodium nitroprusside and acetylcholine was improved by BC. The present study provides evidence of the potential protective effect of BC against metabolic syndrome by demonstrating improvements in dyslipidemia, hypertension, insulin resistance, and obesityin vivo.

scholarly journals Goat Milk Kefir Supplemented with Porang Glucomannan Improves Lipid Profile and Haematological Parameter in Rat Fed High Fat and High Fructose Diet

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
◽  
Eni Harmayani ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Haematological Parameter ◽  
High Fat ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
High Fructose

AbstractBackground and Aims: Diet with a high fat and high sugar is associated with an increased incindence of the metabolic syndrome. Kefir has been known as a natural probiotic, while glucomannan from porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) tuber was demonstrated as prebiotic in vivo. Probiotics and prebiotics can be used adjuvant nutritional therapy for metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of goat milk kefir supplemented with porang glucomannan on the lipid profile and haematological parameters in rats fed with a high-fat/high-fructose (HFHF) diet.Materials and methods: Rats were divided into 5 groups: normal diet; HFHF; HFHF + kefir; HFHF + kefir + glucomannan; and HFHF + simvastatin.Results: There were significant differences before and after treatment in triglycerides and total cholesterol in HFHF + kefir+glucomannan group. The HFHF rats administered kefir with or without glucomannan had higher levels of lymphocytes and lower neutrophils compared to HFHF group (p<0.05). Only goat milk kefir without glucomannan proved to reduce platelets number.Conclusion: Goat milk kefir supplemented with porang glucomannan could improve the health of rats fed high-fat/high-fructose, by decreasing plasma triglycerides, total cholesterol, and their immunomodulatory effect by decreasing number of neutrophils and increasing the lymphocytes. Especially for goat milk kefir had antithrombotic activity which important to prevent cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Impact of Gentamicin Coadministration along with High Fructose Feeding on Progression of Renal Failure and Metabolic Syndrome in Sprague-Dawley Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaid O. Ibraheem ◽  
Rusliza Basir ◽  
Ahmad Kh. Aljobory ◽  
Omar E. Ibrahim ◽  
Ajwad Alsumaidaee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Treatment Period ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
High Fructose ◽  
Renal Histology ◽  
The Impact

The current study evaluates the impact of high fructose feeding in rat model of gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity. Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 180–200 g were randomized into four groups; (C) received standard rodents chow with free access toad libitumdrinking water for 8 weeks and was considered as control, (F) received standard rodents chow with free access to drinking water supplemented with 20% (W/V) fructose for the same abovementioned period, (FG) was fed as group F and was given 80 mg/kg (body weight)/day gentamicin sulphate intraperitoneally during the last 20 days of the feeding period, and (G) was given gentamicin as above and fed as group C. Renal function was assessed at the end of the treatment period through measuring serum creatinine, uric acid and albumin, creatinine clearance, absolute and fractional excretion of both sodium and potassium, twenty-four-hour urinary excretion of albumin, and renal histology. For metabolic syndrome assessment, fasting plasma glucose and insulin were measured and oral glucose tolerance test was performed throughout the treatment period. Results showed that gentamicin enhances progression of fructose induced metabolic syndrome. On the other hand, fructose pretreatment before gentamicin injection produced a comparable degree of renal dysfunction to those which were given fructose-free water but the picture of nephrotoxicity was somewhat altered as it was characterized by higher extent of glomerular congestion and protein urea. Overall, more vigilance is required when nephrotoxic drugs are prescribed for patients with fructose induced metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Metabolic Effects of the Sweet Protein MNEI as a Sweetener in Drinking Water. A Pilot Study of a High Fat Dietary Regimen in a Rodent Model

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2643
Author(s):  
Rosa Cancelliere ◽  
Serena Leone ◽  
Cristina Gatto ◽  
Arianna Mazzoli ◽  
Carmine Ercole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Western Diet ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Metabolic Derangement ◽  
Dietary Regimen ◽  
Sweet Proteins ◽  
Sweet Protein ◽  
Typical Western Diet

Sweeteners have become integrating components of the typical western diet, in response to the spreading of sugar-related pathologies (diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome) that have stemmed from the adoption of unbalanced dietary habits. Sweet proteins are a relatively unstudied class of sweet compounds that could serve as innovative sweeteners, but their introduction on the food market has been delayed by some factors, among which is the lack of thorough metabolic and toxicological studies. We have tried to shed light on the potential of a sweet protein, MNEI, as a fructose substitute in beverages in a typical western diet, by studying the metabolic consequences of its consumption on a Wistar rat model of high fat diet-induced obesity. In particular, we investigated the lipid profile, insulin sensitivity and other indicators of metabolic syndrome. We also evaluated systemic inflammation and potential colon damage. MNEI consumption rescued the metabolic derangement elicited by the intake of fructose, namely insulin resistance, altered plasma lipid profile, colon inflammation and translocation of lipopolysaccharides from the gut lumen into the circulatory system. We concluded that MNEI could represent a valid alternative to fructose, particularly when concomitant metabolic disorders such as diabetes and/or glucose intolerance are present.

scholarly journals 7-Hydroxymatairesinol improves body weight, fat and sugar metabolism in C57BJ/6 mice on a high-fat diet

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (7) ◽  
pp. 751-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Biasiotto ◽  
Isabella Zanella ◽  
Federica Predolini ◽  
Ivonne Archetti ◽  
Moris Cadei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Lipid Uptake ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Total Extract ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Metabolic Genes

Abstract7-Hydroxymatairesinol (7-HMR) is a plant lignan abundant in various concentrations in plant foods. The objective of this study was to test HMRLignan™, a purified form of 7-HMR, and the correspondingPicea abiesextract (total extractP. abies; TEP) as dietary supplements on a background of a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic syndrome in mice and in the 3T3-L1 adipogenesis model. Mice, 3 weeks old, were fed a HFD for 60 d. Subgroups were treated with 3 mg/kg body weight 7-HMR (HMRLignan™) or 10 mg/kg body weight TEP by oral administration. 7-HMR and TEP limited the increase in body weight (−11 and −13 %) and fat mass (−11 and −18 %) in the HFD-fed mice. Epididymal adipocytes were 19 and −12 % smaller and the liver was less steatotic (−62 and −65 %). Serum lipids decreased in TEP-treated mice (−11 % cholesterol, −23 % LDL and −15 % TAG) and sugar metabolism was ameliorated by both lignan preparations, as shown by a more than 70 % decrease in insulin secretion and insulin resistance. The expression of several metabolic genes was modulated by the HFD with an effect that was reversed by lignan. In 3T3-L1 cells, the 7-HMR metabolites enterolactone (ENL) and enterodiol (END) showed a 40 % inhibition of cell differentiation accompanied by the inhibited expression of the adipogenic genesPPARγ,C/EBPαandaP2. Furthermore, END and ENL caused a 10 % reduction in TAG uptake in HEPA 1–6 hepatoma cells. In conclusion, 7-HMR and TEP reduce metabolic imbalances typical of the metabolic syndrome and obesity in male mice, whereas their metabolites inhibit adipogenesis and lipid uptakein vitro.

scholarly journals Enhanced phosphorylation of Na+–Cl− co-transporter in experimental metabolic syndrome: role of insulin

2012 ◽  
Vol 123 (11) ◽  
pp. 635-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radko Komers ◽  
Shaunessy Rogers ◽  
Terry T. Oyama ◽  
Bei Xu ◽  
Chao-Ling Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Endogenous Expression ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Mammalian Cell Lines ◽  
Phosphoinositide 3 Kinase

In the present study, we investigated the activity of the thiazide-sensitive NCC (Na+–Cl− co-transporter) in experimental metabolic syndrome and the role of insulin in NCC activation. Renal responses to the NCC inhibitor HCTZ (hydrochlorothiazide), as a measure of NCC activity in vivo, were studied in 12-week-old ZO (Zucker obese) rats, a model of the metabolic syndrome, and in ZL (Zucker lean) control animals, together with renal NCC expression and molecular markers of NCC activity, such as localization and phosphorylation. Effects of insulin were studied further in mammalian cell lines with inducible and endogenous expression of this molecule. ZO rats displayed marked hyperinsulinaemia, but no differences in plasma aldosterone, compared with ZL rats. In ZO rats, natriuretic and diuretic responses to NCC inhibition with HCTZ were enhanced compared with ZL rats, and were associated with a decrease in BP (blood pressure). ZO rats displayed enhanced Thr53 NCC phosphorylation and predominant membrane localization of both total and phosphorylated NCC, together with a different profile in expression of SPAK (Ste20-related proline/alanine-rich kinase) isoforms, and lower expression of WNK4. In vitro, insulin induced NCC phosphorylation, which was blocked by a PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) inhibitor. Insulin-induced reduction in WNK4 expression was also observed, but delayed compared with the time course of NCC phosphorylation. In summary, we report increased NCC activity in hyperinsulinaemic rodents in conjunction with the SPAK expression profile consistent with NCC activation and reduced WNK4, as well as an ability of insulin to induce NCC stimulatory phosphorylation in vitro. Together, these findings indicate that hyperinsulinaemia is an important driving force of NCC activity in the metabolic syndrome with possible consequences for BP regulation.

scholarly journals Parameters of Glucose Homeostasis in the Recognition of the Metabolic Syndrome in Young Adults with Prader–Willi Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 5635
Author(s):  
Graziano Grugni ◽  
Antonio Fanolla ◽  
Fiorenzo Lupi ◽  
Silvia Longhi ◽  
Antonella Saezza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Prader Willi Syndrome ◽  
Insulinogenic Index ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Diagnostic Threshold ◽  
Age Related

To verify the accuracy of different indices of glucose homeostasis in recognizing the metabolic syndrome in a group of adult patients with Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS), 102 PWS patients (53 females/49 males), age ±SD 26.9 ± 7.6 yrs, Body Mass Index (BMI) 35.7 ± 10.7, were studied. The following indices were assessed in each subject during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT): 1 h (>155 mg/dL) and 2 h (140–199 mg/dL) glucose levels, the oral disposition index (ODI), the insulinogenic index (IGI), the insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were evaluated at baseline, 1 h and 2 h. Although minor differences among indices were found, according to the ROC analysis, no index performed better in recognizing MetS. Furthermore, the diagnostic threshold levels changed over the years and therefore the age-related thresholds were calculated. The easily calculated HOMA-IR at baseline may be used to accurately diagnose MetS, thus avoiding more complicated procedures.

scholarly journals Lipid Peroxidation as a Link Between Unhealthy Diets and the Metabolic Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnold N. Onyango
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Mechanisms Of Formation ◽  
Obesity Hypertension

Unhealthy diets, such as those high in saturated fat and sugar accelerate the development of non-communicable diseases. The metabolic syndrome is a conglomeration of disorders such as abdominal obesity, hypertension, impaired glucose regulation and dyslipidemia, which increases the risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome is increasing globally, and dietary interventions may help to reverse this trend. A good understanding of its pathophysiological mechanisms is needed for the proper design of such interventions. This chapter discusses how lipid peroxidation is associated with the development of this syndrome, mainly through the formation of bioactive aldehydes, such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, malondialdehyde, acrolein and glyoxal, which modify biomolecules to induce cellular dysfunction, including the enhancement of oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling. It gives a current understanding of the mechanisms of formation of these aldehydes and how dietary components such as saturated fatty acids promote oxidative stress, leading to lipid oxidation. It also outlines mechanisms, apart from free radical scavenging and singlet oxygen quenching, by which various dietary constituents prevent oxidative stress and lipid oxidation in vivo.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document